Pub Date : 2022-03-28DOI: 10.17161/eurojecol.v8i1.15360
B. Thapa, Basant Gyawali, Juna Neupane, T. Thapa
Status and distribution of red panda outside the protected area are poorly explored in Nepal despite of occupying the large share of potential red panda habitat. This study attempted to identify the factors affecting distribution and habitat association of red panda in Bhojpur district, Nepal. Bhalukhola Forest Patch, Kholakharka Forest Patch and Silichung Forest Patches were selected as intensive study sites. Altitudinal line intercepts method and sign surveys were applied to determine the distribution of red panda along different elevations. Quadrate method was implemented to explore the habitat association of the species. Twenty-four altitudinal transects each of 1,000 m on every 100 m altitude were surveyed following contour lines from the elevation of 2,400 m to 3,550 m. All the data were analysed by using Microsoft Excel 2016, ArcGIS 10.4 and Past 3.26 Software. Generalized Linear Model (GLM) was used to assess the influence of elevation and habitat parameters (predictor variables) with presence of red panda i.e. pellet frequency (response variable). Red panda was confirmed in all the surveyed forest patches between 2,700 m to 3,000 m altitude. In addition, 44 tree species were documented from red panda sign plots, out of which most common was Pinus roxburghii (77.39), Rhododendron arboretum (29.35), Tsuga dumosa (28.51) and Rhododendron grande (22.06). Based on the habitat association analysis, GLM revealed that elevation (R2=0.23), bamboo canopy cover (P˂ 0.01), tree canopy cover (P˂ 0.01), bamboo density (P˂ 0.01), and distance to settlement (P˂ 0.01) were positively associated with red panda presence. Likewise, tree height (P˂ 0.01), distance to water source (P˂ 0.01) and DBH of tree (P˂ 0.01) were negatively associated. The most preferred aspect was found to be North-West (31%) with the average slope of 30o. Tree branches were mostly used substrate by the red panda for defecation (56.36%). Mostly used tree species for defecation was Hymenodictylon excelsum (26%). This study has provided vivid information about the presence of red panda in one of the potential regions outside protected area. Further research should be conducted to find out distribution pattern, abundance and association of red panda with different habitat characteristics throughout the Bhojpur district.
{"title":"FACTORS AFFECTING DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT ASSOCIATION OF RED PANDA IN BHOJPUR DISTRICT, NEPAL","authors":"B. Thapa, Basant Gyawali, Juna Neupane, T. Thapa","doi":"10.17161/eurojecol.v8i1.15360","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17161/eurojecol.v8i1.15360","url":null,"abstract":"Status and distribution of red panda outside the protected area are poorly explored in Nepal despite of occupying the large share of potential red panda habitat. This study attempted to identify the factors affecting distribution and habitat association of red panda in Bhojpur district, Nepal. Bhalukhola Forest Patch, Kholakharka Forest Patch and Silichung Forest Patches were selected as intensive study sites. Altitudinal line intercepts method and sign surveys were applied to determine the distribution of red panda along different elevations. Quadrate method was implemented to explore the habitat association of the species. Twenty-four altitudinal transects each of 1,000 m on every 100 m altitude were surveyed following contour lines from the elevation of 2,400 m to 3,550 m. All the data were analysed by using Microsoft Excel 2016, ArcGIS 10.4 and Past 3.26 Software. Generalized Linear Model (GLM) was used to assess the influence of elevation and habitat parameters (predictor variables) with presence of red panda i.e. pellet frequency (response variable). Red panda was confirmed in all the surveyed forest patches between 2,700 m to 3,000 m altitude. In addition, 44 tree species were documented from red panda sign plots, out of which most common was Pinus roxburghii (77.39), Rhododendron arboretum (29.35), Tsuga dumosa (28.51) and Rhododendron grande (22.06). Based on the habitat association analysis, GLM revealed that elevation (R2=0.23), bamboo canopy cover (P˂ 0.01), tree canopy cover (P˂ 0.01), bamboo density (P˂ 0.01), and distance to settlement (P˂ 0.01) were positively associated with red panda presence. Likewise, tree height (P˂ 0.01), distance to water source (P˂ 0.01) and DBH of tree (P˂ 0.01) were negatively associated. The most preferred aspect was found to be North-West (31%) with the average slope of 30o. Tree branches were mostly used substrate by the red panda for defecation (56.36%). Mostly used tree species for defecation was Hymenodictylon excelsum (26%). This study has provided vivid information about the presence of red panda in one of the potential regions outside protected area. Further research should be conducted to find out distribution pattern, abundance and association of red panda with different habitat characteristics throughout the Bhojpur district.","PeriodicalId":37280,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Ecology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42851955","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The loss of bees is a relatively well-known worldwide phenomenon. Many papers examine the direct influence of different factors on global bees lost. However, a look at this problem with the intentions of host-parasite-environment interactions is rare. This paper post tries to prove possible connections among bees, their parasites and landscape structure. During the research at 27 suitable sites across Slovakia, Nosema spp. spores were detected in two samples (7.41 % of examined apiaries) and Varroa destructor in a total of 41 % of samples (mean prevalence of 0.57). Significant differences were found in mites infestation in altitudes up to 500 m and over 500 m, and at sites with different ES. Considering the landscape structure, Varroa infestation was significantly positively influenced by the presence of discontinuous urban fabrics.
{"title":"Honey bees metapopulations, parasites, and landscape - search for possible relationships: case study Slovakia","authors":"J. Oboňa, Árvay Július, Bobuľská Lenka, Demková Lenka, Manko Peter, Michalko Miloslav, Kowalski Stanislav, Sabo Rastislav","doi":"10.17161/eurojecol.v8i1.15428","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17161/eurojecol.v8i1.15428","url":null,"abstract":"The loss of bees is a relatively well-known worldwide phenomenon. Many papers examine the direct influence of different factors on global bees lost. However, a look at this problem with the intentions of host-parasite-environment interactions is rare. This paper post tries to prove possible connections among bees, their parasites and landscape structure. During the research at 27 suitable sites across Slovakia, Nosema spp. spores were detected in two samples (7.41 % of examined apiaries) and Varroa destructor in a total of 41 % of samples (mean prevalence of 0.57). Significant differences were found in mites infestation in altitudes up to 500 m and over 500 m, and at sites with different ES. Considering the landscape structure, Varroa infestation was significantly positively influenced by the presence of discontinuous urban fabrics.","PeriodicalId":37280,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Ecology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49519333","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-03DOI: 10.17161/eurojecol.v8i1.15220
S. Bhandari, K. Baral, Binaya Adhikari
In the pictures taken by the camera trap, the photo of a leopard hunting a jungle cat is rare. This type of evidence makes it easier to understand the current status of wildlife and also implement further conservation actions. This study was conducted from November 2020 to December 2020 in the mid-hill regions of Nepal. We installed the camera traps in l*1 km grid cell covering about 60 km2. Out of 36 camera trap locations, 1 leopard preying on a jungle cat was captured in one location. Our study concluded that carnivores could capture another sympatric family because of the lack of natural prey species. Therefore, conservation of the natural prey species including small carnivores or mammals is also essential to conserve the leopard population.
{"title":"Leopard preyed on Jungle cat: evidence from the mid-hill of Nepal","authors":"S. Bhandari, K. Baral, Binaya Adhikari","doi":"10.17161/eurojecol.v8i1.15220","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17161/eurojecol.v8i1.15220","url":null,"abstract":"In the pictures taken by the camera trap, the photo of a leopard hunting a jungle cat is rare. This type of evidence makes it easier to understand the current status of wildlife and also implement further conservation actions. This study was conducted from November 2020 to December 2020 in the mid-hill regions of Nepal. We installed the camera traps in l*1 km grid cell covering about 60 km2. Out of 36 camera trap locations, 1 leopard preying on a jungle cat was captured in one location. Our study concluded that carnivores could capture another sympatric family because of the lack of natural prey species. Therefore, conservation of the natural prey species including small carnivores or mammals is also essential to conserve the leopard population.","PeriodicalId":37280,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Ecology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48707054","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-03DOI: 10.17161/eurojecol.v8i1.15308
G. Fernandes
The quality of the environment and the host plant influence the development of the galls as well as the performance of gall inducing insects. The effect of nutrients and water availability on the development of galls induced by Rhopalomyia chrysothamni (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) on Chrysothamnus nauseosus subsp. hololeucus (Asteraceae) was tested. The study was conducted in a xeric area with no signs of disturbances in Coconino National Forest, Arizona, USA. Individuals of C. nauseosus randomly selected underwent three treatments of water and nutrients availability. At the end of the growing season, the number of attacked plants, abundance and the development of galls in each treatment were evaluated. The differences in habitat quality simulated by the fertility and humidity conditions influenced both the number of attacked plants and the growth of galls. Plants with lower hydric-nutritional quality were more attacked by the galling insect. Otherwise, when both water and nutritional stresses were relieved plants developed galls with higher dry biomass and density. Therefore, this field experimental study indicates that while galling females attacked plants more in xeric environments, the galls grew larger in relatively more mesic conditions. The results showed a trade-off between the quantity and quality of galls of R. chrysothamni depending on the nutritional quality of the host plants.
{"title":"Irrigation and fertilization of Chrysothamnus nauseosus (Asteraceae) affect the attack and gall growth of Rhopalomyia chrysothamni (Cecidomyiidae)","authors":"G. Fernandes","doi":"10.17161/eurojecol.v8i1.15308","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17161/eurojecol.v8i1.15308","url":null,"abstract":"The quality of the environment and the host plant influence the development of the galls as well as the performance of gall inducing insects. The effect of nutrients and water availability on the development of galls induced by Rhopalomyia chrysothamni (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) on Chrysothamnus nauseosus subsp. hololeucus (Asteraceae) was tested. The study was conducted in a xeric area with no signs of disturbances in Coconino National Forest, Arizona, USA. Individuals of C. nauseosus randomly selected underwent three treatments of water and nutrients availability. At the end of the growing season, the number of attacked plants, abundance and the development of galls in each treatment were evaluated. The differences in habitat quality simulated by the fertility and humidity conditions influenced both the number of attacked plants and the growth of galls. Plants with lower hydric-nutritional quality were more attacked by the galling insect. Otherwise, when both water and nutritional stresses were relieved plants developed galls with higher dry biomass and density. Therefore, this field experimental study indicates that while galling females attacked plants more in xeric environments, the galls grew larger in relatively more mesic conditions. The results showed a trade-off between the quantity and quality of galls of R. chrysothamni depending on the nutritional quality of the host plants.","PeriodicalId":37280,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Ecology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41854177","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-31DOI: 10.17161/eurojecol.v7i2.15426
Carolin Tröger, D. Tsegaye, U. Hohmann
After becoming extinct approximately 250 years ago in the Palatinate Forest, the first Eurasian lynx (Lynx lynx) were reintroduced within this area in 2016, with 20 lynx reintroduced in the following five years. We observed the roe deer population within the Palatinate Forest before (2016) and during (2017–2019) the lynx reintroduction by estimating the population and evaluating the hunting bag. The roe deer population estimation based on the distance sampling method was conducted on ten defined transects with an average length of 48 km from 2016 to 2019, observing a 6,000 km transect length for 120 nights overall. An average of 6.54 ± 1.28 roe deer km-² was estimated over the course of the four years (2016 – 2019). Since we suspect that our estimations might underestimate the roe deer population within the Palatinate Forest, hence we preferred to use the roe deer count index for further analysis. Over the first four years (2016–2019), significant differences were neither found in the roe deer count index nor for the hunting bag in relation to the reintroduction of the lynx. The data and findings presented in this study provide a first insight into a long-term observation of a predator-prey system within the Palatinate Forest, with roe deer not having experienced a natural predator over a long time. In order to make coherent interpretations, long-term data is needed to estimate the population trends of both species within the Palatinate Forest.
{"title":"Roe deer population trend after reintroduction of Eurasian lynx within the Palatinate Forest: a first insight into a long-term study","authors":"Carolin Tröger, D. Tsegaye, U. Hohmann","doi":"10.17161/eurojecol.v7i2.15426","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17161/eurojecol.v7i2.15426","url":null,"abstract":"After becoming extinct approximately 250 years ago in the Palatinate Forest, the first Eurasian lynx (Lynx lynx) were reintroduced within this area in 2016, with 20 lynx reintroduced in the following five years. We observed the roe deer population within the Palatinate Forest before (2016) and during (2017–2019) the lynx reintroduction by estimating the population and evaluating the hunting bag. The roe deer population estimation based on the distance sampling method was conducted on ten defined transects with an average length of 48 km from 2016 to 2019, observing a 6,000 km transect length for 120 nights overall. An average of 6.54 ± 1.28 roe deer km-² was estimated over the course of the four years (2016 – 2019). Since we suspect that our estimations might underestimate the roe deer population within the Palatinate Forest, hence we preferred to use the roe deer count index for further analysis. Over the first four years (2016–2019), significant differences were neither found in the roe deer count index nor for the hunting bag in relation to the reintroduction of the lynx. The data and findings presented in this study provide a first insight into a long-term observation of a predator-prey system within the Palatinate Forest, with roe deer not having experienced a natural predator over a long time. In order to make coherent interpretations, long-term data is needed to estimate the population trends of both species within the Palatinate Forest.","PeriodicalId":37280,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Ecology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41415664","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-22DOI: 10.17161/eurojecol.v7i2.15560
Roberto Toffoli
Weather conditions can influence the hibernation behaviour of temperate cave-dwelling bats that are tolerant to low temperatures, and their number can be correlated with weather variables. In this work a first assessment on the correlation between the number of individuals of three species of hibernating bats (Barbastella barbastellus, Myotis emarginatus and Rhinolophus hipposideros) and the environmental weather conditions before the survey was carried out is provided for two hibernacula of the Italian Western Alps. For the B. barbastellus, a significant inverse correlation was observed between the number of bats detected and the average daily temperature for thirty days preceding the count (p= 0.036) and ten days before counting (p= 0.036). A significant positive correlation was observed for M. emarginatus between the number of individuals and the average daily temperatures for thirty days preceding the count (p= 0.018). For R. hipposideros, a significant inverse correlation was observed with the average daily temperatures for the ten days before the count (p= 0.048) and the differences in the maximum and minimum temperature of the ten days preceding the count (p= 0.002). Results of this study show how the ambient temperatures before a count can influence the number of bats present in hibernacula. This confirms how the abundance of bats at underground hibernating sites can be used as an indicator of climate change, as temperature is an important factor controlling hibernation, although further studies are needed in order to better evaluate how the climatic variables interact with each other in regulating the number of bats in the hibernacula.
{"title":"Relationship between external weather conditions and number of hibernating bats in two caves in the western Italian Alps","authors":"Roberto Toffoli","doi":"10.17161/eurojecol.v7i2.15560","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17161/eurojecol.v7i2.15560","url":null,"abstract":"Weather conditions can influence the hibernation behaviour of temperate cave-dwelling bats that are tolerant to low temperatures, and their number can be correlated with weather variables. In this work a first assessment on the correlation between the number of individuals of three species of hibernating bats (Barbastella barbastellus, Myotis emarginatus and Rhinolophus hipposideros) and the environmental weather conditions before the survey was carried out is provided for two hibernacula of the Italian Western Alps. \u0000For the B. barbastellus, a significant inverse correlation was observed between the number of bats detected and the average daily temperature for thirty days preceding the count (p= 0.036) and ten days before counting (p= 0.036). A significant positive correlation was observed for M. emarginatus between the number of individuals and the average daily temperatures for thirty days preceding the count (p= 0.018). For R. hipposideros, a significant inverse correlation was observed with the average daily temperatures for the ten days before the count (p= 0.048) and the differences in the maximum and minimum temperature of the ten days preceding the count (p= 0.002). \u0000Results of this study show how the ambient temperatures before a count can influence the number of bats present in hibernacula. This confirms how the abundance of bats at underground hibernating sites can be used as an indicator of climate change, as temperature is an important factor controlling hibernation, although further studies are needed in order to better evaluate how the climatic variables interact with each other in regulating the number of bats in the hibernacula.","PeriodicalId":37280,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Ecology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48899037","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-17DOI: 10.17161/eurojecol.v7i2.15042
Banu Kaya özdemirel
Cross taxa congruence was investigated between butterfly taxa and ecological community for fine spatial scale (10 × 10 km² UTM grids) in north-eastern part of Turkey. The study area was evaluated within the scope of systematic conservation planning, and analyses were performed for sets of priority protected areas composed using complementarity-based site selection software Marxan. Cross taxa congruence was subsequently examined both in species richness and ecologic complementarity. Accordingly, it has been observed that the cross-taxon congruence between butterfly taxa and ecological community was relatively better than the results of previous studies. Another remarkable finding is that ecological community was a more robust surrogate than butterfly taxa. Although the results are valuable for conservation studies, they highlight the fact that a simple surrogate-based site selection would be inadequate to represent overall biodiversity. The weakness of congruence patterns among surrogates would also lead to gaps in biodiversity conservation. These findings therefore draw attention to the necessities of incorporating surrogates of distinct ecology or some other surrogates like environmental parameters into conservation planning. Otherwise, there may be mistakes regarding species representation and the vast majority of species may be misrepresented in protected areas and protected area plans. At this point, it should be emphasized that understating cross taxa congruence and/or relationships is a key component for efficient biodiversity conservation.
{"title":"INVESTIGATING CROSS CONGRUENCE BETWEEN BUTTERFLY TAXA AND ECOLOGICAL COMMUNITY WITHIN THE FRAMEWORK OF SYSTEMATIC CONSERVATION PLANNING: A CASE STUDY FROM LESSER CAUCASUS ECOREGION OF TURKEY","authors":"Banu Kaya özdemirel","doi":"10.17161/eurojecol.v7i2.15042","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17161/eurojecol.v7i2.15042","url":null,"abstract":"Cross taxa congruence was investigated between butterfly taxa and ecological community for fine spatial scale (10 × 10 km² UTM grids) in north-eastern part of Turkey. The study area was evaluated within the scope of systematic conservation planning, and analyses were performed for sets of priority protected areas composed using complementarity-based site selection software Marxan. Cross taxa congruence was subsequently examined both in species richness and ecologic complementarity. Accordingly, it has been observed that the cross-taxon congruence between butterfly taxa and ecological community was relatively better than the results of previous studies. Another remarkable finding is that ecological community was a more robust surrogate than butterfly taxa. Although the results are valuable for conservation studies, they highlight the fact that a simple surrogate-based site selection would be inadequate to represent overall biodiversity. The weakness of congruence patterns among surrogates would also lead to gaps in biodiversity conservation. These findings therefore draw attention to the necessities of incorporating surrogates of distinct ecology or some other surrogates like environmental parameters into conservation planning. Otherwise, there may be mistakes regarding species representation and the vast majority of species may be misrepresented in protected areas and protected area plans. At this point, it should be emphasized that understating cross taxa congruence and/or relationships is a key component for efficient biodiversity conservation.","PeriodicalId":37280,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Ecology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47096150","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-14DOI: 10.17161/eurojecol.v7i2.14993
L. Luiselli, John Sebit Benansio, J. J. Balli, D. Dendi, S. Ajong, N. Pacini
A survey conducted in Terekeka, Mongalla (=Mongalla) and Gemmaiza (= Gemeiza), payams of Central Equatoria in South Sudan using face-to-face interviews, structured questionnaire and focused group discussion provided information on income generating strategies of fishing communities. These included: full time or part time fishing, small-scale farming, cattle breeding and firewood collection. Stationary gill nets were the dominant type of fishing gear, followed by monofilament, hook and long line, cast nets, spears and harpoons. Fishing vessels included planked canoes, steel boats and fibreglass. The best fishing months were August, September, followed by May. Main species caught included large bodied potamodromous predators adapted to channel habitats, as well as floodplain migrants. Overall the fish community appeared to be at equilibrium, with no evidence of impacts due to excessive catch efforts. The good health of the White Nile fishery is related to the high resilience of South Sudanese aquatic ecosystems as well as to the low potential of fish capture in a country disrupted by war and lack of security.
{"title":"FISH COMMUNITY COMPOSITION INDICATES LOW IMPACT OF CAPTURE EFFORTS IN WAR-TORN SOUTH SUDAN","authors":"L. Luiselli, John Sebit Benansio, J. J. Balli, D. Dendi, S. Ajong, N. Pacini","doi":"10.17161/eurojecol.v7i2.14993","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17161/eurojecol.v7i2.14993","url":null,"abstract":"A survey conducted in Terekeka, Mongalla (=Mongalla) and Gemmaiza (= Gemeiza), payams of Central Equatoria in South Sudan using face-to-face interviews, structured questionnaire and focused group discussion provided information on income generating strategies of fishing communities. These included: full time or part time fishing, small-scale farming, cattle breeding and firewood collection. Stationary gill nets were the dominant type of fishing gear, followed by monofilament, hook and long line, cast nets, spears and harpoons. Fishing vessels included planked canoes, steel boats and fibreglass. The best fishing months were August, September, followed by May. Main species caught included large bodied potamodromous predators adapted to channel habitats, as well as floodplain migrants. Overall the fish community appeared to be at equilibrium, with no evidence of impacts due to excessive catch efforts. The good health of the White Nile fishery is related to the high resilience of South Sudanese aquatic ecosystems as well as to the low potential of fish capture in a country disrupted by war and lack of security.","PeriodicalId":37280,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Ecology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42856907","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-23DOI: 10.17161/eurojecol.v7i2.14683
Miriam A. Zemanova
Research on animals is one of the most controversial ethical issues in our society. It is imperative that animal welfare is being considered and the harm and distress to animals used in research is minimized. This could be achieved through implementation of the so-called 3Rs principles for animal research, which are now implemented in many legislations worldwide. These principles serve as a basis for research without the use of animals (Replacement), with as few animals as possible (Reduction), and in which the animal’s welfare is as good as possible (Refinement). While there has been a lot of focus on implementation of these principles, only a few studies have documented the knowledge and adoption of the 3Rs among researchers. One field that has been particularly neglected is ecological research, which can involve many practices that affect animal welfare. Moreover, the knowledge, experience, and attitudes about animal use in ecological research and education has never been examined before. In order to close this gap, I conducted a survey among European ecologists. Responses from 107 respondents from 23 countries revealed that lethal and invasive research methods are prevalent, and that more than half of the respondents have never heard of the 3Rs principles for animal research. Major concerns are also the lack of calculation of the minimum sample size and widespread of dissection classes as part of education. Additionally, most respondents experienced ethical doubts about their research, and did not receive any training in animal welfare or ethics. These findings revealed that it is necessary to implement rigorous standards for ecological research and enforce the implementation of the 3Rs principles. Furthermore, the evaluation of current educational practices in ecology is urgently needed.
{"title":"Making room for the 3Rs principles of animal use in ecology: potential issues identified through a survey","authors":"Miriam A. Zemanova","doi":"10.17161/eurojecol.v7i2.14683","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17161/eurojecol.v7i2.14683","url":null,"abstract":"Research on animals is one of the most controversial ethical issues in our society. It is imperative that animal welfare is being considered and the harm and distress to animals used in research is minimized. This could be achieved through implementation of the so-called 3Rs principles for animal research, which are now implemented in many legislations worldwide. These principles serve as a basis for research without the use of animals (Replacement), with as few animals as possible (Reduction), and in which the animal’s welfare is as good as possible (Refinement). While there has been a lot of focus on implementation of these principles, only a few studies have documented the knowledge and adoption of the 3Rs among researchers. One field that has been particularly neglected is ecological research, which can involve many practices that affect animal welfare. Moreover, the knowledge, experience, and attitudes about animal use in ecological research and education has never been examined before. In order to close this gap, I conducted a survey among European ecologists. Responses from 107 respondents from 23 countries revealed that lethal and invasive research methods are prevalent, and that more than half of the respondents have never heard of the 3Rs principles for animal research. Major concerns are also the lack of calculation of the minimum sample size and widespread of dissection classes as part of education. Additionally, most respondents experienced ethical doubts about their research, and did not receive any training in animal welfare or ethics. These findings revealed that it is necessary to implement rigorous standards for ecological research and enforce the implementation of the 3Rs principles. Furthermore, the evaluation of current educational practices in ecology is urgently needed.","PeriodicalId":37280,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Ecology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48843592","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-22DOI: 10.17161/eurojecol.v7i2.15079
T. Nguyen, Ilaria Gliottone, M. Pham
Cunninghamia konishii Hayata is a rare and endangered plant species that plays a relevant role in ecological andcommercial systems of natural forests in Vietnam. In this research, we evaluated the potential geographic distribution ofC. konishii under current and future climatic conditions in Northern Vietnam using the ecological niche modelling approachbased on the largest available database of occurrence records for this species. C. konishii is mainly distributed inthe northern part of Vietnam at altitudes above 1000 m where the slopes range between 12 and 25 degrees, particularlyin special-use and protected forest. The optimal distribution area of C. konishii requires specific climatic conditions: anannual precipitation around 1200 mm, precipitation of the warmest quarter ranging from 600 to 800 mm, a precipitationseasonality of 90 to100 mm, an annual mean temperature ranging from 12°C to 19°C, and a temperature seasonalityranging from 300 to 350. Additionally, the species requires specific soil groups: humic acrisols, ferralic acrisols, andyellow-red humic soils. Considering these requirements, the results of our research show that the suitable regions for thegrowth of C. konishii are found in the provinces of Ha Giang, Son La, Thanh Hoa and Nghe An, covering a total area of1509.56 km2. However, analyzing the results under the Community Climate System Model version 4 (CCSM4) model, itis possible to observe that the area will decline to 504.39 km2 by 2090 according to RCP 2.6 scenario, to 406.25 km2 inthe RCP 4.5 scenario, and to 47.62 km2 in the RCP 8.5 scenario. The findings of this present research may be applied toseveral additional studies such as identifying current and future locations to establish conservation areas for C. konishii.
{"title":"Current and future predicting habitat suitability map of Cunninghamia konishii Hayata using MaxEnt model under climate change in Northern Vietnam","authors":"T. Nguyen, Ilaria Gliottone, M. Pham","doi":"10.17161/eurojecol.v7i2.15079","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17161/eurojecol.v7i2.15079","url":null,"abstract":"Cunninghamia konishii Hayata is a rare and endangered plant species that plays a relevant role in ecological andcommercial systems of natural forests in Vietnam. In this research, we evaluated the potential geographic distribution ofC. konishii under current and future climatic conditions in Northern Vietnam using the ecological niche modelling approachbased on the largest available database of occurrence records for this species. C. konishii is mainly distributed inthe northern part of Vietnam at altitudes above 1000 m where the slopes range between 12 and 25 degrees, particularlyin special-use and protected forest. The optimal distribution area of C. konishii requires specific climatic conditions: anannual precipitation around 1200 mm, precipitation of the warmest quarter ranging from 600 to 800 mm, a precipitationseasonality of 90 to100 mm, an annual mean temperature ranging from 12°C to 19°C, and a temperature seasonalityranging from 300 to 350. Additionally, the species requires specific soil groups: humic acrisols, ferralic acrisols, andyellow-red humic soils. Considering these requirements, the results of our research show that the suitable regions for thegrowth of C. konishii are found in the provinces of Ha Giang, Son La, Thanh Hoa and Nghe An, covering a total area of1509.56 km2. However, analyzing the results under the Community Climate System Model version 4 (CCSM4) model, itis possible to observe that the area will decline to 504.39 km2 by 2090 according to RCP 2.6 scenario, to 406.25 km2 inthe RCP 4.5 scenario, and to 47.62 km2 in the RCP 8.5 scenario. The findings of this present research may be applied toseveral additional studies such as identifying current and future locations to establish conservation areas for C. konishii.","PeriodicalId":37280,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Ecology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46161380","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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