Pub Date : 2021-06-29DOI: 10.17161/eurojecol.v7i1.14655
N. Guimarães, J. Bučko, M. Slamka
In last decades, golden jackals expanded significantly their distribution range, increasing their population density, being nowadays present in many countries in Europe. In Slovakia, their dispersion and population increase became more constant from 2009. Records of wolves, lynx and bear from camera traps are rather common across Slovakia, while those of golden jackals are still rare, despite a large number of active traps. In this work, we present records of a camera-trap, located on the east side of the Kysuce Protected Landscape Area, where, for the first time, we detect a sympatric occurrence of the golden jackal with all three native large carnivores.
{"title":"At the table with the big three carnivores - a sympatric occurrence of the golden jackal with bear, wolf and lynx captured on a camera trap in Slovakia","authors":"N. Guimarães, J. Bučko, M. Slamka","doi":"10.17161/eurojecol.v7i1.14655","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17161/eurojecol.v7i1.14655","url":null,"abstract":"In last decades, golden jackals expanded significantly their distribution range, increasing their population density, being nowadays present in many countries in Europe. In Slovakia, their dispersion and population increase became more constant from 2009. Records of wolves, lynx and bear from camera traps are rather common across Slovakia, while those of golden jackals are still rare, despite a large number of active traps. In this work, we present records of a camera-trap, located on the east side of the Kysuce Protected Landscape Area, where, for the first time, we detect a sympatric occurrence of the golden jackal with all three native large carnivores.","PeriodicalId":37280,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Ecology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42208847","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-28DOI: 10.17161/eurojecol.v7i1.13805
H. Barman, G. Aditya
The spatial scale occurrence of the micro land snail Kaliella barrakporensis (L. Pfeiffer, 1852) in the host plants was assessed in selected sites of West Bengal, India. In course of a survey, the collection of K. barrakporensis from randomly selected plants was accomplished for the purpose of highlighting – (a) distribution in host plants, (b) variation in abundance in different height and (c) the dispersion pattern. Although the snails were observed in seven different plants, the presence was more prominent in the lemon plant (Citrus limon), with an average of about 24 individuals / 100 leaves. The logit based principal component regression indicated significant differences in the choice of the host plants with abundance in C. limon followed by Hibiscus rosa sinensis and Nyctanthes arbor-tristis, which was further substantiated through ANOVA (F(1),6, 69 = 10.918; P < 0.001). The heterogeneity in the distribution of K. barrakporensis at different heights of the plant C. limon was also observed with maximum abundance at about 90cm height with least number of snails at the ground level (F(1)6,139 = 3.797;P < 0.0001). On the basis of the variance to mean ratio (s2/m = 1.847±0.161SE), negative binomial aggregation parameter k (1.034± 0.33 SE) and Lloyd mean crowding (ṁ) (1.083 ± 0.16SE) the dispersion of the snail appeared to comply with the clumped distribution in host plants. Apparently, the micro land snail K. barrakporensis exhibited clumped distribution in selected plant species that serve as the preferred resource and complies with the arboreal adaptation. However, further studies should be initiated on the resource preferences of the micro snail K. barrakporensis, to support conservation initiative and spread beyond native habitats.
{"title":"Does the micro land snail, Kaliella barrakporensis (Mollusca: Gastropoda), exhibit plant preference and aggregation? A spatial scale analysis","authors":"H. Barman, G. Aditya","doi":"10.17161/eurojecol.v7i1.13805","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17161/eurojecol.v7i1.13805","url":null,"abstract":"The spatial scale occurrence of the micro land snail Kaliella barrakporensis (L. Pfeiffer, 1852) in the host plants was assessed in selected sites of West Bengal, India. In course of a survey, the collection of K. barrakporensis from randomly selected plants was accomplished for the purpose of highlighting – (a) distribution in host plants, (b) variation in abundance in different height and (c) the dispersion pattern. Although the snails were observed in seven different plants, the presence was more prominent in the lemon plant (Citrus limon), with an average of about 24 individuals / 100 leaves. The logit based principal component regression indicated significant differences in the choice of the host plants with abundance in C. limon followed by Hibiscus rosa sinensis and Nyctanthes arbor-tristis, which was further substantiated through ANOVA (F(1),6, 69 = 10.918; P < 0.001). The heterogeneity in the distribution of K. barrakporensis at different heights of the plant C. limon was also observed with maximum abundance at about 90cm height with least number of snails at the ground level (F(1)6,139 = 3.797;P < 0.0001). On the basis of the variance to mean ratio (s2/m = 1.847±0.161SE), negative binomial aggregation parameter k (1.034± 0.33 SE) and Lloyd mean crowding (ṁ) (1.083 ± 0.16SE) the dispersion of the snail appeared to comply with the clumped distribution in host plants. Apparently, the micro land snail K. barrakporensis exhibited clumped distribution in selected plant species that serve as the preferred resource and complies with the arboreal adaptation. However, further studies should be initiated on the resource preferences of the micro snail K. barrakporensis, to support conservation initiative and spread beyond native habitats.","PeriodicalId":37280,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Ecology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45243687","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-22DOI: 10.17161/eurojecol.v7i1.13781
Lucas Arantes-Garcia, R. Maia, P. Valadão, Y. Oki, Geraldo Fernandes
Host plant quality is determinant for herbivorous insects performance and survival. While on larval stages, insects select their host plants based on factors such as leaf nitrogen and water content, digestibility, and defences. Of great interest is the coevolutionary relationship between the Heliconiini insects and the Passiflora plants. In this study we experimentally evaluated Dryas iulia (Nymphalidae) larval preference to four sympatric Passiflora (Passifloraceae) and subsequently, the larval performance on the two most consumed species. We tested the hypothesis that D. iulia larvae prefer the Passiflora species with higher nutritional quality and lower defence, which supports the greatest larval performance. Dryas iulia larvae preferred P. misera (60.5% leaf consumption) over P. pohlii (28.9%), P. suberosa (15.5%), and P. edulis (not consumed). Passiflora misera presented the highest N concentration, third in water content, second in tector trichomes, and no glandular trichomes (only P. suberosa did). Nitrogen best explained D. iulia larvae leaf consumption; which further explains the greatest larval performance in P. misera than in P. suberosa: i.e. higher survival (23.1%), conversion efficiency of ingested food (32.8%), relative growth rate (14.8%), heavier pupae (15.2%), and lower relative consumption rate (13.8%). This study creates the opportunity to further investigate the Heliconiini-Passiflora system and showed that D. iulia larvae can assess and choose the host plant (even among sympatric species) that supports the greatest performance.
{"title":"Dryas iulia (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae) larval preference and performance on four sympatric Passiflora hosts","authors":"Lucas Arantes-Garcia, R. Maia, P. Valadão, Y. Oki, Geraldo Fernandes","doi":"10.17161/eurojecol.v7i1.13781","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17161/eurojecol.v7i1.13781","url":null,"abstract":"Host plant quality is determinant for herbivorous insects performance and survival. While on larval stages, insects select their host plants based on factors such as leaf nitrogen and water content, digestibility, and defences. Of great interest is the coevolutionary relationship between the Heliconiini insects and the Passiflora plants. In this study we experimentally evaluated Dryas iulia (Nymphalidae) larval preference to four sympatric Passiflora (Passifloraceae) and subsequently, the larval performance on the two most consumed species. We tested the hypothesis that D. iulia larvae prefer the Passiflora species with higher nutritional quality and lower defence, which supports the greatest larval performance. Dryas iulia larvae preferred P. misera (60.5% leaf consumption) over P. pohlii (28.9%), P. suberosa (15.5%), and P. edulis (not consumed). Passiflora misera presented the highest N concentration, third in water content, second in tector trichomes, and no glandular trichomes (only P. suberosa did). Nitrogen best explained D. iulia larvae leaf consumption; which further explains the greatest larval performance in P. misera than in P. suberosa: i.e. higher survival (23.1%), conversion efficiency of ingested food (32.8%), relative growth rate (14.8%), heavier pupae (15.2%), and lower relative consumption rate (13.8%). This study creates the opportunity to further investigate the Heliconiini-Passiflora system and showed that D. iulia larvae can assess and choose the host plant (even among sympatric species) that supports the greatest performance.","PeriodicalId":37280,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Ecology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42699690","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-22DOI: 10.17161/eurojecol.v7i1.15005
Rajeev Joshi, Mandip Pangeni, S. Neupane, N. P. Yadav
Regeneration patterns of species population can address climate change by adaptive evolution or by migrating association to survival in their favorable climate and finally decide the particular forest future. This research examined the status of regeneration and carbon sequestration potential in tropical Sal (Shorea robusta) forest of Kanchanpur district, Nepal. For the study, a total of 63 concentric sample plots were investigated by using systematic sampling with 0.5% sampling intensity. Regeneration status of forest was estimated by calculating the density of each species in each developmental phase. The above-ground carbon stock of trees species were estimated using allometric equations. The studied forests had good regeneration status and Shorea robusta was the dominant species in terms of regeneration and carbon stock. Ramnagar community forest had greater number of seedling, sapling and tree than that of the Ganesh community forest. Reverse J-shaped population curves were recorded at both the study sites. This study provided information about the regeneration status, structure, composition and carbon sequestration potential of tree species which is very necessary for conservation and sustainable management of community forests. Studies indicate that community management has increased the carbon stock of forests and also has promoted the productivity of forests by altering the structure and composition of the community forests.
{"title":"Regeneration Status and Carbon Accumulation Potential in Community Managed Sal (Shorea robusta) Forests of Far-Western Terai Region, Nepal","authors":"Rajeev Joshi, Mandip Pangeni, S. Neupane, N. P. Yadav","doi":"10.17161/eurojecol.v7i1.15005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17161/eurojecol.v7i1.15005","url":null,"abstract":"Regeneration patterns of species population can address climate change by adaptive evolution or by migrating association to survival in their favorable climate and finally decide the particular forest future. This research examined the status of regeneration and carbon sequestration potential in tropical Sal (Shorea robusta) forest of Kanchanpur district, Nepal. For the study, a total of 63 concentric sample plots were investigated by using systematic sampling with 0.5% sampling intensity. Regeneration status of forest was estimated by calculating the density of each species in each developmental phase. The above-ground carbon stock of trees species were estimated using allometric equations. The studied forests had good regeneration status and Shorea robusta was the dominant species in terms of regeneration and carbon stock. Ramnagar community forest had greater number of seedling, sapling and tree than that of the Ganesh community forest. Reverse J-shaped population curves were recorded at both the study sites. This study provided information about the regeneration status, structure, composition and carbon sequestration potential of tree species which is very necessary for conservation and sustainable management of community forests. Studies indicate that community management has increased the carbon stock of forests and also has promoted the productivity of forests by altering the structure and composition of the community forests.","PeriodicalId":37280,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Ecology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41995906","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-04-06DOI: 10.17161/EUROJECOL.V7I1.14749
Georges Maxime Lamy Lamy
Background In Africa, the Detarium microcarpum Guill. & Perr. species is extremely important culturally, ecologically and socio-economically. This importance has led to its over-exploitation leading to an in situ rarity of its individuals. As a consequence, a conservation alert is increasingly reported across the continent due to the risk of extinction of this multipurpose plant. Unfortunately, indicators of regeneration and conservation guidelines for this species have been not developped yet. The objective was to evaluate the habitat, population distribution, dendrometric characteristics and structure of the plant which are indicators of regeneration in Cameroon. Methodology A floristic inventory as well as the vegetation transect method was used in the villages Def, Karna Manga and Karna Petel located in Adamawa, Cameroon. Results A total of 109 individuals of the plant were counted with a density of 3.5 individuals per hectare. No plant individuals regenerated in human-controlled habitats (bush fields and home gardens). Population distribution, companion species (Bombax costatum, Piliostigma thonningii and Terminalia macroptera) more recurrent, species of the family Caesalpiniaceae in majority, dendrometric characteristics with a significant difference (P ˂ 0.05) between sites, horizontal and vertical structures although all significant at Karna Manga, showed site-specific patterns. Conclusion The regeneration indicators (habitat, population distribution, structure and dendrometric characteristics: crown diameter, diameter at breast height, height of the first large living branch and tree height) showed that conservation in situ requires accounting for local, site-specific conditions. For the continuation, the less expensive domestication techniques specific to the plant are recommended.
{"title":"Regeneration indicators of Detarium microcarpum Guill. & Perl. in the Mbe plain of the Adamawa, Cameroon","authors":"Georges Maxime Lamy Lamy","doi":"10.17161/EUROJECOL.V7I1.14749","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17161/EUROJECOL.V7I1.14749","url":null,"abstract":"Background In Africa, the Detarium microcarpum Guill. & Perr. species is extremely important culturally, ecologically and socio-economically. This importance has led to its over-exploitation leading to an in situ rarity of its individuals. As a consequence, a conservation alert is increasingly reported across the continent due to the risk of extinction of this multipurpose plant. Unfortunately, indicators of regeneration and conservation guidelines for this species have been not developped yet. The objective was to evaluate the habitat, population distribution, dendrometric characteristics and structure of the plant which are indicators of regeneration in Cameroon. \u0000Methodology A floristic inventory as well as the vegetation transect method was used in the villages Def, Karna Manga and Karna Petel located in Adamawa, Cameroon. \u0000Results A total of 109 individuals of the plant were counted with a density of 3.5 individuals per hectare. No plant individuals regenerated in human-controlled habitats (bush fields and home gardens). Population distribution, companion species (Bombax costatum, Piliostigma thonningii and Terminalia macroptera) more recurrent, species of the family Caesalpiniaceae in majority, dendrometric characteristics with a significant difference (P ˂ 0.05) between sites, horizontal and vertical structures although all significant at Karna Manga, showed site-specific patterns. \u0000Conclusion The regeneration indicators (habitat, population distribution, structure and dendrometric characteristics: crown diameter, diameter at breast height, height of the first large living branch and tree height) showed that conservation in situ requires accounting for local, site-specific conditions. For the continuation, the less expensive domestication techniques specific to the plant are recommended. ","PeriodicalId":37280,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Ecology","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42204499","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-11DOI: 10.17161/EUROJECOL.V6I2.13802
Maxwell C. Obiakara, P. M. Etaware, K. S. Chukwuka
Background: Phytophthora megakarya is an invasive pathogen endemic to Central and West Africa. This species causes the most devastating form of black pod disease. Despite the deleterious impacts of this disease on cocoa production, there is no information on the geographic distribution of P. megakarya. Aim: In this study, we investigated the potential geographic distribution of P. megakarya in cocoa-producing regions of the world using ecological niche modelling. Methods: Occurrence records of P. megakarya in Central and West Africa were compiled from published studies. We selected relevant climatic and edaphic predictor variables in the indigenous range of this species to generate 14 datasets of climate-only, soil-only, and a combination of both data types. For each dataset, we calibrated 100 candidate MaxEnt models using 20 regularisation multiplier values and five feature classes. The best model was selected from statistically significant candidates with an omission rate ≤ 5% and the lowest Akaike Information Criterion corrected for small sample sizes, and projected onto cocoa-producing regions in Southeast Asia, Central and South America. The risk of extrapolation in model transfer was measured using the mobility-oriented parity (MOP) metric. Results: We found an optimal goodness-of-fit and complexity for candidate models incorporating both climate and soil data. Predictions of the model with the best performance showed that nearly all of Central Africa, especially areas in Gabon, Equatorial Guinea, and southern Cameroon are at risk of black pod disease. In West Africa, suitable environments were observed along the Atlantic coast, from southern Nigeria to Gambia. Our analysis suggested that P. megakarya is capable of subsisting outside its native range, at least in terms of climatic and edaphic factors. Model projections identified likely suitable areas, especially in Brazil and Colombia, from southwestern Mexico down to Panama, and across the Caribbean islands in the Americas, and in Sri Lanka, Indonesia, Malaysia, and Papua New Guinea in Asia and adjacent areas Conclusion: The outcomes of this study would be useful for developing measures aimed at preventing the spread of this pathogen in the tropics.
{"title":"Maximum Entropy Niche Modelling to Estimate the Potential Distribution of Phytophthora megakarya (Brasier & M. J. Griffin) in Tropical Regions","authors":"Maxwell C. Obiakara, P. M. Etaware, K. S. Chukwuka","doi":"10.17161/EUROJECOL.V6I2.13802","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17161/EUROJECOL.V6I2.13802","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Phytophthora megakarya is an invasive pathogen endemic to Central and West Africa. This species causes the most devastating form of black pod disease. Despite the deleterious impacts of this disease on cocoa production, there is no information on the geographic distribution of P. megakarya. \u0000Aim: In this study, we investigated the potential geographic distribution of P. megakarya in cocoa-producing regions of the world using ecological niche modelling. \u0000Methods: Occurrence records of P. megakarya in Central and West Africa were compiled from published studies. We selected relevant climatic and edaphic predictor variables in the indigenous range of this species to generate 14 datasets of climate-only, soil-only, and a combination of both data types. For each dataset, we calibrated 100 candidate MaxEnt models using 20 regularisation multiplier values and five feature classes. The best model was selected from statistically significant candidates with an omission rate ≤ 5% and the lowest Akaike Information Criterion corrected for small sample sizes, and projected onto cocoa-producing regions in Southeast Asia, Central and South America. The risk of extrapolation in model transfer was measured using the mobility-oriented parity (MOP) metric. \u0000Results: We found an optimal goodness-of-fit and complexity for candidate models incorporating both climate and soil data. Predictions of the model with the best performance showed that nearly all of Central Africa, especially areas in Gabon, Equatorial Guinea, and southern Cameroon are at risk of black pod disease. In West Africa, suitable environments were observed along the Atlantic coast, from southern Nigeria to Gambia. Our analysis suggested that P. megakarya is capable of subsisting outside its native range, at least in terms of climatic and edaphic factors. Model projections identified likely suitable areas, especially in Brazil and Colombia, from southwestern Mexico down to Panama, and across the Caribbean islands in the Americas, and in Sri Lanka, Indonesia, Malaysia, and Papua New Guinea in Asia and adjacent areas \u0000Conclusion: The outcomes of this study would be useful for developing measures aimed at preventing the spread of this pathogen in the tropics.","PeriodicalId":37280,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Ecology","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67514372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-31DOI: 10.17161/EUROJECOL.V6I2.13474
D. Spennemann, Melissa Pike, W. Robinson
In many countries, Canary Islands Date Palms (Phoenix canariensis) have escaped their horticulturally managed settings and have commenced to colonise surrounding natural bushland. While dispersed by various vectors, both birds and canids such as foxes, fluctuating environmental conditions may inhibit germination in the season of deposition. The potential of old, previous season’s seeds to germinate when conditions turn favourable has direct implications on the plant’s ability to establish viable, colonising populations. Nothing is known about the ability of older, previous season’s seeds to successfully germinate. Based in experimental data, this paper shows that that the seeds of Phoenix canariensis exhibit both substantial inter-specimen and inter-seasonal variations in their germination potential. The observed variability is caused by the high genetic diversity inherent in a given palm population, as well as by range of environmental factors. At the present stage it is impossible to separate these two. Directions for further research are outlined.
{"title":"Germination rates of old and fresh seeds and their implications on invasiveness of the ornamental Canary Islands date palm (Phoenix canariensis)","authors":"D. Spennemann, Melissa Pike, W. Robinson","doi":"10.17161/EUROJECOL.V6I2.13474","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17161/EUROJECOL.V6I2.13474","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000In many countries, Canary Islands Date Palms (Phoenix canariensis) have escaped their horticulturally managed settings and have commenced to colonise surrounding natural bushland. While dispersed by various vectors, both birds and canids such as foxes, fluctuating environmental conditions may inhibit germination in the season of deposition. The potential of old, previous season’s seeds to germinate when conditions turn favourable has direct implications on the plant’s ability to establish viable, colonising populations. Nothing is known about the ability of older, previous season’s seeds to successfully germinate. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Based in experimental data, this paper shows that that the seeds of Phoenix canariensis exhibit both substantial inter-specimen and inter-seasonal variations in their germination potential. The observed variability is caused by the high genetic diversity inherent in a given palm population, as well as by range of environmental factors. At the present stage it is impossible to separate these two. Directions for further research are outlined. \u0000","PeriodicalId":37280,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Ecology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44754387","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-31DOI: 10.17161/EUROJECOL.V6I2.14788
Betleja Jacek, Ł. Jankowiak, T. Sparks, P. Tryjanowski
How high do birds fly above roads, and how do they use the road infrastructure (bridges, lampposts etc.)? These questions are rarely explored in ecological studies but were addressed by us during research in 2016–2018 in southern Poland. In total, 1665 individual birds belonging to 24 species were recorded. Species differed significantly in the height at which they crossed over roads, but about 30% of all crossings were at heights below 12 m, hence at potential collision heights. The proportion of birds perching on lampposts in the central reservation between carriageways also differed significantly between species. The surrounding landscape and road infrastructure, especially lampposts, modified the species composition associated with roads. This knowledge has practical importance, not only in regard to collisions, but also to much less studied aspects such as plant seed dispersal and/or corrosion of the infrastructure. Lampposts, as a taller component of the infrastructure, may not directly affect vehicle-bird collisions, but a flight to them may be a risky business, and we recommended higher lampposts to discourage low-level flights. This information may need to be incorporated into future studies on road ecology, as well as in mitigation programs.
{"title":"Birds crossing over roads: species, flight heights and infrastructure use","authors":"Betleja Jacek, Ł. Jankowiak, T. Sparks, P. Tryjanowski","doi":"10.17161/EUROJECOL.V6I2.14788","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17161/EUROJECOL.V6I2.14788","url":null,"abstract":"How high do birds fly above roads, and how do they use the road infrastructure (bridges, lampposts etc.)? These questions are rarely explored in ecological studies but were addressed by us during research in 2016–2018 in southern Poland. In total, 1665 individual birds belonging to 24 species were recorded. Species differed significantly in the height at which they crossed over roads, but about 30% of all crossings were at heights below 12 m, hence at potential collision heights. The proportion of birds perching on lampposts in the central reservation between carriageways also differed significantly between species. The surrounding landscape and road infrastructure, especially lampposts, modified the species composition associated with roads. This knowledge has practical importance, not only in regard to collisions, but also to much less studied aspects such as plant seed dispersal and/or corrosion of the infrastructure. Lampposts, as a taller component of the infrastructure, may not directly affect vehicle-bird collisions, but a flight to them may be a risky business, and we recommended higher lampposts to discourage low-level flights. This information may need to be incorporated into future studies on road ecology, as well as in mitigation programs.","PeriodicalId":37280,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Ecology","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41432267","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-31DOI: 10.17161/EUROJECOL.V6I2.14669
K. Baziz, R. Maougal, Abdelkader Amroune
This study carried out in the Aures region (Algeria) between September 2018 and March 2019, allowed us to identify spontaneous plants used in the region and gather all the information concerning the therapeutic practices of the local population. Based on a series of ethnobotanical surveys, we have identified 112 medicinal species belonging to 49 families, of which Asteraceae, Poaceae, Lamiaceae, Fabaceae, Amaranthaceae and Cupressaceae are the most represented. The leaves were the most used plant parts (28.86%), and the decoction (37.68%) represents the most frequently used mode of preparation. In addition, the remedies were prepared essentially from single species (81.15%) and were used mainly in the treatment of digestive disorders (23.99%). The study has also shown that women, married people, the elderly and illiterates people had the better knowledge of the use of medicinal plants. These results indicate that local population has a fairly deep empirical and traditional knowledge of phytotherapy. However, this knowledge is endangered mainly because of the mode of transmission which is based on oral tradition and an urgent transcription is needed to avoid the loss of this heritage.
{"title":"An ethnobotanical survey of spontaneous plants used in traditional medicine in the region of Aures, Algeria","authors":"K. Baziz, R. Maougal, Abdelkader Amroune","doi":"10.17161/EUROJECOL.V6I2.14669","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17161/EUROJECOL.V6I2.14669","url":null,"abstract":"This study carried out in the Aures region (Algeria) between September 2018 and March 2019, allowed us to identify spontaneous plants used in the region and gather all the information concerning the therapeutic practices of the local population. Based on a series of ethnobotanical surveys, we have identified 112 medicinal species belonging to 49 families, of which Asteraceae, Poaceae, Lamiaceae, Fabaceae, Amaranthaceae and Cupressaceae are the most represented. The leaves were the most used plant parts (28.86%), and the decoction (37.68%) represents the most frequently used mode of preparation. In addition, the remedies were prepared essentially from single species (81.15%) and were used mainly in the treatment of digestive disorders (23.99%). The study has also shown that women, married people, the elderly and illiterates people had the better knowledge of the use of medicinal plants. \u0000These results indicate that local population has a fairly deep empirical and traditional knowledge of phytotherapy. However, this knowledge is endangered mainly because of the mode of transmission which is based on oral tradition and an urgent transcription is needed to avoid the loss of this heritage.","PeriodicalId":37280,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Ecology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47564698","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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