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2021 IEEE International Conference on Mechatronics (ICM)最新文献

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Effect of insulating liquid on thrust force of a synchronous electrostatic film actuator 绝缘液对同步静电薄膜作动器推力的影响
Pub Date : 2021-03-07 DOI: 10.1109/ICM46511.2021.9385664
M. Osada, F. Carneiro, Guangwei Zhang, Shunsuke Yoshimoto, A. Yamamoto
Electrostatic film actuators, which are flexible and light-weight linear motors, can possibly realize safe contact between the robot and environments, if adopted for robots. However, the electrostatic film motors have suffered from a technical issue caused by insulating liquid. To generate large force, the actuator must be immersed in insulating liquid. Lower viscosity has been preferred for the liquid, but such liquid can more easily volatilize and causes maintenance problems. To utilize highly-viscous liquid with lower volatility, this paper investigates how highly-viscous liquid affects the thrust force performance. Three silicone oils with different viscosities, as well as one insulating liquid (Fluorinert FC-770 (3M)), were compared in several different conditions. From our analysis, although high viscosity can degrades the force performance due to drag, the results suggested that the highly-viscous oil in the gap was moved by electrostatic force, and thus the viscosity does not always degrade the thrust force. It was also confirmed that in some particular conditions, the use of highly-viscous oil can even enhance the thrust force. On the other hand, highly-viscous oil degrades the backdrivability of the actuator while it is at rest, meaning that there is a trade-off between the force enhancement, volatility, and backdrivability.
静电薄膜作动器是一种柔性、轻便的直线电机,如果应用于机器人,可以实现机器人与环境的安全接触。然而,静电薄膜电机一直受到绝缘液体引起的技术问题的困扰。为了产生较大的力,执行机构必须浸入绝缘液体中。较低的粘度一直是首选的液体,但这样的液体更容易挥发,造成维护问题。为了利用低挥发性的高粘性液体,研究了高粘性液体对推力性能的影响。在几种不同的条件下,比较了三种不同粘度的硅油和一种绝缘液体(氟化FC-770 (3M))。从我们的分析来看,虽然高粘度会由于阻力而降低力的性能,但结果表明,间隙中的高粘度油是由静电力移动的,因此粘度并不一定会降低推力。研究还证实,在某些特殊条件下,使用高粘度油甚至可以提高推力。另一方面,当执行器处于静止状态时,高粘度油会降低执行器的反驱动性,这意味着在力增强、波动性和反驱动性之间存在权衡。
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引用次数: 1
Stable Gait Generation on a Low Friction Road Surface by Making Impact Posture Asymmetric 基于非对称冲击姿态的低摩擦路面稳定步态生成
Pub Date : 2021-03-07 DOI: 10.1109/ICM46511.2021.9385702
Donggyun Jung, F. Asano
This paper introduces the telescopic-legged model, which can generate stable walking gait on a low friction road surface by making asymmetric impact posture. First, we introduce an 8-DOF telescopic-legged model, and describe the equation of motion and design a control system. Second, we investigate the possibility of stable gait generation on a low friction road surface with changes the target control period and the impact posture. Third, we analyze the performance of the converged walking and the pattern of gait generation by changing impact posture. Finally, we discuss the results and future works.
本文介绍了一种伸缩式腿模型,该模型通过非对称冲击姿态在低摩擦路面上产生稳定的行走步态。首先,介绍了一种8自由度伸缩式机器人模型,描述了其运动方程,设计了控制系统。其次,研究了在低摩擦路面上改变目标控制周期和冲击姿态生成稳定步态的可能性。第三,分析了融合步行的性能和通过改变冲击姿态生成步态的模式。最后,对研究结果和未来工作进行了讨论。
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引用次数: 0
Hierarchical Gait Generation for Modular Robots Using Deep Reinforcement Learning 基于深度强化学习的模块化机器人分层步态生成
Pub Date : 2021-03-07 DOI: 10.1109/ICM46511.2021.9385659
Jiayu Wang, Chuxiong Hu, Yu Zhu
Modular robots have the ability to perform versatile locomotion with a high diversity of morphologies. However, designing robust locomotion gaits for arbitrary robot morphologies remains exceptionally challenging. In this paper, a two-level hierarchical locomotion framework is presented for addressing modular robot locomotion tasks. The framework combines a central pattern generator controller (CPG) with a neural network trained by deep reinforcement learning. First, the low-level CPG controllers are learned by offline optimization and generate robust straight walking gaits. Second, a high-level neural network is then learned using deep reinforcement learning via trial-and-errors. The high-level learned controller can modulate the low-level CPG parameters based on online inputs including robot states and user commands. Simulation experiments are employed on a 3D modular robot. The results show that the proposed method achieves better overall performance than the baseline methods on different locomotion skills including straight walking, velocity tracking, and circular turning. Simulation results confirm the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed method.
模块化机器人具有形态多样性高的多用途运动能力。然而,为任意形态的机器人设计健壮的运动步态仍然是非常具有挑战性的。针对模块化机器人的运动任务,提出了一种两级分层运动框架。该框架将中央模式生成控制器(CPG)与深度强化学习训练的神经网络相结合。首先,通过离线优化学习低级CPG控制器,生成鲁棒的直线行走步态。其次,通过试错法使用深度强化学习来学习高级神经网络。高级学习控制器可以根据在线输入(包括机器人状态和用户命令)调制低级CPG参数。在三维模块化机器人上进行了仿真实验。结果表明,该方法在直线行走、速度跟踪和圆周转弯等不同运动技能上的综合性能优于基线方法。仿真结果验证了该方法的有效性和鲁棒性。
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引用次数: 0
Modeling and Control of Stable Limit Cycle Walking on Floating Island 浮岛上稳定极限环行走建模与控制
Pub Date : 2021-03-07 DOI: 10.1109/ICM46511.2021.9385689
F. Asano
This paper discusses modeling of a legged robot for stable limit cycle walking on a floating island and motion control method focusing on its center of mass (COM). First, we develop a mathematical model that integrates a 6-DOF robot and a floating island, and design the control input for achieving output following. Second, we conduct a test simulation by using simple desired trajectories of the COM, and discuss the problem with undesirable behavior of the generated ground reaction forces. Furthermore, we introduce fifth-order functions of time to smoothly control the COM motion and generate the preferred resultant behavior of the ground reaction forces.
讨论了浮岛稳定极限环行走腿机器人的建模和以质心为中心的运动控制方法。首先,我们建立了一个集成六自由度机器人和浮岛的数学模型,并设计了实现输出跟随的控制输入。其次,我们使用COM的简单期望轨迹进行了测试模拟,并讨论了产生的地面反作用力的不良行为问题。此外,我们还引入了五阶时间函数来平滑控制COM运动,并产生了地面反作用力的优选综合行为。
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引用次数: 3
Admittance Control-based Bilateral Control System Considering Position Error 基于导纳控制的考虑位置误差双边控制系统
Pub Date : 2021-03-07 DOI: 10.1109/ICM46511.2021.9385683
S. Kimura, T. Nozaki, T. Murakami
This paper proposes a bilateral control system implementing an admittance control system. Bilateral control system realizes teleoperation of a remote robot with a sense of touch. We focus on an admittance-based bilateral control system, which needs only two communication channels and has almost the same control performance as an acceleration-based bilateral control system, which is one of the highest transparent teleoperation systems. However, the conventional admittance-based system assumes an ideal communication situation where there is no communication time delay and no packet loss and has possible to increase position error as time goes on in practical use. The proposed admittance-based system achieves the same control performance as the conventional structure without increasing position error even if there is a communication delay. The validity of the proposed system is confirmed through simulations and experiments.
本文提出了一种实现导纳控制系统的双边控制系统。双侧控制系统实现了遥控机器人的触觉遥控操作。本文研究了一种基于导纳的双向控制系统,该系统只需要两个通信通道,并且具有与基于加速度的双向控制系统几乎相同的控制性能,是目前透明度最高的远程操作系统之一。然而,传统的基于导纳的系统假设了一种理想的通信情况,即没有通信时延和丢包,并且在实际使用中有可能随着时间的推移而增加位置误差。所提出的基于导纳的系统在不增加位置误差的情况下,即使存在通信延迟,也能达到与传统结构相同的控制性能。通过仿真和实验验证了该系统的有效性。
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引用次数: 3
Force restrained control to extend flexibility of trajectory planning 力约束控制提高了轨迹规划的灵活性
Pub Date : 2021-03-07 DOI: 10.1109/ICM46511.2021.9385600
Toshihiro Ueki, S. Sakaino, T. Tsuji
Force restraint in contact-rich tasks with robots is vital in order to avoid breaking objects. Impedance/admittance controls are effective for achieving the restraint; however, they require adjustment of the kinematic impedance, which may induce instability. We proposed a force restrain method while PD controller is used for avoiding unstable robot behavior. This method alters position command in case the robot may give extreme force which leads to damaging objects. This method expands the trajectory planning and motion generation area practically because it can be executed under the condition that the controller autonomously restrains excessive force. To examine the effectiveness of the proposed method, we experimented with contact and detach motion in 1- and 2- DoF translational directions.
在与机器人接触较多的任务中,力约束是避免破坏物体的关键。阻抗/导纳控制是实现约束的有效方法;然而,它们需要调整运动阻抗,这可能会导致不稳定。在PD控制器的基础上,提出了一种力约束方法来避免机器人的不稳定行为。这种方法改变了位置指令,以防机器人可能会施加极大的力,导致损坏物体。该方法可以在控制器自主约束过强的情况下执行,扩大了轨迹规划和运动生成的范围。为了验证该方法的有效性,我们在一自由度和二自由度平移方向上进行了接触和分离运动实验。
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引用次数: 0
Smart Adaptronic Thermal Management System Designs for The Li-ion Battery Packs 锂离子电池组的智能热管理系统设计
Pub Date : 2021-03-07 DOI: 10.1109/ICM46511.2021.9385607
Mohammad Joula, S. Dilibal, J. Owusu-Danquah
Li-ion battery packs are used in varied industrial fields, such as automotive, drone, and e-bike industries. Low temperature insulation and high temperature heat conduction are required for an ideal thermal management of battery pack. In this study, an autonomous system design is developed for a smart adaptronic Battery Thermal Management System (BTMS). We proposed two different nickel-titanium (NiTi) shape memory alloy (SMA)-actuated smart adaptronic BTMSs. The actuation strain of the system is examined using a computational NiTi shape memory alloy model for material selection. The model results showed that an actuation strain of 3.8 % can be obtained for the operating temperatures range between 15°C and 80 °C. The model results is used to unveil the required properties of NiTi SMA wire. The proposed adaptronic BTMS design solutions can create competitive advantages with their compact, low-cost, and lightweight structures in industry.
锂离子电池组用于各种工业领域,如汽车、无人机、电动自行车行业。理想的电池组热管理需要低温绝缘和高温导热。本研究针对智能自适应电池热管理系统(BTMS)进行自主系统设计。我们提出了两种不同的镍钛(NiTi)形状记忆合金(SMA)驱动的智能自适应电子btms。采用计算NiTi形状记忆合金模型对系统的驱动应变进行了检测,以供材料选择。模型结果表明,在15 ~ 80℃的工作温度范围内,驱动应变为3.8%。模型结果用于揭示NiTi SMA丝所需的性能。所提出的自适应BTMS设计解决方案具有紧凑、低成本和轻量化的结构,可以在工业中创造竞争优势。
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引用次数: 0
Control Performance Improvement of Excitation System with Active Magnetic Bearing for Measurement of Rotordynamic Forces 转子动力测量用主动磁轴承励磁系统控制性能的改进
Pub Date : 2021-03-07 DOI: 10.1109/ICM46511.2021.9385667
S. Yabui, H. Inoue, T. Inoue
In electrical plants, rotating machines have to maintain power supply for our life. Rotating machines such as turbines are main component of the electrical plants. Stability performance of the rotating machines is important design point. Rotordynamic force influences the stability performance, and the rotordynamic forces should be evaluated in the development. Theoretical analysis is difficult to evaluate the rotordynamic forces accurately, because the characteristic is complex due to coupling with mechanical and fluid dynamics. On the other hand, direct measurement of rotordynamic forces has a problem, because the measurement condition, namely the rotating speed, the whirling orbit of a rotor is difficult to realize in a test bench. This study proposes a control system to improve the performance of a active magnetic bearing in the test bench. The control system can realize the measurement condition accurately, and the rotordynamic forces can be measured at various frequencies simultaneously. In the feasibility study, the measured rotordynamic forces by using the proposed control system were matched to the simulation data.
在发电厂,旋转的机器必须为我们的生活提供电力。像涡轮机这样的旋转机器是发电厂的主要组成部分。旋转机械的稳定性能是重要的设计要点。旋转动力影响着飞机的稳定性能,在研制过程中需要对旋转动力进行评估。由于转子动力特性与机械动力学和流体动力学耦合复杂,理论分析难以准确地评价转子动力。另一方面,直接测量转子动力存在一个问题,因为测量条件,即转速,转子的旋转轨道难以在试验台上实现。为提高试验台主动磁轴承的性能,提出了一种控制系统。该控制系统能准确地实现测量条件,并能同时测量不同频率下的转子动态力。在可行性研究中,利用所提出的控制系统测量的旋转动力与仿真数据相匹配。
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引用次数: 0
Feedforward Control Design Methodology for a Crane System with Restrictions on Drive System 具有驱动系统约束的起重机前馈控制设计方法
Pub Date : 2021-03-07 DOI: 10.1109/ICM46511.2021.9385673
Kosuke Matsui, H. Kajiwara, S. Ishigaki
In this paper, a sway control algorithm is proposed, which can be implemented in a crane system where the acceleration cannot be controlled continuously due to restrictions on the trolley drive system. Our algorithm approximates the feedforward (FF) control input by means of the time-polynomial method (FFT) using the PWM control input, and recalculates the FFT control input with a constant period so that the residual sway is suppressed. This algorithm is called the “Update type FF control using the time-polynomial method (UFFT).” The effectiveness of the UFFT algorithm is verified through multi-degree-of-freedom rigid body simulations, and it is confirmed that the residual sway is suppressed by increasing the update frequency of the FF control input.
本文提出了一种摇摆控制算法,该算法可用于起重机系统中由于小车驱动系统的限制而无法实现加速度连续控制的情况。我们的算法通过使用PWM控制输入的时间多项式方法(FFT)逼近前馈(FF)控制输入,并以恒定周期重新计算FFT控制输入,从而抑制残余摆动。这种算法被称为“使用时间多项式方法(UFFT)的更新型FF控制”。通过多自由度刚体仿真验证了UFFT算法的有效性,并证实了通过增加FF控制输入的更新频率可以抑制残余摆动。
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引用次数: 0
MPC-based Path Following Design for Automated Vehicles with Rear Wheel Steering 基于mpc的自动后轮转向车辆路径跟踪设计
Pub Date : 2021-03-07 DOI: 10.1109/ICM46511.2021.9385606
Chuanyang Yu, Yanggu Zheng, Barys Shyrokau, Valentin Ivanov
Many studies have been recently exploited to discuss the path following control algorithms for automated vehicles using various control techniques. However, path following algorithm considering the possibility of automated vehicles with rear wheel steering (RWS) is still less investigated. In this study, we implemented nonlinear model predictive control (NMPC) on a passenger vehicle with active RWS for path following. The controller was compared to two other variations of NMPC where the rear steering angle is proportional to the front or fixed to zero. Simulation results suggested that the proposed controller outperforms the other two variations and the baseline controllers (Stanley and LQR) in terms of accuracy and responsiveness.
近年来,许多研究利用各种控制技术来讨论自动驾驶车辆的路径跟踪控制算法。然而,考虑到具有后轮转向(RWS)的自动驾驶汽车的可能性的路径跟踪算法的研究仍然较少。在本研究中,我们对具有主动RWS的乘用车进行了非线性模型预测控制(NMPC)。将控制器与NMPC的另外两种变化进行比较,其中后转向角与前转向角成正比或固定为零。仿真结果表明,所提出的控制器在精度和响应性方面优于其他两种变量和基准控制器(Stanley和LQR)。
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引用次数: 9
期刊
2021 IEEE International Conference on Mechatronics (ICM)
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