Fikadu Kitaba Tola, Mezgebu Senbeto Duguma, Dawit Samuel, Regassa Terefe, Mekonnen H. Daba
Alley cropping is a production system that combines the elements of agriculture with that of trees/shrubs, and offers many potential benefits for Africa’s small-scale farmers. The objectives of this study were to test the impact of alley cropping of Calliandra calothyrsus when integrated with inorganic fertilizers within maize production and to evaluate the effect of Calliandra calothyrsus alley cropping on soil fertility. The study was conducted at Bako Agricultural Research Center for four consecutive years from 2016 to 2019. A total of 6 treatments were used by RCBD arrangement with 3 replications. Grain yield and yield component parameters of maize BH-661 were collected and analyzed. Composite soil samples from 0-15cm depth before sowing and after harvesting each year were collected and analyzed. The maize grain yield results showed a slight variation across the year, which might be due to the effects of Calliandra calothyrsus alley cropping which can directly contribute to improving soil fertility. LA and LAI had significant effects on the sole maize treatment with recommended fertilizer where the mean of trend showed the highest grain yield in quintals per hectare. According to the results of soil samples analysis the soil pH in the study site belonged to strongly acidic whereas, after the implementation of the experiment the availability of OC and OM slightly increased, across the treatments. The results of exchangeable bases (Ca and Mg) also showed some variations among the treatments throughout the implementation period. Finally, we recommend that, Calliandra calothyrsus alley cropping with maize production can be considered as part of conservation agriculture so that mono-cropping will be substituted with diversified and multipurpose farming systems
{"title":"Role of Calliandra Calothyrsus Alley Cropping for Soil Fertility and Maize Production at Bako, Western Oromia","authors":"Fikadu Kitaba Tola, Mezgebu Senbeto Duguma, Dawit Samuel, Regassa Terefe, Mekonnen H. Daba","doi":"10.37284/eajfa.7.1.2091","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37284/eajfa.7.1.2091","url":null,"abstract":"Alley cropping is a production system that combines the elements of agriculture with that of trees/shrubs, and offers many potential benefits for Africa’s small-scale farmers. The objectives of this study were to test the impact of alley cropping of Calliandra calothyrsus when integrated with inorganic fertilizers within maize production and to evaluate the effect of Calliandra calothyrsus alley cropping on soil fertility. The study was conducted at Bako Agricultural Research Center for four consecutive years from 2016 to 2019. A total of 6 treatments were used by RCBD arrangement with 3 replications. Grain yield and yield component parameters of maize BH-661 were collected and analyzed. Composite soil samples from 0-15cm depth before sowing and after harvesting each year were collected and analyzed. The maize grain yield results showed a slight variation across the year, which might be due to the effects of Calliandra calothyrsus alley cropping which can directly contribute to improving soil fertility. LA and LAI had significant effects on the sole maize treatment with recommended fertilizer where the mean of trend showed the highest grain yield in quintals per hectare. According to the results of soil samples analysis the soil pH in the study site belonged to strongly acidic whereas, after the implementation of the experiment the availability of OC and OM slightly increased, across the treatments. The results of exchangeable bases (Ca and Mg) also showed some variations among the treatments throughout the implementation period. Finally, we recommend that, Calliandra calothyrsus alley cropping with maize production can be considered as part of conservation agriculture so that mono-cropping will be substituted with diversified and multipurpose farming systems","PeriodicalId":373486,"journal":{"name":"East African Journal of Forestry and Agroforestry","volume":"28 16","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141927051","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Agroforestry is often defined as a practice that provides multiple economic, social, and ecological benefits. It is a novel approach that can safeguard agricultural sustainability, provide livelihood opportunities, yield ecological benefits, and contribute to household food security. However, comprehensive studies on the socio-ecological contributions of agroforestry are limited due to a lack of evidence. Therefore, a comprehensive review was conducted to analyze and compile various fragmented findings into one cohesive piece of evidence. The review utilized both qualitative and quantitative approaches to explore the socio-economic and ecological components of agroforestry. The findings revealed that there are different integration levels of tree components with crops or livestock within the three agroforestry systems (agrosilvopastoral, silvopastoral, and agrisilvicultural). Dominant agroforestry practices in various regions of Ethiopia include home gardens, hedgerows, intercropping, perennial tree-crop systems, woodlots, scattered trees on farms, and parkland agroforestry. Agroforestry provides socioeconomic benefits through timber and non-timber tree products, as well as improved crop yields compared to monocrops. Additionally, agroforestry plays a role in soil and water management, carbon sequestration, deforestation reduction, and biodiversity preservation. The review indicated that agroforestry can store 61-85% or 2.1-115.7 Mg of carbon per hectare. Various socio-economic, institutional, and biophysical factors influence different agroforestry practices. The review results suggest that policymakers and extension agents should consider these contextual factors and potential benefits to encourage the wider expansion of agroforestry practices
{"title":"Review on Socio-Ecological Contribution of Agroforestry Practices in Ethiopia","authors":"Gonche Girma","doi":"10.37284/eajfa.7.1.2060","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37284/eajfa.7.1.2060","url":null,"abstract":"Agroforestry is often defined as a practice that provides multiple economic, social, and ecological benefits. It is a novel approach that can safeguard agricultural sustainability, provide livelihood opportunities, yield ecological benefits, and contribute to household food security. However, comprehensive studies on the socio-ecological contributions of agroforestry are limited due to a lack of evidence. Therefore, a comprehensive review was conducted to analyze and compile various fragmented findings into one cohesive piece of evidence. The review utilized both qualitative and quantitative approaches to explore the socio-economic and ecological components of agroforestry. The findings revealed that there are different integration levels of tree components with crops or livestock within the three agroforestry systems (agrosilvopastoral, silvopastoral, and agrisilvicultural). Dominant agroforestry practices in various regions of Ethiopia include home gardens, hedgerows, intercropping, perennial tree-crop systems, woodlots, scattered trees on farms, and parkland agroforestry. Agroforestry provides socioeconomic benefits through timber and non-timber tree products, as well as improved crop yields compared to monocrops. Additionally, agroforestry plays a role in soil and water management, carbon sequestration, deforestation reduction, and biodiversity preservation. The review indicated that agroforestry can store 61-85% or 2.1-115.7 Mg of carbon per hectare. Various socio-economic, institutional, and biophysical factors influence different agroforestry practices. The review results suggest that policymakers and extension agents should consider these contextual factors and potential benefits to encourage the wider expansion of agroforestry practices","PeriodicalId":373486,"journal":{"name":"East African Journal of Forestry and Agroforestry","volume":"31 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141806357","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Stella Gatama, Samson Okoth Ojunga, Meshack Omuono, Mildred Menda, J. Kagombe, George Etind
The Green Economy, a methodology that supports the harmonious interaction between humans and nature, has been gaining attention since 1989. It focuses on alternative energy sources, sustainable agriculture, wildlife protection, and environmental policies. Kenya’s forest cover is below the global minimum of 10%, and deforestation is increasing at a rate of 5,000 hectares per annum. The research aims to enhance opportunities for green economy development in the forestry sector while minimizing challenges and to bridge the gap between Green Economy development and the forestry sector, address weak policy coordination among ministries and government agencies, and compare green economy statuses with related forest policy analysis. The research uses diverse policies to guide green economy practices in the forestry sector, aiming to interlink them and reduce conflicts. The research was conducted within nine counties in the Lake Victoria Basin Region. The results revealed disparities in gender participation across various preferred green economy activities, with women in rural areas being significantly involved in the initiation of community management programs; however, there was a notable gender disparity in the decision-making process, with women only contributing 20.2% compared to the male counterpart with 79.8%. The main sources of funds for green activities are from internal budgets of organizations (36.5%), businesses (19.1%) and contributions from family and chamas (15.9%), all geared towards building the green economy. The research reveals that the green economy reduces Kenya’s natural resource pressure, boosts economic growth, and improves business competitiveness. However, the proportion of different genders in the green economy is undervalued, especially in developing countries. Governments must act to reduce gender inequality in labour markets to ensure the benefits of the green economy are realized. In conclusion, the green economy presents new opportunities for women. Still, they may be deprived of the potential benefits unless governments implement structural reforms to reduce gender inequality in labour markets
{"title":"Gender-Related Dynamics and Factors Influencing Transition to Green Economy Among Rural Communities Within the Forestry Sector","authors":"Stella Gatama, Samson Okoth Ojunga, Meshack Omuono, Mildred Menda, J. Kagombe, George Etind","doi":"10.37284/eajfa.7.1.1982","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37284/eajfa.7.1.1982","url":null,"abstract":"The Green Economy, a methodology that supports the harmonious interaction between humans and nature, has been gaining attention since 1989. It focuses on alternative energy sources, sustainable agriculture, wildlife protection, and environmental policies. Kenya’s forest cover is below the global minimum of 10%, and deforestation is increasing at a rate of 5,000 hectares per annum. The research aims to enhance opportunities for green economy development in the forestry sector while minimizing challenges and to bridge the gap between Green Economy development and the forestry sector, address weak policy coordination among ministries and government agencies, and compare green economy statuses with related forest policy analysis. The research uses diverse policies to guide green economy practices in the forestry sector, aiming to interlink them and reduce conflicts. The research was conducted within nine counties in the Lake Victoria Basin Region. The results revealed disparities in gender participation across various preferred green economy activities, with women in rural areas being significantly involved in the initiation of community management programs; however, there was a notable gender disparity in the decision-making process, with women only contributing 20.2% compared to the male counterpart with 79.8%. The main sources of funds for green activities are from internal budgets of organizations (36.5%), businesses (19.1%) and contributions from family and chamas (15.9%), all geared towards building the green economy. The research reveals that the green economy reduces Kenya’s natural resource pressure, boosts economic growth, and improves business competitiveness. However, the proportion of different genders in the green economy is undervalued, especially in developing countries. Governments must act to reduce gender inequality in labour markets to ensure the benefits of the green economy are realized. In conclusion, the green economy presents new opportunities for women. Still, they may be deprived of the potential benefits unless governments implement structural reforms to reduce gender inequality in labour markets","PeriodicalId":373486,"journal":{"name":"East African Journal of Forestry and Agroforestry","volume":"63 22","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141347042","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mihert Semere, Chala Tadesse, Tesemash Abebe, Abirham Cherinet, Marta Gebreyesus
Agroforestry system (AFS) is described as one of the promising mitigation options for climate change through its high carbon sequestration capacity. This study was conducted in Silite District; Southern Ethiopia to assess the unaccounted carbon stock potential of selected traditional agroforestry systems. The study assessed the carbon stock potential of AFS biomass and soil carbon pools. Biomass and soil samples were taken from temporary plots laid for this study, 20 × 20 m for home garden, 50 × 100 m for parkland, and 10 × 10 m for woodlot AFS. Height (H) and diameter at breast height (DBH) were taken from the sample plots to estimate biomass carbon. Litter, herb, and grass samples were collected from 1 m2 quadrant within the main plot. The findings show that the total biomass carbon ranged from (1.28-7 Mg ha -1) though there was no significant difference among the systems and higher biomass carbon was attributed by parkland AFS while the lowest was woodlot. A significantly higher amount of SOC was recorded in home garden AFS along the two depths (82.5 Mg ha -1) than the other two systems and the lowest was attributed to parkland (41.7 Mg ha -1). Therefore, this traditional AFS should be supported for their contributions in climate change mitigation schemes as they can sequester a reasonable amount of carbon
{"title":"Comparative Carbon Stock Potential of Indigenous Agroforestry Systems in Silte Wereda, Southern Ethiopia","authors":"Mihert Semere, Chala Tadesse, Tesemash Abebe, Abirham Cherinet, Marta Gebreyesus","doi":"10.37284/eajfa.7.1.1868","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37284/eajfa.7.1.1868","url":null,"abstract":"Agroforestry system (AFS) is described as one of the promising mitigation options for climate change through its high carbon sequestration capacity. This study was conducted in Silite District; Southern Ethiopia to assess the unaccounted carbon stock potential of selected traditional agroforestry systems. The study assessed the carbon stock potential of AFS biomass and soil carbon pools. Biomass and soil samples were taken from temporary plots laid for this study, 20 × 20 m for home garden, 50 × 100 m for parkland, and 10 × 10 m for woodlot AFS. Height (H) and diameter at breast height (DBH) were taken from the sample plots to estimate biomass carbon. Litter, herb, and grass samples were collected from 1 m2 quadrant within the main plot. The findings show that the total biomass carbon ranged from (1.28-7 Mg ha -1) though there was no significant difference among the systems and higher biomass carbon was attributed by parkland AFS while the lowest was woodlot. A significantly higher amount of SOC was recorded in home garden AFS along the two depths (82.5 Mg ha -1) than the other two systems and the lowest was attributed to parkland (41.7 Mg ha -1). Therefore, this traditional AFS should be supported for their contributions in climate change mitigation schemes as they can sequester a reasonable amount of carbon","PeriodicalId":373486,"journal":{"name":"East African Journal of Forestry and Agroforestry","volume":"9 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140673902","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Natural forests in Uganda have experienced changes which must be quantified to inform future forest resource management and avoid the danger of reduced ecosystem service benefits. The primary purpose of this study was to assess forest changes in Butambala District by employing remote sensing techniques and GIS tehniques. The original contribution is the capacity to detect Central Forest Reserve cover decline using remote sensing in the study area for a 27-year period (1995-2020). Landsat 5 and Sentinel 2 images were processed using a supervised image classification approach to identify and quantify land use/cover changes. The study results indicated that the district has undergone land cover/use changes over the last 27 years. The prevailing changes in the district from 1995 to 2022 were expansions of built-up areas from (0.54% to 4.22%), agriculture from (42.38% to 79%), and decreases in grassland from (29.9% to 0%), natural forest cover from (14.07% to 5.9%), wetland from (8.24% to 7.9%), tree plantation from (4.87% to 3.3%). The changes threaten the environment and quality of life of people. Therefore, there is need to take critical and practical measures to regulate land use and landcover changes and conserve natural resources in Butambala District
{"title":"The Role of Remote Sensing in Forest Cover Changes in Butambala District, Central Uganda","authors":"Sarah Namayengo, Upton Nuwagira","doi":"10.37284/eajfa.7.1.1827","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37284/eajfa.7.1.1827","url":null,"abstract":"Natural forests in Uganda have experienced changes which must be quantified to inform future forest resource management and avoid the danger of reduced ecosystem service benefits. The primary purpose of this study was to assess forest changes in Butambala District by employing remote sensing techniques and GIS tehniques. The original contribution is the capacity to detect Central Forest Reserve cover decline using remote sensing in the study area for a 27-year period (1995-2020). Landsat 5 and Sentinel 2 images were processed using a supervised image classification approach to identify and quantify land use/cover changes. The study results indicated that the district has undergone land cover/use changes over the last 27 years. The prevailing changes in the district from 1995 to 2022 were expansions of built-up areas from (0.54% to 4.22%), agriculture from (42.38% to 79%), and decreases in grassland from (29.9% to 0%), natural forest cover from (14.07% to 5.9%), wetland from (8.24% to 7.9%), tree plantation from (4.87% to 3.3%). The changes threaten the environment and quality of life of people. Therefore, there is need to take critical and practical measures to regulate land use and landcover changes and conserve natural resources in Butambala District","PeriodicalId":373486,"journal":{"name":"East African Journal of Forestry and Agroforestry","volume":"52 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140236844","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
F. Kyazze, F. Kalanzi, I. Kiyingi, Esther Sebuliba
Mt. Elgon is a unique cross-border afro-montane ecosystem that has always provided vital essential goods and services for human livelihoods. However, with the increasing population density, forest degradation has become a significant issue, resulting in a rise in landslides, mudslides, pest and disease outbreaks, and reduced land productivity. Recently, it has been realized that many smallholder farmers have incorporated trees into their farming systems using indigenous knowledge, indicating their profound knowledge regarding tree use and management has reminded us that farmers have always been privy to much information regarding tree use and management accumulated over the years. This study aims to investigate how smallholder farmers' local practices enhance the use of agroforestry technologies in the eastern highlands of Uganda. This information will help develop and promote agroforestry practices that are acceptable to farmers. The study employed a case study approach, collecting data from 12 smallholder farmers over four months. The results indicate that smallholder farmers use local practices to enhance tree seedling survival, optimize space, and shorten the waiting time for tree-related benefits. Although some of their practices may not align with the desired outcome of farm productivity, further validation is needed to understand how they can be integrated into mainstream agroforestry research and development
{"title":"Smallholder Farmers' Local Practices Underpinning the Use of Agroforestry Technologies in Uganda's Mt. Elgon Region","authors":"F. Kyazze, F. Kalanzi, I. Kiyingi, Esther Sebuliba","doi":"10.37284/eajfa.7.1.1821","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37284/eajfa.7.1.1821","url":null,"abstract":"Mt. Elgon is a unique cross-border afro-montane ecosystem that has always provided vital essential goods and services for human livelihoods. However, with the increasing population density, forest degradation has become a significant issue, resulting in a rise in landslides, mudslides, pest and disease outbreaks, and reduced land productivity. Recently, it has been realized that many smallholder farmers have incorporated trees into their farming systems using indigenous knowledge, indicating their profound knowledge regarding tree use and management has reminded us that farmers have always been privy to much information regarding tree use and management accumulated over the years. This study aims to investigate how smallholder farmers' local practices enhance the use of agroforestry technologies in the eastern highlands of Uganda. This information will help develop and promote agroforestry practices that are acceptable to farmers. The study employed a case study approach, collecting data from 12 smallholder farmers over four months. The results indicate that smallholder farmers use local practices to enhance tree seedling survival, optimize space, and shorten the waiting time for tree-related benefits. Although some of their practices may not align with the desired outcome of farm productivity, further validation is needed to understand how they can be integrated into mainstream agroforestry research and development","PeriodicalId":373486,"journal":{"name":"East African Journal of Forestry and Agroforestry","volume":"25 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140241982","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
For several nations who are developing, forests play a crucial role in rural life. Due to the incredible challenges associated with staff, logistics, and chronological consistency of field-based surveys for forest management, a variety of sources of data obtained by airborne, space-borne, and terrestrial remote sensing sensors are now essential sources of knowledge for studies on the spatiotemporal patterns of forests. Most recently, understanding of forests and their conservation has been derived primarily from satellite imagery. The process of organizing and carrying out procedures for the management and use of forests can be done with the assistance of remote sensing in order to achieve economic, social, cultural, and environmental goals. Satellite remote sensing has been providing ever-more-advanced knowledge about woodland structure, management, monitoring, and oversight whenever the first civilian earth-observing program was launched. This article reviewed the application of remote sensing on forestry. Data were gathered from published research papers, books, internet resources, and expert observation. Remote sensing’s synoptic view, availability in a rage of spatial-temporal scales, high degree of homogeneity, inexpensiveness as well as the increasing trend in availability make it special in forest science. As observed from the review, remote sensing technology is critical in forest management. It helps to provide up to date information on forest cover change, forest fire, forest disturbance, forest wildlife management, forest biomass and others. Remote sensing is vital in providing scientific information in forest resources monitoring and management
{"title":"Relevance of Remote Sensing and its Applications in Forestry. A Critical Review","authors":"Sintayehu Getie, Asabeneh Alemayehu, Antensay Mekoya","doi":"10.37284/eajfa.7.1.1818","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37284/eajfa.7.1.1818","url":null,"abstract":"For several nations who are developing, forests play a crucial role in rural life. Due to the incredible challenges associated with staff, logistics, and chronological consistency of field-based surveys for forest management, a variety of sources of data obtained by airborne, space-borne, and terrestrial remote sensing sensors are now essential sources of knowledge for studies on the spatiotemporal patterns of forests. Most recently, understanding of forests and their conservation has been derived primarily from satellite imagery. The process of organizing and carrying out procedures for the management and use of forests can be done with the assistance of remote sensing in order to achieve economic, social, cultural, and environmental goals. Satellite remote sensing has been providing ever-more-advanced knowledge about woodland structure, management, monitoring, and oversight whenever the first civilian earth-observing program was launched. This article reviewed the application of remote sensing on forestry. Data were gathered from published research papers, books, internet resources, and expert observation. Remote sensing’s synoptic view, availability in a rage of spatial-temporal scales, high degree of homogeneity, inexpensiveness as well as the increasing trend in availability make it special in forest science. As observed from the review, remote sensing technology is critical in forest management. It helps to provide up to date information on forest cover change, forest fire, forest disturbance, forest wildlife management, forest biomass and others. Remote sensing is vital in providing scientific information in forest resources monitoring and management","PeriodicalId":373486,"journal":{"name":"East African Journal of Forestry and Agroforestry","volume":"163 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140247224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Bamboo borer larvae have caused major losses of bamboo cover in natural forests and plantations. Lack of information on the fauna of bamboo trees has been cited as the contributing factor to poor management of bamboo stands. Genetic diversity information helps understand the effects of different fauna in guiding management plans. Genetic diversity information has recently become an important tool in conservation science. This paper aimed to determine the genetic diversity of the bamboo borer larvae in the Mau Forest complex in order to generate information that could guide the management and conservation of bamboo trees (Yushinia Alpina) in the Mau Forest Complex. The mitochondrial C oxidase Subunit 1 (COI) of 12 isolates was sequenced and analyzed. A similarity search of the bamboo borer larvae was carried out using the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) BLAST search to identify the larvae species. The genetic diversity and genetic pairwise distances were determined, and Tajimas D and Nei’s FU Fs statistics were calculated to estimate the population expansion that has occurred. The results showed genetic diversity (haplotype diversity 0.956) in the bamboo borer larvae population of the Mau Forest Complex. The nucleotide diversity (0.283) was found to be low. The similarity search showed that the bamboo borer larvae of Yushinia alpina belonged to four (4) species of noctuid larvae (Lepidoptera). The identity matches to the similar species scored an average of 94%. The Tajimas D (0.374) and FUs Fs (5.547) collectively indicated no rare excess mutations in the population. The results reveal high genetic diversity, which is key in the management of forest species
竹螟幼虫已造成天然林和人工林中竹子植被的重大损失。竹林动物信息的缺乏被认为是竹林管理不善的原因之一。遗传多样性信息有助于了解不同动物群对指导管理计划的影响。遗传多样性信息最近已成为保护科学的重要工具。本文旨在确定茂林复合区竹节虫幼虫的遗传多样性，以产生可指导茂林复合区竹林（Yushinia Alpina）管理和保护的信息。对 12 个分离株的线粒体 C 氧化酶亚基 1（COI）进行了测序和分析。利用美国国家生物技术信息中心（NCBI）的 BLAST 搜索对竹节虫幼虫进行了相似性搜索，以确定幼虫种类。测定了遗传多样性和遗传配对距离，并计算了Tajimas D和Nei's FU Fs统计量，以估计已发生的种群扩张。结果表明，茂林区竹节虫幼虫种群具有遗传多样性（单体型多样性为 0.956）。核苷酸多样性（0.283）较低。相似性搜索结果显示，高山矢车菊竹螟幼虫属于四（4）种夜蛾幼虫（鳞翅目）。与相似物种的识别匹配度平均为 94%。Tajimas D（0.374）和 FUs Fs（5.547）共同表明种群中没有罕见的过度突变。结果显示遗传多样性很高，这对森林物种的管理至关重要
{"title":"Genetic Diversity of Bamboo (Yushinia alpina) Borer Larvae in the Mau Forest Complex, Kenya","authors":"Jackson Bwalya, Calleb Olweny, Donald Chungu","doi":"10.37284/eajfa.6.1.1589","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37284/eajfa.6.1.1589","url":null,"abstract":"Bamboo borer larvae have caused major losses of bamboo cover in natural forests and plantations. Lack of information on the fauna of bamboo trees has been cited as the contributing factor to poor management of bamboo stands. Genetic diversity information helps understand the effects of different fauna in guiding management plans. Genetic diversity information has recently become an important tool in conservation science. This paper aimed to determine the genetic diversity of the bamboo borer larvae in the Mau Forest complex in order to generate information that could guide the management and conservation of bamboo trees (Yushinia Alpina) in the Mau Forest Complex. The mitochondrial C oxidase Subunit 1 (COI) of 12 isolates was sequenced and analyzed. A similarity search of the bamboo borer larvae was carried out using the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) BLAST search to identify the larvae species. The genetic diversity and genetic pairwise distances were determined, and Tajimas D and Nei’s FU Fs statistics were calculated to estimate the population expansion that has occurred. The results showed genetic diversity (haplotype diversity 0.956) in the bamboo borer larvae population of the Mau Forest Complex. The nucleotide diversity (0.283) was found to be low. The similarity search showed that the bamboo borer larvae of Yushinia alpina belonged to four (4) species of noctuid larvae (Lepidoptera). The identity matches to the similar species scored an average of 94%. The Tajimas D (0.374) and FUs Fs (5.547) collectively indicated no rare excess mutations in the population. The results reveal high genetic diversity, which is key in the management of forest species","PeriodicalId":373486,"journal":{"name":"East African Journal of Forestry and Agroforestry","volume":"50 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139248299","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The present thirty-one percent of overall forest cover is not enough to conserve biological diversity globally and so the need to conserve the last global forests (Powlen et al., 2021). Kenya has experienced significant degradation of forest resources in the last 40 years. In 2005, the government passed a forest legislation that allows communities adjacent to forests to co-manage forests. This paper evaluated the driving force of community involvement in participatory forest management. The paper adopted a descriptive research design targeting forest-adjacent communities. A questionnaire and interview schedule were used for data collection. A pilot study was conducted, and research tools were carefully revised to ensure the validity and reliability of the content. The paper used Taro Yamane’s sampling formula to extract 255 respondents from a total of 671 households surrounding the forest. Quantitative data were evaluated using inferential statistics. The results were presented in tables and discussed appropriately. The results showed that 45.90% of the respondents are affiliated with one of the conservation user groups, while 54.1% of respondents were not affiliated with any Kodera Forest conservation groups. Based on Pearson’s chi-square test statistic (43.449 with p-value = 0.000), it was clear that there was a significant association between education level and perception of forest user group importance. Similarly, the chi-square results suggested that there is a statistically significant association between participation in conservation activities and respondents’ monthly expenditure at the conventional level of significance (α = 0.05)
目前总森林覆盖率的31%不足以保护全球生物多样性，因此需要保护最后的全球森林(Powlen et al.， 2021)。肯尼亚在过去40年中经历了森林资源的严重退化。2005年，政府通过了一项森林立法，允许森林附近的社区共同管理森林。本文评价了社区参与参与式森林经营的驱动力。本文采用描述性研究设计，以森林邻近社区为研究对象。采用问卷调查和访谈表进行数据收集。进行了一项初步研究，并仔细修订了研究工具，以确保内容的有效性和可靠性。论文使用了Taro Yamane的抽样公式，从森林周围的671户家庭中抽取了255名受访者。定量数据采用推理统计进行评价。结果以表格形式呈现，并进行了适当的讨论。结果表明，45.90%的被调查者隶属于一个保护用户组，54.1%的被调查者不隶属于任何一个小寺森林保护组织。Pearson卡方检验统计量(43.449,p值= 0.000)表明，教育水平与森林用户群体重要性感知之间存在显著相关。同样，卡方结果表明，在常规显著性水平上，参与保护活动与受访者每月支出之间存在统计学显著相关(α = 0.05)。
{"title":"Drivers of Community Participation in Participatory Forest Management; An Evidence of Kodera Forest in Kenya","authors":"Benard Ogweno Adwar, M. Ogada, Christopher Masila","doi":"10.37284/eajfa.6.1.1410","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37284/eajfa.6.1.1410","url":null,"abstract":"The present thirty-one percent of overall forest cover is not enough to conserve biological diversity globally and so the need to conserve the last global forests (Powlen et al., 2021). Kenya has experienced significant degradation of forest resources in the last 40 years. In 2005, the government passed a forest legislation that allows communities adjacent to forests to co-manage forests. This paper evaluated the driving force of community involvement in participatory forest management. The paper adopted a descriptive research design targeting forest-adjacent communities. A questionnaire and interview schedule were used for data collection. A pilot study was conducted, and research tools were carefully revised to ensure the validity and reliability of the content. The paper used Taro Yamane’s sampling formula to extract 255 respondents from a total of 671 households surrounding the forest. Quantitative data were evaluated using inferential statistics. The results were presented in tables and discussed appropriately. The results showed that 45.90% of the respondents are affiliated with one of the conservation user groups, while 54.1% of respondents were not affiliated with any Kodera Forest conservation groups. Based on Pearson’s chi-square test statistic (43.449 with p-value = 0.000), it was clear that there was a significant association between education level and perception of forest user group importance. Similarly, the chi-square results suggested that there is a statistically significant association between participation in conservation activities and respondents’ monthly expenditure at the conventional level of significance (α = 0.05)","PeriodicalId":373486,"journal":{"name":"East African Journal of Forestry and Agroforestry","volume":"49 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125175125","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Protected areas (PAs) are crucial for natural resources and biodiversity conservation. However, they also hurt local communities by limiting access to farmland, forest product resources, and imposing fees. In some cases, local communities may view PAs as a risk to their livelihood or appreciate benefits of having PAs at other times. Hence, improving the positive attitudes of the local community toward PAs is important for the success of PAs preservation. This paper examined factors influencing the attitudes of the local community towards protected areas, a Case Study on Ambatara Protected Area (APA) forest Conservation, Northwest Ethiopia. Data was collected through household surveys. Econometric model were used for further analysis. The result identified influential factors and revealed that higher levels of age, education, family size, farmland size, livestock size, benefits, and awareness were all significantly associated with a more positive attitude of the local community towards PAs but having severe problems with a negative attitude. These were the key factors influencing the attitudes of the local community and should be a consideration when designing conservation initiatives and policy decisions. In general, most respondents had a positive attitude(supportive) towards PA and believed the conservation of APA is essential for them. However, they had some concerns about the management and lack of access to appropriate resources; this needs to be addressed to ensure their long-term sustainability. This study concludes that understanding the attitudes of local communities toward protected areas is essential to provide a successful conservation strategy and tangible benefits to local communities and PAs. These will help to ensure and preserve PAs for generations to come.
{"title":"Factors Influencing the Attitudes of Local Community towards Protected Areas, Case Study on Ambatara Protected Area Forest Conservation, Northwest Ethiopia","authors":"Haile Zerfu Munaw","doi":"10.37284/eajfa.6.1.1372","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37284/eajfa.6.1.1372","url":null,"abstract":"Protected areas (PAs) are crucial for natural resources and biodiversity conservation. However, they also hurt local communities by limiting access to farmland, forest product resources, and imposing fees. In some cases, local communities may view PAs as a risk to their livelihood or appreciate benefits of having PAs at other times. Hence, improving the positive attitudes of the local community toward PAs is important for the success of PAs preservation. This paper examined factors influencing the attitudes of the local community towards protected areas, a Case Study on Ambatara Protected Area (APA) forest Conservation, Northwest Ethiopia. Data was collected through household surveys. Econometric model were used for further analysis. The result identified influential factors and revealed that higher levels of age, education, family size, farmland size, livestock size, benefits, and awareness were all significantly associated with a more positive attitude of the local community towards PAs but having severe problems with a negative attitude. These were the key factors influencing the attitudes of the local community and should be a consideration when designing conservation initiatives and policy decisions. In general, most respondents had a positive attitude(supportive) towards PA and believed the conservation of APA is essential for them. However, they had some concerns about the management and lack of access to appropriate resources; this needs to be addressed to ensure their long-term sustainability. This study concludes that understanding the attitudes of local communities toward protected areas is essential to provide a successful conservation strategy and tangible benefits to local communities and PAs. These will help to ensure and preserve PAs for generations to come.","PeriodicalId":373486,"journal":{"name":"East African Journal of Forestry and Agroforestry","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132171482","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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