Kipkoech Evans Korir, P. Sirmah, T. Matonyei, James Simiren Ole Nampushi
Agroforestry Systems (AFS) are integrated land use systems involving trees, agricultural crops, and animals simultaneously or sequentially, with the objective of sustainably increasing their total productivity per unit area. Despite strong literature evidence describing the benefits of agroforestry to livelihoods in other parts of the world, there is little information as such in Soin Ward of Kericho County, where sugarcane competes with tea as a major cash crop. This study aimed at classifying agroforestry systems and evaluating their socio-economic benefits in Soin Ward, Kericho County, Kenya. The study adopted a qualitative research design through the administration of pretested questionnaires on types of agroforestry systems, the scale of production, land utilisation, preference of trees and sugar cane varieties and their interactions with 384 respondents in lower, upper, and midland parts of Soin Ward. Four (4) classes of agroforestry systems were identified that comprised (48.2% agrosilvopastoral, 31.6% agrosilvicultural, and 20.2% silvopastoral); (16.2% protective and 83.8% productive); (45.7% subsistence and 54.3% commercial), and integrated farm-based agroforestry 47.4%, homestead (6.8%), animal farm (31.4%), dairy farm (1.4%), and forest land (13%) respectively. The majority of the respondents (42.7%) preferred Grevillea tree species for blending with sugarcane in a tree-sugarcane agroforestry system in comparison with cypress (29.4%), eucalyptus (15.1%), casuarina (12.6%), and calliandra (0.2%) respectively. Sixty (61.7%) plant trees along the boundary, 24% as woodlot, hedge raw (8.9%), intercropping/mixed (3.1%), and alley cropping (2.3%). Direct benefits from the identified agroforestry systems include; income (67.6%), food (8.3%), and employment (24.1%). Indirect benefits include provision of biofuel (21.9%), enhanced soil fertility (21.1%), bio drainage (20.4%), biodiversity conservation (19.4%), carbon absorption (17.2%), improvement of social amenities such as roads (27.2%), markets (25.8%), hospitals (19.3%), schools (18.5% and electricity (9.2%).Constraints faced by the agroforestry systems include; long waiting payback (39.2%), limited possibilities to sell products (28.3%), labour intensive (27.8%), and knowledge and technology gap (4.7%). Such results are useful for policy-making decisions towards afforestation and improved livelihoods in Kenya
{"title":"Classification and Socio-Economic Benefits of Agroforestry Systems in Soin Ward, Kericho County, Kenya","authors":"Kipkoech Evans Korir, P. Sirmah, T. Matonyei, James Simiren Ole Nampushi","doi":"10.37284/eajfa.5.1.904","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37284/eajfa.5.1.904","url":null,"abstract":"Agroforestry Systems (AFS) are integrated land use systems involving trees, agricultural crops, and animals simultaneously or sequentially, with the objective of sustainably increasing their total productivity per unit area. Despite strong literature evidence describing the benefits of agroforestry to livelihoods in other parts of the world, there is little information as such in Soin Ward of Kericho County, where sugarcane competes with tea as a major cash crop. This study aimed at classifying agroforestry systems and evaluating their socio-economic benefits in Soin Ward, Kericho County, Kenya. The study adopted a qualitative research design through the administration of pretested questionnaires on types of agroforestry systems, the scale of production, land utilisation, preference of trees and sugar cane varieties and their interactions with 384 respondents in lower, upper, and midland parts of Soin Ward. Four (4) classes of agroforestry systems were identified that comprised (48.2% agrosilvopastoral, 31.6% agrosilvicultural, and 20.2% silvopastoral); (16.2% protective and 83.8% productive); (45.7% subsistence and 54.3% commercial), and integrated farm-based agroforestry 47.4%, homestead (6.8%), animal farm (31.4%), dairy farm (1.4%), and forest land (13%) respectively. The majority of the respondents (42.7%) preferred Grevillea tree species for blending with sugarcane in a tree-sugarcane agroforestry system in comparison with cypress (29.4%), eucalyptus (15.1%), casuarina (12.6%), and calliandra (0.2%) respectively. Sixty (61.7%) plant trees along the boundary, 24% as woodlot, hedge raw (8.9%), intercropping/mixed (3.1%), and alley cropping (2.3%). Direct benefits from the identified agroforestry systems include; income (67.6%), food (8.3%), and employment (24.1%). Indirect benefits include provision of biofuel (21.9%), enhanced soil fertility (21.1%), bio drainage (20.4%), biodiversity conservation (19.4%), carbon absorption (17.2%), improvement of social amenities such as roads (27.2%), markets (25.8%), hospitals (19.3%), schools (18.5% and electricity (9.2%).Constraints faced by the agroforestry systems include; long waiting payback (39.2%), limited possibilities to sell products (28.3%), labour intensive (27.8%), and knowledge and technology gap (4.7%). Such results are useful for policy-making decisions towards afforestation and improved livelihoods in Kenya","PeriodicalId":373486,"journal":{"name":"East African Journal of Forestry and Agroforestry","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131285875","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Forests provides non-timber forest products (NTFPs), which support the livelihoods of hundreds of millions of people worldwide. Studies on the contribution of NTFPs to local people's livelihood improvement and poverty alleviation have grown in popularity. However, information on the contribution of NTFPs to annual household income is limited. The purpose of this study is to assess the role of NTFPs in local peoples' livelihoods. The study employed a multistage sampling technique. A structured questionnaire was used to collect information during a face-to-face interview. Furthermore, key informant interviews and focus group discussions were used to collect data on major NTFPs and triangulate data from HHs surveyed. An interview was conducted with 181 households in and around the forest at random. The most important NTFPs extracted from the forest were forest coffee, honey, charcoal, Aframomum kororima, fuel wood, lianas, Rhamnus prinoides, and medicinal plants. According to the findings, after crop production, NTFPs were the second most important source of income, accounting for 28% of total household income on average. Household NTFP contributions vary by wealth category, with poor (46%) and medium (40%) households contributing more than rich (14%). In general, income from various NTFPs contributes significantly to the annual income of local households, providing an important incentive to conserve forest resources in a sustainable manner. Better policies and strategies are required to sustain local people's livelihoods while conserving forest resources.
{"title":"Contribution of Non-Timber Forest Products to Local Communities: The Case of Belete Gera Forest, Southwest Ethiopia","authors":"Abera Adugna Bayesa, Diriba Abdeta Bushara","doi":"10.37284/eajfa.5.1.879","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37284/eajfa.5.1.879","url":null,"abstract":"Forests provides non-timber forest products (NTFPs), which support the livelihoods of hundreds of millions of people worldwide. Studies on the contribution of NTFPs to local people's livelihood improvement and poverty alleviation have grown in popularity. However, information on the contribution of NTFPs to annual household income is limited. The purpose of this study is to assess the role of NTFPs in local peoples' livelihoods. The study employed a multistage sampling technique. A structured questionnaire was used to collect information during a face-to-face interview. Furthermore, key informant interviews and focus group discussions were used to collect data on major NTFPs and triangulate data from HHs surveyed. An interview was conducted with 181 households in and around the forest at random. The most important NTFPs extracted from the forest were forest coffee, honey, charcoal, Aframomum kororima, fuel wood, lianas, Rhamnus prinoides, and medicinal plants. According to the findings, after crop production, NTFPs were the second most important source of income, accounting for 28% of total household income on average. Household NTFP contributions vary by wealth category, with poor (46%) and medium (40%) households contributing more than rich (14%). In general, income from various NTFPs contributes significantly to the annual income of local households, providing an important incentive to conserve forest resources in a sustainable manner. Better policies and strategies are required to sustain local people's livelihoods while conserving forest resources.","PeriodicalId":373486,"journal":{"name":"East African Journal of Forestry and Agroforestry","volume":"52 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130003961","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The growth of the plant largely depends on the available water and soil. Soil supports the plant in mechanical ways and acts as a nutrient reservoir for its growth. Not only for plants but also for all living things, water plays a significant role in the life process. For a tree grower, knowing the relationship and techniques of measurement of plant, soil, and water help to improve their management system as well as the efficiency of crop production in a given area. Besides, it helps to know the relative water status of planted tree species. Therefore, this paper provides general information about seven plant water status measurements.
{"title":"Review of Plant Water Status Measurement Techniques","authors":"M. Asmare","doi":"10.37284/eajfa.5.1.850","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37284/eajfa.5.1.850","url":null,"abstract":"The growth of the plant largely depends on the available water and soil. Soil supports the plant in mechanical ways and acts as a nutrient reservoir for its growth. Not only for plants but also for all living things, water plays a significant role in the life process. For a tree grower, knowing the relationship and techniques of measurement of plant, soil, and water help to improve their management system as well as the efficiency of crop production in a given area. Besides, it helps to know the relative water status of planted tree species. Therefore, this paper provides general information about seven plant water status measurements.","PeriodicalId":373486,"journal":{"name":"East African Journal of Forestry and Agroforestry","volume":"74 20","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131878347","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Basil Okoth Kaudo, Patrick Mwenja, Dancan Epasit, Devius Ekai, Dub Isacko, Jesse O. Owino
Indigenous tree seedlings play a very critical role in restoration of degraded lands owing to their adaptability and resilience in dryland areas. Development of indigenous seedlings in tree nurseries is therefore an exercise of great essence. This has caused a need for review of practices to improve performance of the seedlings in the nurseries to aid in quality improvement. Tree nurseries have been observed to have varied potting material sizes which would affect seedlings growth and development. Potting material sizes have been observed to have profound effects on water retention, soil fertility and seedling growth parameters. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of different potting tube sizes on Z. mauritiana seedlings growth and development in drylands. We evaluated three potting tube sizes; with their varying volumes; 4 x 6 (4683 cm3), 5 x 8 (9216 cm3) and 6 x 9 (22046 cm3). The results showed that potting tube size had a significant effect on the seedlings root collar diameter and height. The seedlings planted in 5 x 8 and 6 x 9 tubes had significantly higher height (p < 0.05) than those planted in 4 x 6 cm potting tubes. The means were significantly different at p < 0.05). One Way ANOVA revealed that there was a statistically significant difference between the mean heights and RCD of seedlings planted in each of the potting tube sizes; F (2,237) = 15.82, p = 0.00 and, F (2,237) =11.595, p = 0.00 respectively. Tukey’s HSD test for multiple comparisons was used to separate the means. Therefore, this study concludes that different potting tube sizes have significant impact on the development of the root collar diameter. Therefore, the use of larger potting tubes (6 x 9) is recommended for raising seedlings to increase growth and development in seedlings.
{"title":"Effect of Potting Tube Size on Growth and Development of Zizyphus mauritiana Seedlings","authors":"Basil Okoth Kaudo, Patrick Mwenja, Dancan Epasit, Devius Ekai, Dub Isacko, Jesse O. Owino","doi":"10.37284/eajfa.5.1.795","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37284/eajfa.5.1.795","url":null,"abstract":"Indigenous tree seedlings play a very critical role in restoration of degraded lands owing to their adaptability and resilience in dryland areas. Development of indigenous seedlings in tree nurseries is therefore an exercise of great essence. This has caused a need for review of practices to improve performance of the seedlings in the nurseries to aid in quality improvement. Tree nurseries have been observed to have varied potting material sizes which would affect seedlings growth and development. Potting material sizes have been observed to have profound effects on water retention, soil fertility and seedling growth parameters. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of different potting tube sizes on Z. mauritiana seedlings growth and development in drylands. We evaluated three potting tube sizes; with their varying volumes; 4 x 6 (4683 cm3), 5 x 8 (9216 cm3) and 6 x 9 (22046 cm3). The results showed that potting tube size had a significant effect on the seedlings root collar diameter and height. The seedlings planted in 5 x 8 and 6 x 9 tubes had significantly higher height (p < 0.05) than those planted in 4 x 6 cm potting tubes. The means were significantly different at p < 0.05). One Way ANOVA revealed that there was a statistically significant difference between the mean heights and RCD of seedlings planted in each of the potting tube sizes; F (2,237) = 15.82, p = 0.00 and, F (2,237) =11.595, p = 0.00 respectively. Tukey’s HSD test for multiple comparisons was used to separate the means. Therefore, this study concludes that different potting tube sizes have significant impact on the development of the root collar diameter. Therefore, the use of larger potting tubes (6 x 9) is recommended for raising seedlings to increase growth and development in seedlings.","PeriodicalId":373486,"journal":{"name":"East African Journal of Forestry and Agroforestry","volume":"173 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114061494","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lazaro Elibariki Nnko, J. Kashaigili, G. Monela, P. Munishi, P. Lyimo, Chilagane Nyemo
Agroforestry systems and practices are perceived to improve livelihood and sustainable management of natural resources. However, factors influencing their adoption in various regions require further investigation as they differ in biophysical conditions and societal characteristics. This study was conducted in Kilombero district to investigate factors influencing the adoption of different agroforestry systems and practices in agro-ecosystems and farming systems. Household surveys, key informant interviews and focus group discussions were used in data collection. Descriptive statistics and Multinomial Regression Analysis in SPSS were used for data analysis. Results show that Agrosilvopasture and Agrosilviculture systems were the dominant agroforestry systems while the home garden and Mixed Intercropping were the dominant agroforestry practice. There is a potential in agroforestry systems and practices in terms of product diversification and biodiversity conservation though their adoption differed given the influence of different factors. Different factors were statistically significant as predictors of the adoption of agroforestry systems and practices. Residence period, availability of extension education/services, residence type and gender were the dominant factors influencing the adoption of agroforestry systems and practices. Farmers' oriented factors were critical in the adoption of agroforestry systems and practices. The study concludes that the practice of agroforestry will be more successful if the local priorities including socio-economic characteristics of the society are considered in designing systems and practices. Socio-economic characteristics of the communities that factor in conservation priorities should be addressed in the process of expanding the adoption of agroforestry systems and practices. Study recommends that productive systems and practices that contribute to household food and income are better adopted.
{"title":"The Extent of Adoption of Agroforestry Systems and Practices and Conservation Implications in Kilombero District, Tanzania","authors":"Lazaro Elibariki Nnko, J. Kashaigili, G. Monela, P. Munishi, P. Lyimo, Chilagane Nyemo","doi":"10.37284/eajfa.5.1.766","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37284/eajfa.5.1.766","url":null,"abstract":"Agroforestry systems and practices are perceived to improve livelihood and sustainable management of natural resources. However, factors influencing their adoption in various regions require further investigation as they differ in biophysical conditions and societal characteristics. This study was conducted in Kilombero district to investigate factors influencing the adoption of different agroforestry systems and practices in agro-ecosystems and farming systems. Household surveys, key informant interviews and focus group discussions were used in data collection. Descriptive statistics and Multinomial Regression Analysis in SPSS were used for data analysis. Results show that Agrosilvopasture and Agrosilviculture systems were the dominant agroforestry systems while the home garden and Mixed Intercropping were the dominant agroforestry practice. There is a potential in agroforestry systems and practices in terms of product diversification and biodiversity conservation though their adoption differed given the influence of different factors. Different factors were statistically significant as predictors of the adoption of agroforestry systems and practices. Residence period, availability of extension education/services, residence type and gender were the dominant factors influencing the adoption of agroforestry systems and practices. Farmers' oriented factors were critical in the adoption of agroforestry systems and practices. The study concludes that the practice of agroforestry will be more successful if the local priorities including socio-economic characteristics of the society are considered in designing systems and practices. Socio-economic characteristics of the communities that factor in conservation priorities should be addressed in the process of expanding the adoption of agroforestry systems and practices. Study recommends that productive systems and practices that contribute to household food and income are better adopted.","PeriodicalId":373486,"journal":{"name":"East African Journal of Forestry and Agroforestry","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125885630","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Conservation of forests is slowly shifting into a more proactive approach such as efficient lumber conversion in sawmills. This suggests a need to explore the use of modern sawmilling machinery in lumber conversion that produces low residues, wastage, and hence high recovery. This study looked into the production capacity, efficiency, and recovery rates of Cupressus lusitanica and Pinus patula lumber from selected “WoodMizer” band saws (LT15, 20, and 40) sawmilling machinery in Kericho County, Kenya. Wood logs delivered to each respective sawmill yard were categorized into ten diameter classes, ranging from 10 to 59 cm for both species. Volume of four logs from each class and species was evaluated using Huber’s formula, (1995) and converted using through and through sawing techniques into lumber with each “WoodMizer” band saw. Volume of the lumber pieces and residues obtained were measured. The time taken during the conversion process was also recorded in order to determine the efficiency and lumber production capacity of each sawmill machines. Recovery of C. lusitanica gave average empirical values of 43%, 49%, and 53% in comparison with 39%, 34%, and 60% for P. patula using WoodMizer LT15, LT20, and LT40 respectively. P. patula produced the most residues at 61% and 66% compared to C. lusitanica at 57% and 51% per log volume for LT15 and LT20 respectively but less from LT40 (47%) for C. lusitanica and 40% for P. patula logs. WoodMizer LT40 recorded the highest daily production capacity for both C. lusitanica and P. patula (15.9 m3/day and 16.2 m3/day) respectively. This was followed by WoodMizer LT20 at 11.2 m3/ day and 9.6 m3/day for C. lusitanica and P. patula respectively. WoodMizer LT15 had the least production capacities of 8.8 m3/ day and 9.9 m3/ day for C. lusitanica and P. patula respectively. These results suggest adoption of “WoodMizer” band sawmilling in Kenya for sustainable forest resource.
{"title":"Production Capacity, Efficiency and Recovery Rates of Cupressus lusitanica and Pinus patula Lumber from Selected “WoodMizer” Band Sawmills in Kericho County, Kenya","authors":"Boniface Mueke Mulwa, P. Sirmah, T. Matonyei","doi":"10.37284/eajfa.5.1.758","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37284/eajfa.5.1.758","url":null,"abstract":"Conservation of forests is slowly shifting into a more proactive approach such as efficient lumber conversion in sawmills. This suggests a need to explore the use of modern sawmilling machinery in lumber conversion that produces low residues, wastage, and hence high recovery. This study looked into the production capacity, efficiency, and recovery rates of Cupressus lusitanica and Pinus patula lumber from selected “WoodMizer” band saws (LT15, 20, and 40) sawmilling machinery in Kericho County, Kenya. Wood logs delivered to each respective sawmill yard were categorized into ten diameter classes, ranging from 10 to 59 cm for both species. Volume of four logs from each class and species was evaluated using Huber’s formula, (1995) and converted using through and through sawing techniques into lumber with each “WoodMizer” band saw. Volume of the lumber pieces and residues obtained were measured. The time taken during the conversion process was also recorded in order to determine the efficiency and lumber production capacity of each sawmill machines. Recovery of C. lusitanica gave average empirical values of 43%, 49%, and 53% in comparison with 39%, 34%, and 60% for P. patula using WoodMizer LT15, LT20, and LT40 respectively. P. patula produced the most residues at 61% and 66% compared to C. lusitanica at 57% and 51% per log volume for LT15 and LT20 respectively but less from LT40 (47%) for C. lusitanica and 40% for P. patula logs. WoodMizer LT40 recorded the highest daily production capacity for both C. lusitanica and P. patula (15.9 m3/day and 16.2 m3/day) respectively. This was followed by WoodMizer LT20 at 11.2 m3/ day and 9.6 m3/day for C. lusitanica and P. patula respectively. WoodMizer LT15 had the least production capacities of 8.8 m3/ day and 9.9 m3/ day for C. lusitanica and P. patula respectively. These results suggest adoption of “WoodMizer” band sawmilling in Kenya for sustainable forest resource.","PeriodicalId":373486,"journal":{"name":"East African Journal of Forestry and Agroforestry","volume":"133 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116079040","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Forests provide multitude of benefits to humanity in terms of local socio-economic, development, and environmental protection which are often not valued at national level because of lack of a valuation system for the ecosystem services. This study undertook a cost-benefit analysis of Collaborative Forest Management (CFM) implementation at Tororo Central Forest Reserve (TCFR) between Nyangole community and National Forestry Authority (NFA) using Contingent Valuation Method (CVM). The result showed that Nyangole community incurred total discounted costs of USD 74,440.0 on tree planting, forest resource management and protection, tree nursery activities and agriculture. Meanwhile they received total discounted economic benefits of USD 396,720.0 from sale of poles, tree seedlings, training opportunities, fire wood, mango fruits, and food stuffs. Other benefits that accrued to the community were opportunity of receiving visitors at the project, training allowances and other ecosystem services provided by the forest. The benefit-cost ratio of CFM to Nyangole community was 5:1 with positive Net Present Value (NPV). We concluded that the CFM partnership between government and Nyangole yielded benefits to the both parties and recommend that this approach be rolled to other sites within the country
{"title":"Cost- Benefit Analysis of Collaborative Forest Management: A Case Study of Tororo Central Forest Reserve, Eastern Uganda","authors":"Silas Anguti, Buyinza Mukadasi, E. Andama","doi":"10.37284/eajfa.5.1.745","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37284/eajfa.5.1.745","url":null,"abstract":"Forests provide multitude of benefits to humanity in terms of local socio-economic, development, and environmental protection which are often not valued at national level because of lack of a valuation system for the ecosystem services. This study undertook a cost-benefit analysis of Collaborative Forest Management (CFM) implementation at Tororo Central Forest Reserve (TCFR) between Nyangole community and National Forestry Authority (NFA) using Contingent Valuation Method (CVM). The result showed that Nyangole community incurred total discounted costs of USD 74,440.0 on tree planting, forest resource management and protection, tree nursery activities and agriculture. Meanwhile they received total discounted economic benefits of USD 396,720.0 from sale of poles, tree seedlings, training opportunities, fire wood, mango fruits, and food stuffs. Other benefits that accrued to the community were opportunity of receiving visitors at the project, training allowances and other ecosystem services provided by the forest. The benefit-cost ratio of CFM to Nyangole community was 5:1 with positive Net Present Value (NPV). We concluded that the CFM partnership between government and Nyangole yielded benefits to the both parties and recommend that this approach be rolled to other sites within the country","PeriodicalId":373486,"journal":{"name":"East African Journal of Forestry and Agroforestry","volume":"138 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122431480","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study investigated the contributions of agroforestry to household food security in Kwale County. The study objectives were to determine the status of agroforestry, the status of household food security, and the relationship between agroforestry and household food security. Descriptive cross-sectional survey research design was applied, with multistage sampling procedure, which comprised of purposive and random sampling for selection of the study sites and respondents from different villages in Kubo south and Samburu wards, Kwale County. The sample size for the study comprised of 270 smallholders and 10 key informants. The study used a combination of instruments, namely, structured questionnaires, focus group discussions, observation, and interview schedules. Descriptive statistics and regression analysis were used to test relationship between agroforestry and household food security. The study found that 14.1 % were food secure, 2.96 % households mildly food insecure, 54.81 % were moderately food insecure and 27.41 % were severely food insecure. Majority of farmers practice agrosilvopastoral system of agroforestry due to the multiplicity of social, economic, and environmental benefits they derive from it. The results further indicated that challenges facing agroforestry farmers include poor access to credit, inadequate extension services, wildlife destruction, pests and diseases, and inadequate markets for agroforestry products. The study concludes that there is high level of food insecurity among smallholder farmers and recommends concerted efforts by county and national governments to intensify the practice of agroforestry, improvement of access to inputs for agroforestry, allocate more land for agroforestry practice, proper tree species selection, adoption of best agroforestry practices based on research, and suitable tree planting arrangements for improved household food security.
{"title":"Agroforestry and Household Food Security Status among Small-Scale Farmers in Kubo South and Samburu Wards of Kwale County, Kenya","authors":"Bernard Owuor Odit, Hilda A. Ong’ayo, D. Nyamai","doi":"10.37284/eajfa.5.1.681","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37284/eajfa.5.1.681","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigated the contributions of agroforestry to household food security in Kwale County. The study objectives were to determine the status of agroforestry, the status of household food security, and the relationship between agroforestry and household food security. Descriptive cross-sectional survey research design was applied, with multistage sampling procedure, which comprised of purposive and random sampling for selection of the study sites and respondents from different villages in Kubo south and Samburu wards, Kwale County. The sample size for the study comprised of 270 smallholders and 10 key informants. The study used a combination of instruments, namely, structured questionnaires, focus group discussions, observation, and interview schedules. Descriptive statistics and regression analysis were used to test relationship between agroforestry and household food security. The study found that 14.1 % were food secure, 2.96 % households mildly food insecure, 54.81 % were moderately food insecure and 27.41 % were severely food insecure. Majority of farmers practice agrosilvopastoral system of agroforestry due to the multiplicity of social, economic, and environmental benefits they derive from it. The results further indicated that challenges facing agroforestry farmers include poor access to credit, inadequate extension services, wildlife destruction, pests and diseases, and inadequate markets for agroforestry products. The study concludes that there is high level of food insecurity among smallholder farmers and recommends concerted efforts by county and national governments to intensify the practice of agroforestry, improvement of access to inputs for agroforestry, allocate more land for agroforestry practice, proper tree species selection, adoption of best agroforestry practices based on research, and suitable tree planting arrangements for improved household food security.","PeriodicalId":373486,"journal":{"name":"East African Journal of Forestry and Agroforestry","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127511190","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Canisius John Kayombo, H. Ndangalasi, Richard A. Giliba, Imani A. Kikoti
The tree species density and basal area form structural and functional variables of healthy forest ecosystems. Tree density and basal area are among useful parameters for management of natural forest resources. A study was carried out in Image Forest Reserve (IFR) in 2019 to determine tree species density and basal area. A total of 170 plots measuring 20 m x 40 m were set along the land cover types at an interval of 250 m from each other. Trees with a diameter at breast height (DBH - cm) ≥ 5 cm were measured for their DBH at a height of 1.3 m from ground level and used to calculate the basal area (BA) (m2). The tree individuals were used to calculate the density (D). The largest basal area was recorded from forest cover (13 279 m2 ha-1), followed by woodland (4394.09 m2 ha-1), and wooded grassland was the least). The minimum BA was recorded from woodland, while the largest was from forest (6.881 m2 ha-1). In all land cover types the DBH class (cm) >40 cm had the largest BA. Woodland had the highest density of all other land cover types, followed by forest and wooded grassland was the least. The maximum density was recorded from woodland followed by forest and wooded grassland
树种密度和基面积是健康森林生态系统的结构和功能变量。树木密度和基面积是自然森林资源管理的有用参数。2019年在图像森林保护区(IFR)进行了一项研究，以确定树种密度和基面积。沿着土地覆盖类型共设置了170个20 m x 40 m的地块，彼此间隔250 m。测量胸径≥5 cm的树木在距地面1.3 m处的胸径，计算基面积(BA) (m2)。利用乔木个体数计算密度(D)，森林覆盖面积最大(13 279 m2 ha-1)，林地次之(4394.09 m2 ha-1)，草地最小。林地BA最小，森林BA最大(6.881 m2 ha-1)。在所有土地覆被类型中，胸径级(cm) >40 cm的BA最大。林地密度最高，森林次之，草地密度最低。密度最大的是林地，其次是森林和草地
{"title":"Tree Species Density and Basal Area in Image Forest Reserve, Tanzania","authors":"Canisius John Kayombo, H. Ndangalasi, Richard A. Giliba, Imani A. Kikoti","doi":"10.37284/eajfa.5.1.639","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37284/eajfa.5.1.639","url":null,"abstract":"The tree species density and basal area form structural and functional variables of healthy forest ecosystems. Tree density and basal area are among useful parameters for management of natural forest resources. A study was carried out in Image Forest Reserve (IFR) in 2019 to determine tree species density and basal area. A total of 170 plots measuring 20 m x 40 m were set along the land cover types at an interval of 250 m from each other. Trees with a diameter at breast height (DBH - cm) ≥ 5 cm were measured for their DBH at a height of 1.3 m from ground level and used to calculate the basal area (BA) (m2). The tree individuals were used to calculate the density (D). The largest basal area was recorded from forest cover (13 279 m2 ha-1), followed by woodland (4394.09 m2 ha-1), and wooded grassland was the least). The minimum BA was recorded from woodland, while the largest was from forest (6.881 m2 ha-1). In all land cover types the DBH class (cm) >40 cm had the largest BA. Woodland had the highest density of all other land cover types, followed by forest and wooded grassland was the least. The maximum density was recorded from woodland followed by forest and wooded grassland","PeriodicalId":373486,"journal":{"name":"East African Journal of Forestry and Agroforestry","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128775350","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Canisius John Kayombo, Tumaini Kivuyo, Richard A. Giliba, Sefania J. Kyando, Emmanuel Lugumira, Hussein Said Gwau
The observation of feeding and movement behaviour of wild fauna is significant in the process of understanding the ecosystems. The movement and feeding behaviour of An assessment on the movement, feeding behaviour, and threats of Colobus guereza was done in Engare-olmotonyi seasonally dry riverine forest and arboreta at the Forestry Training Institutes-Olmotonyi in northern Tanzania. The movement and feeding behaviour were monitored for 30 days from mid of September to October 2020. Sleeping and waking up times, trees fed by C. guereza, and trees they slept on were recorded and estimated for their height and canopy cover (light or dense). The human threats were also recorded. The findings revealed that C. Guereza members were waking up between 6.30 am and 6.58 am, depending on the condition of the sky (clear or cloudy). When the sky was clear they wake up between 6.30 and 6.45 am, and 6.45 am to 6.58 am on cloudy sky days. They slept on the highest canopy trees and were feeding on tender or mature leaves depending on the type of species. The flowers and fruits of Jacaranda mimosifolia, Albizia gummifera (J.F.Gmel.) C.A.Sm., Cussonia holstii Harms ex Engl and leaves of Lagenaria abyssinica (Hook.fil.) C.Jeffrey were found to be fed by C. guereza. As soon as they wake up, they both of them urinated. Then, young C. guereza were found to be directed to move before adults just after they had urinated. The height of trees the C. guereza were found to jump on and or sleep ranged from 24 ± 10 m, with an average height of 17 m. The tallest trees ranged from a height of 24 ± 20 m; while the medium had a height of ≤ 20 ± ≤15 m. Most of the tallest trees were Albizia gummifera (J.F.Gmel.) C.A.Sm., Jacaranda mimosifolia D.Don; Cussonia holstii Harms ex Engl.; and Eucalptys maidenii F. Muell. The threats to C. guereza were cutting of trees as their food and habitat and illegal routes that disturbed their behaviour of feeding and movement. The direction of C. guereza movements and sleeping depend most on the trees. Further study is needed to evaluate the plant species being fed at different seasons, protect the existing trees, and restore the forest gaps.
{"title":"Movement, Feeding Behaviour and Threats of Colobus guereza Ruppellin at Seasonally Dry Riverine Forest of Engare-Olmotonyi and Arboreta of the Forestry Training Institute’s Olmotonyi’s Campus in Northern Highlands of Tanzania","authors":"Canisius John Kayombo, Tumaini Kivuyo, Richard A. Giliba, Sefania J. Kyando, Emmanuel Lugumira, Hussein Said Gwau","doi":"10.37284/eajfa.5.1.547","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37284/eajfa.5.1.547","url":null,"abstract":"The observation of feeding and movement behaviour of wild fauna is significant in the process of understanding the ecosystems. The movement and feeding behaviour of An assessment on the movement, feeding behaviour, and threats of Colobus guereza was done in Engare-olmotonyi seasonally dry riverine forest and arboreta at the Forestry Training Institutes-Olmotonyi in northern Tanzania. The movement and feeding behaviour were monitored for 30 days from mid of September to October 2020. Sleeping and waking up times, trees fed by C. guereza, and trees they slept on were recorded and estimated for their height and canopy cover (light or dense). The human threats were also recorded. The findings revealed that C. Guereza members were waking up between 6.30 am and 6.58 am, depending on the condition of the sky (clear or cloudy). When the sky was clear they wake up between 6.30 and 6.45 am, and 6.45 am to 6.58 am on cloudy sky days. They slept on the highest canopy trees and were feeding on tender or mature leaves depending on the type of species. The flowers and fruits of Jacaranda mimosifolia, Albizia gummifera (J.F.Gmel.) C.A.Sm., Cussonia holstii Harms ex Engl and leaves of Lagenaria abyssinica (Hook.fil.) C.Jeffrey were found to be fed by C. guereza. As soon as they wake up, they both of them urinated. Then, young C. guereza were found to be directed to move before adults just after they had urinated. The height of trees the C. guereza were found to jump on and or sleep ranged from 24 ± 10 m, with an average height of 17 m. The tallest trees ranged from a height of 24 ± 20 m; while the medium had a height of ≤ 20 ± ≤15 m. Most of the tallest trees were Albizia gummifera (J.F.Gmel.) C.A.Sm., Jacaranda mimosifolia D.Don; Cussonia holstii Harms ex Engl.; and Eucalptys maidenii F. Muell. The threats to C. guereza were cutting of trees as their food and habitat and illegal routes that disturbed their behaviour of feeding and movement. The direction of C. guereza movements and sleeping depend most on the trees. Further study is needed to evaluate the plant species being fed at different seasons, protect the existing trees, and restore the forest gaps.","PeriodicalId":373486,"journal":{"name":"East African Journal of Forestry and Agroforestry","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132114280","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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