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Micro-plastics: An invisible danger to human health 微塑料:对人体健康的无形危害
Pub Date : 2021-07-17 DOI: 10.46860/CGCIJCTR.2021.06.31.182
Renuka Sharma, Himanshi Kaushik
Microplastics are small plastic pieces ranging between the size of 1-5 micrometre (µm). Because of their small size and their continuity, it has the potential to spread throughout all parts of our environment. These are ubiquitous environmental contaminants leading to inevitable human exposure. It can enter our bodies through ingestion, inhalation and dermal contact. It has already been found in various human foods, beers, drinking water, honey, seafood, sugar, table salt etc. It is demonstrated that marine organisms including zooplanktons, bivalves, crustaceans, worms, fish, reptiles etc. ingest microplastic. Around 2% to 40% of fishes were found to be contaminated with microplastic. It can reach our stomach and due to its size , these are either excreted, get entrapped in intestinal lining and stomach or move freely in body fluids like blood, thereby reaching various organs and tissues of body. To tackle this serious issue of microplastic pollution in environment and in human health, various effective policies must take under consideration all stages of lifecycle of plastic connecting producers to users and ultimately to waste managers. Thus, we have to seem for potential effects of microplastics in living beings, which specializes in the pathways of toxicity and exposure, way to reduce microplastic pollution, sources of invisible plastics. Present work was conducted to explore the possible threats of micro as well as nanoplastic particles to humanity as well as to our ecosystem. Under this study we summarized various aspects of this critical issue, which provide better scientific knowledge for future research.
微塑料是指尺寸在1-5微米(µm)之间的小塑料块。由于它们的体积小且具有连续性,它有可能在我们环境的所有部分传播。这些是无处不在的环境污染物,导致人类不可避免地接触到它们。它可以通过摄入、吸入和皮肤接触进入我们的身体。它已经在各种人类食品、啤酒、饮用水、蜂蜜、海鲜、糖、食盐等中被发现。研究表明,海洋生物包括浮游动物、双壳类、甲壳类、蠕虫、鱼类、爬行动物等都摄入微塑料。大约2%至40%的鱼类被发现受到微塑料污染。它可以到达我们的胃,由于它的大小,它们要么被排泄出来,被困在肠壁和胃里,要么在血液等体液中自由移动,从而到达身体的各个器官和组织。为了解决环境和人类健康中微塑料污染这一严重问题,各种有效的政策必须考虑到塑料生命周期的各个阶段,从生产者到用户,最终到废物管理者。因此,我们必须寻找微塑料对生物的潜在影响,专门研究毒性和暴露途径,减少微塑料污染的方法,看不见的塑料的来源。目前的工作是为了探讨微塑料和纳米塑料颗粒对人类和我们的生态系统可能造成的威胁。在本研究中,我们总结了这一关键问题的各个方面,为今后的研究提供更好的科学知识。
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引用次数: 6
Isolation and Screening of Pectinase Producing Bacteria from Soil Sample 土壤样品中产果胶酶细菌的分离与筛选
Pub Date : 2021-07-17 DOI: 10.46860/CGCIJCTR.2021.06.31.166
S. ., Mandheer Kaur, Yogita Jadon
The vast majority of the industrial use of enzymes is covered from microorganisms. Microorganisms are favoured in industry because of their several advantages for example rapid growth, short life expectancy and simplicity in doing genetic alterations. Microbial enzymes are thus amply provided, very much standardized and promoted by many companies. Among various enzymes, Pectinases hold an exceptional place because of its different uses in various sectors like food, textile and biofuel industries.A total of 25% of total enzyme market is being shared by Pectinase alone.The current study was carried out to evaluate the pectinase activity of the pectinolytic bacteria. 40 Bacterial strains were isolated from different soil samples and screened for Pectinase production. Primary and Secondary screening showed 3 potential isolates I38 , I39 and I40 showing pectin degradation on Vincent’s media. Further, extracellular pectinase was partially purified by ammonium sulphate precipitation and dialysis. Sequential ammonium sulphate saturations from 20-80% i.e. (20, 40, 60 and 80%) showed 60% ammonium sulphate was optimum for precipitation of intracellular enzyme whereas 80% was optimum for extracellular enzyme.
酶的绝大多数工业用途是由微生物覆盖的。微生物在工业中受到青睐,因为它们有几个优点,例如生长快、预期寿命短和基因改变简单。因此,许多公司提供了大量的微生物酶,并进行了标准化和推广。在各种酶中,果胶酶因其在食品、纺织和生物燃料等行业的不同用途而占有特殊地位。仅果胶酶就占据了总酶市场的25%。本研究旨在评价果胶溶菌的果胶酶活性。从不同的土壤样品中分离到40株细菌,进行了产胶酶的筛选。初级和次级筛选显示,3个潜在分离物I38、I39和I40在Vincent培养基上表现出果胶降解。此外,通过硫酸铵沉淀和透析纯化部分细胞外果胶酶。从20-80%(即20、40、60和80%)的顺序硫酸铵饱和度来看,60%的硫酸铵对细胞内酶的沉淀最有利,而80%的硫酸铵对细胞外酶的沉淀最有利。
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引用次数: 0
Amylase Based Clarification of Apple, Orange and Grape Juice 基于淀粉酶的苹果、橙、葡萄汁澄清
Pub Date : 2021-07-17 DOI: 10.46860/CGCIJCTR.2021.06.31.187
S. Sondhi, Palki sahib Kaur, Himansi Sura, Manisha Juglani, D. Sharma
Amylases are starch-degrading enzymes produced by many bacteria, plants, fungi and animals. It has found tremendous application in industry. One of its applications is in fruit industry wherein amylases are used to clarify fruit juices and reduce its viscosity. In fruits, high amount of starch is present which resulted in increased viscosity of the prepared juices. This may also lead to settling of juice at bottom. Amylases act on starch component and degrade it. In the current study, amylase from B. licheniformis was used for the clarification of apple, orange and grape juices. Total suspended solids, viscosity and total acidity was found to decrease with increasing amylase concentration. The results revealed that after amylase treatment the color, texture and flavor of juices were also improved.
淀粉酶是由许多细菌、植物、真菌和动物产生的淀粉降解酶。它在工业上得到了广泛的应用。它的一个应用是在水果工业中,其中淀粉酶被用来澄清果汁和降低其粘度。在水果中,大量的淀粉存在,这导致制备的果汁粘度增加。这也可能导致果汁在底部沉淀。淀粉酶作用于淀粉组分并降解它。本研究采用地衣双歧杆菌淀粉酶对苹果汁、橙汁和葡萄汁进行澄清。随着淀粉酶浓度的增加,总悬浮物、粘度和总酸度降低。结果表明,经淀粉酶处理后,果汁的色泽、质地和风味均有所改善。
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引用次数: 0
Microorganisms as vital additives in Waste Management 微生物是废物管理中的重要添加剂
Pub Date : 2021-07-17 DOI: 10.46860/CGCIJCTR.2021.06.31.191
Renuka Sharma, K. Gupta
Microorganisms play necessary roles within the maintenance of the many natural and synthetic development within the environment. They serve positive functions that build life easier and higher for man. one in every of such areas that microorganism’s area unit adopted is in waste management. the right disposal of the voluminous waste that humans generate in their daily activities may be a nice challenge that government and environmental agencies area unit unceasingly seeking higher ways that of addressing. a crucial method of with success combating this menace is thru the utilization of microorganisms. Thus, this paper examines the varied applications of microorganisms within the management of municipal waste. It reviews the varied roles of microorganisms within the atmosphere, like in waste product and soil treatment, energy generation, oil spillage and hot contamination. It conjointly discusses waste generation and management ways, and a few specific uses of microorganisms (bacteria, fungi, algae, virus and protozoa) in waste management. It concludes by light some recent advances in microbiological waste management.
微生物在维持环境中许多自然和合成的发展中起着必要的作用。它们具有积极的功能,使人类的生活更轻松、更高尚。每一个这样的领域,微生物的区域单位采用的是在废物管理。人类在日常活动中产生的大量废物的正确处理可能是一个很好的挑战,政府和环境机构地区单位不断寻求更高的解决办法。成功地对付这一威胁的一个关键方法是利用微生物。因此,本文探讨了微生物在城市垃圾管理中的各种应用。它回顾了微生物在大气中的各种作用,如废物和土壤处理、能源生产、石油泄漏和热污染。它还讨论了废物产生和管理方式,以及微生物(细菌、真菌、藻类、病毒和原生动物)在废物管理中的一些具体用途。它简要地总结了微生物废物管理的一些最新进展。
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引用次数: 1
Foggy Image Detection and Filtration Methods: Review 雾图像检测与过滤方法综述
Pub Date : 2021-07-17 DOI: 10.46860/CGCIJCTR.2021.06.31.211
Priyanka, Geetanjali Babbar
Image de-fogging in brightness defined to image calculated in a deprived climate like as fog, rain and ocean and pollutants or dust particles. To alter the fog and some other pollutants from the image, various methods are customized, some mainly utilized methods are DCP, Detection, and Classification of foggy images. Haze is an arrangement of dual components, air-light and DA (Direct Attenuation), low image quality and generates various issues in VS (Video Surveillance), Navigation and Target Tracking, etc. So, its removes from an image, several de-fogging approaches have been discussed in this paper. Image De-fogging can attain utilizing several and single image haze removal techniques. The famous methods are discussed in this paper used for image de-fogging in DCP, Depth-map for accurate estimation, Guided Filter, and Transmission methods. These techniques still efficient in removing haze from images have very high time complexity. The guided filter is a new region preservative filter with region enhancement and smoothing. The previous result was a local linear transformation of the Guided Image. It defines a review of the classification and detection technique of a hazy image. This method mitigates the limitations of filtration and DCP and at the same time preserves the image quality. At that time, described the existing image de-fogging methods containing image restoration, contrast improvement, and fusion-based image de-fogging methods.
图像去雾的亮度定义为在雾、雨、海洋、污染物或尘埃颗粒等恶劣气候条件下计算的图像。为了改变图像中的雾和其他一些污染物,我们定制了各种方法,主要使用的方法有DCP、Detection和Classification of fog images。雾霾是空气光和DA(直接衰减)双组分的排列,图像质量较低,在VS(视频监控)、导航和目标跟踪等方面产生各种问题。因此,本文讨论了从图像中去除雾的几种方法。图像除雾可以实现利用几种和单一的图像雾霾去除技术。本文讨论了DCP中常用的图像除雾方法、精确估计的深度图方法、引导滤波方法和传输方法。这些技术仍然有效地从图像中去除雾霾,但时间复杂度非常高。导频滤波器是一种具有区域增强和平滑特性的新型区域保存滤波器。之前的结果是对引导图像进行局部线性变换。综述了模糊图像的分类与检测技术。该方法在保证图像质量的同时,减轻了滤波和DCP的局限性。当时,描述了现有的图像除雾方法,包括图像恢复、对比度改善和基于融合的图像除雾方法。
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引用次数: 0
Explore In Teaching Using Data-Mining Technique 数据挖掘技术在教学中的应用探讨
Pub Date : 2021-07-17 DOI: 10.46860/CGCIJCTR.2021.06.31.162
Ravi Sharma, T. Brar
iAs ian iinterdisciplinary iorder, iinformation imining i(DM) iis ifamous iin itraining iterritory iparticularly iwhile iinspecting iunderstudies' ilearning iexhibitions. iIt icenters ion ibreaking idown iinstructive irelated iinformation ito icreate imodels ifor iimproving istudents' ilearning iencounters iand iupgrading iinstitutional iadequacy. iSubsequently, iDM ihelps ischooling iorganizations igive itop inotch itraining ito iits istudents. iApplying iinformation imining iin itraining iotherwise icalled iinstructive iinformation imining i(EDM), iwhich iempowers ito imore ireadily isee ihow iunderstudies ilearn iand irecognize ihow iimprove iinstructive iresults. iPresent ipaper iis iintended ito ilegitimize ithe icapacities iof iinformation imining iapproaches iin ithe irecorded iof itraining. iThe imost irecent ipatterns ion iEDM iresearch iare ipresented iin ithis isurvey. iA ifew iexplicit icalculations, istrategies, iapplications iand iholes iin ithe icurrent iwriting iand ifuture iexperiences iare italked iabout ihere.
作为一门跨学科的学科,信息挖掘(DM)是著名的培训领域,尤其是在考察学生的学习情况时。该中心正在分解不具启发性的相关信息,以创建模型,以改善学生的学习经验,并改善制度上的不足。随后,iDM帮助学校组织对其学生进行最先进的技术培训。在培训中应用信息挖掘,也被称为指导性信息挖掘(EDM),它可以让我们更容易地看到学生是如何学习的,并认识到如何提高指导性结果。本文的目的是为了证明信息挖掘方法在培训中所具有的能力是不合法的。本调查显示了edm研究的最新模式。在这篇文章中,我们讨论了当前的计算、策略、应用以及未来的经验。
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引用次数: 0
Millimeter Wave Communication for 5G Networks 5G网络的毫米波通信
Pub Date : 2021-07-17 DOI: 10.46860/CGCIJCTR.2021.06.31.196
Parveen Singla, Shabnam Thakur, Rinkesh Mittal, Mohit Srivastava
The severe increase in the number of consumers in wireless technology has caused traffic processing problems, so the mobile data growth needs a super-productive mobile network. In upcoming 5G technology, that provides faster data rates, low latency; better service quality and greater capacity have emerged. Different frequencies are used to transmit and receive data via radio waves. Between conventional and millimeter wave communications, it is considered that there are essential differences in directivity, sensitivity to blocking and high propagation loss. On some issues, millimeter wave brings various challenges in communication, such as ant blocking, interference management, space reuse etc. The main focus of this paper is to present 5G’s characteristics wave communication and discussing the use of available bandwidth in millimeter wave spectrum carefully and the benefit to next generation mobile users.
无线技术用户数量的急剧增加导致了流量处理问题,因此移动数据的增长需要一个超级高产的移动网络。在即将到来的5G技术中,它提供更快的数据速率、更低的延迟;服务质量和容量不断提高。使用不同的频率通过无线电波传输和接收数据。传统通信和毫米波通信在指向性、阻塞敏感性和高传输损耗等方面存在本质差异。毫米波给通信带来了蚁群阻塞、干扰管理、空间复用等诸多挑战。本文的重点是介绍5G的特征波通信,并仔细讨论毫米波频谱中可用带宽的使用以及对下一代移动用户的好处。
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引用次数: 1
Blood Group Susceptibility towardsCOVID-19 and Other Diseases 新型冠状病毒肺炎及其他疾病的血型易感性
Pub Date : 2021-07-17 DOI: 10.46860/CGCIJCTR.2021.06.31.171
Renuka Sharma, M. Kaur, N. ., N. Yadav, Parminder Kaur, Sarbjeet Kaur
COVID – 19 is a global pandemic caused by a coronavirus named SARS CoV -2. A large family of viruses that causes severe respiratory diseases known as Coronavirus (CoVs) show symptoms such as common cold and range to more rare and severe respiratory diseases such SARAS i.e Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome and MERS i.e Middle East Respiratory Syndrome detected for the first time in 2003 and 2012, respectively. It is expected to be a zoonotic virus transmitted via bats categorically, from genus Rhinolophus and closely related animals to humans. As this life threatening pandemic started from the Wuhan city of China, and the examination about this disease is still in continuity. It is very important to explore all possible scientific key points regarding this disease to eradicate such a dangerous issue from the society and to save the human race on earth. Literature available till now confirmed that the ABO blood group system showed significant relationship with various diseases. Now, scientific communities were working on different aspects of COVID-19 disease. But by keeping in mind about the severity of this disease and the relationship of blood group system of humans with infectious disease we conducted this study. Present review is designed to explore the relationship of COVID-19 alongwith other disease with the ABO blood group and Von Willebrand Factor. This study will provide information about the scientific evidences regarding the role of blood group antigens in prognosis of COVID-19 alongwith other disease and this can be significant for future research.
COVID - 19是由一种名为SARS CoV -2的冠状病毒引起的全球大流行。冠状病毒(cov)是导致严重呼吸道疾病的一大病毒家族,其症状包括普通感冒,范围包括更罕见和更严重的呼吸道疾病,如分别于2003年和2012年首次发现的严重急性呼吸综合征(SARAS)和中东呼吸综合征(MERS)。预计这是一种人畜共患病毒,通过蝙蝠传播,从鼻鼻属和密切相关的动物传播给人类。由于这场威胁生命的大流行始于中国武汉市,有关该病的检查仍在继续。为了从社会上根除这一危险的问题,拯救地球上的人类,探索所有可能的科学关键点是非常重要的。目前已有文献证实,ABO血型系统与多种疾病有显著关系。现在,科学界正在研究COVID-19疾病的不同方面。但是考虑到这种疾病的严重性以及人类血型系统与传染病的关系我们进行了这项研究。本综述旨在探讨COVID-19与其他疾病与ABO血型和血管性血友病因子的关系。本研究将为血型抗原在COVID-19及其他疾病预后中的作用提供科学证据,这对未来的研究具有重要意义。
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引用次数: 0
Software Security: Role in SDLC 软件安全:在SDLC中的角色
Pub Date : 2021-07-17 DOI: 10.46860/CGCIJCTR.2021.06.31.205
Shanky Goyal, Navleen Kaur, Sachin Majithia
This research emphasizes mainly on the need for software security. Softwares are developing at a faster pace so it is required to impose security on them in order to secure them from cybercrimes. Softwares have been facing problems by the attackers who are constantly kept on breaching the Data. Therefore this survey comprises the phases that are an integral part of the SDLC from the security point of views such as Design and testing phase. Moreover, it quests upon the data related to threats and attacks. Not only this, but it also involves the prerequisites that have to be determined before developing the software like, what are the approaches that should be followed and what are the best suitable designs to secure the software?
本研究主要强调对软件安全的需求。软件正在以更快的速度发展,因此需要对它们施加安全措施,以保护它们免受网络犯罪的侵害。软件一直面临着攻击者的问题,他们不断地破坏数据。因此,从安全性的角度来看,这个调查包括了作为SDLC不可分割部分的阶段,比如设计和测试阶段。此外,它还查询与威胁和攻击有关的数据。不仅如此,它还涉及到在开发软件之前必须确定的先决条件,例如,应该遵循的方法是什么,以及什么是最适合的设计来保护软件?
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引用次数: 0
A Review on Different Regression Techniques and its applications used in Machine Learning 不同回归技术及其在机器学习中的应用综述
Pub Date : 2021-07-17 DOI: 10.46860/CGCIJCTR.2021.06.31.217
Anmol Kaur, Jaspreet Kaur, Maninder Kaur
Regression Analysis is an assortment of factual methods that fill in as an explanation behind drawing acceptances about associations among the various interrelated elements. This technique is pretty much applicable in almost everywhere in study field which includes biological sciences, social studies and relapse examination. The main purpose of this research paper is to evolve the vital hypothesis for the factual Regression Technique and also to demonstrate the hypothesis with a collection of wide variety of various models looked over economical aspects, demography, sketching and engineering concepts. To assemble the relevant content which is independent from various insights, mathematics based on variable and numerical investigation is included.
回归分析是一种事实方法的分类,它填补了在各种相互关联的元素之间的关联的绘图接受背后的解释。这种方法在生物科学、社会科学、复诊检查等各个研究领域都有广泛的应用。本研究论文的主要目的是发展事实回归技术的重要假设,并通过经济方面,人口统计学,素描和工程概念的各种模型的集合来证明这一假设。为了整合独立于各种见解的相关内容,包括基于变量和数值调查的数学。
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引用次数: 0
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CGC International Journal of Contemporary Technology and Research
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