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Comparative Analysis of Bilateral Filter and its Variants for Magnetic Resonance Imaging 磁共振成像中双侧滤波器及其变体的比较分析
Q4 Medicine Pub Date : 2020-11-09 DOI: 10.2174/1874440002013010021
Bobbinpreet Kaur, Ayush Dogra, Bhawna Goyal
The idea of a noiseless system is still hypothetical. All the practical systems have some amount of noise present in them. This noise occurs basically due to the design and structure of acquisition devices. The efficiency of various fields of image processing is largely affected by the quantity of noise. Noise is an undesired portion present in the signals which hinders the quality and efficient transmission. While considering Noise in Images, it largely changes the information content present in the Image.
无噪声系统的想法仍然是假设的。所有的实际系统中都存在一定数量的噪声。这种噪声的产生主要是由于采集设备的设计和结构。噪声的多少在很大程度上影响着图像处理各个领域的效率。噪声是信号中不希望出现的部分,它会影响传输的质量和效率。在考虑图像中的噪声时,它很大程度上改变了图像中存在的信息内容。
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引用次数: 3
Brain Age Estimation Using UK Biobank Data: Methodologies and Outcomes 利用英国生物库数据估计脑年龄:方法和结果
Q4 Medicine Pub Date : 2020-10-07 DOI: 10.2174/18744400-v13-e221007-2020-5
Ahmed M. A. Salih
Brain age estimation has received much attention from neurologists and researchers in recent years. It can be used to track cognition development and monitoring brain diseases progress throughout life span for both healthy and patient’s people. Different methods and data have been used to predict age of brain based on research objective. Supervised ma-chine learning methods are used to estimate brain age as a regression problem. UK Biobank is a large cohort prospective that gathered health related data about 500, 000 British aged between 40 and 69 since 2006. Many studies have used UK biobank data to estimate brain age. We discuss their methods, data used and the objective of these studies. We also highlight the differences among them despite the use of same data and for the same purpose.
近年来,脑年龄估计受到神经学家和研究人员的广泛关注。它可以用于跟踪健康人和患者的认知发展,并在整个生命周期内监测脑疾病的进展。基于研究目的,已经使用了不同的方法和数据来预测大脑的年龄。有监督的机器学习方法被用来将大脑年龄估计为一个回归问题。英国生物银行是一个大型前瞻性队列,自2006年以来收集了约50万名年龄在40岁至69岁之间的英国人的健康相关数据。许多研究使用英国生物库数据来估计大脑年龄。我们讨论了他们的方法、使用的数据和这些研究的目的。我们还强调了它们之间的差异,尽管使用了相同的数据并用于相同的目的。
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引用次数: 0
Hemicerebrum Infarction or Artifact: Effects of Out-of Center Positioning 半脑梗塞或伪影:偏离中心定位的影响
Q4 Medicine Pub Date : 2020-09-22 DOI: 10.2174/1874440002013010016
Rob J. J. Westerlaken, Antoine van der Linden, Laurien Oosterwijk, L. Bok, C. Pul, F. Halbertsma
CT scan (or X-ray computed tomography (X-ray CT) or computerized axial tomography scan (CAT scan)), has revolutionized neurologic imaging and diagnostic possibilities since its introduction. Although MRI can provide more detailed information, CT remains valuable due to its easy accessibility and prompt results. And especially in smaller children, there is hardly ever a necessity for sedation as opposed to MRI.
CT扫描(或x射线计算机断层扫描(x射线CT)或计算机轴向断层扫描(CAT扫描)),自推出以来已经彻底改变了神经影像学和诊断的可能性。虽然MRI可以提供更详细的信息,但CT仍因其易于获取和及时的结果而具有价值。尤其是在年幼的孩子身上,几乎没有必要像核磁共振成像那样使用镇静剂。
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引用次数: 0
Traditional and Advanced Neuroimaging Contributions to the Diagnosis and Differential Diagnosis of Central Nervous System Lymphoma Patients Visiting a Comprehensive Medical Center 传统和先进的神经影像学对综合医疗中心中枢神经系统淋巴瘤患者的诊断和鉴别诊断的贡献
Q4 Medicine Pub Date : 2020-08-19 DOI: 10.2174/1874440002013010006
Ali M. El Dirani, Zahraa Hachem, A. Mohanna, A. Zaylaa
The diagnosis of Central Nervous System Lymphoma, especially the Primary Central Nervous System Lymphoma is carried out based on brain imaging, thus avoiding an unnecessary extend of surgery. But the traditional imaging techniques, such as Computed Tomography and Magnetic Resonance Imaging, were not satisfactory. This study was conducted to characterize the spectrum of advanced Neuroimaging, such as the advanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging features in the Central Nervous System Lymphoma patients in a comprehensive medical center in Lebanon, and compare them to what has been described in the literature review. It is a retrospective exploratory study of the clinical data and imaging features for patients admitted to the emergency and radiology departments with ages above 10 years, and who were diagnosed histopathologically with intracranial lymphoma. This study may be the first to make a Radiological evaluation of Central Nervous System Lymphoma on the local population of patients over 9 years . Results showed that the study of the Computed Tomography and Magnetic Resonance Imaging data of 10 immunocompetent patients with Central Nervous System Lymphoma concurs with the previously described patient populations, except for the gender parameter. Tumors were mostly presented in the fifth or Sixth decade and they could be solitary or multi-focal. Lesions were typically located Preprint submitted to The Open Neuroimaging Journal May 14, 2020 in the supratentorial compartment. On the brain Computed Tomography, the lesions were hyperdense, and in pre-contrast Magnetic Resonance images, the lesions appeared hypointense on T1 and hyperintense on T2-Weighted images, but hypointense with respect to the grey matter. The lesions were also surrounded with a mild to moderate edema as compared to other intracranial neoplasms, such as glioblastomas. Evaluation results showed that on post-contrast Magnetic Resonance images, the majority of lesions exhibited a homogeneous enhancement of 50%. Majority of the lesions also showed a less common heterogeneous ring-like enhancement of 40%, and revealed the uncommon absence of enhancement of 10%. Calcifications, hemorrhage, and necrosis were rare findings and were present in only one patient. As a future prospect, studying whether the advanced imaging techniques may provide not only non-invasive and morphological characteristics but also non-invasive biological characteristics and thus accurate diagnosis could be considered.
中枢神经系统淋巴瘤,特别是原发性中枢神经系统淋巴瘤的诊断是基于大脑成像进行的,从而避免了不必要的手术扩展。但传统的成像技术,如计算机断层扫描和磁共振成像,并不令人满意。本研究旨在表征高级神经成像的频谱,如黎巴嫩一家综合医疗中心中枢神经系统淋巴瘤患者的高级磁共振成像特征,并将其与文献综述中描述的进行比较。这是一项对10岁以上急诊科和放射科患者的临床数据和影像学特征的回顾性探索性研究,这些患者在组织病理学上被诊断为颅内淋巴瘤。这项研究可能是第一次对9年以上的当地患者群体进行中枢神经系统淋巴瘤的放射学评估。结果显示,对10名免疫活性中枢神经系统淋巴瘤患者的计算机断层扫描和磁共振成像数据的研究与先前描述的患者群体一致,但性别参数除外。肿瘤大多出现在第五或第六个十年,它们可能是孤立的或多灶的。损伤通常是在2020年5月14日提交给《开放神经影像学杂志》的预印本中位于幕上隔室。在大脑计算机断层扫描上,病变是高密度的,在对比前磁共振图像中,病变在T1上表现为低强度,在T2加权图像上表现为高强度,但在灰质方面表现为低密度。与其他颅内肿瘤(如胶质母细胞瘤)相比,病变周围也有轻度至中度水肿。评估结果显示,在对比度后的磁共振图像上,大多数病变表现出50%的均匀增强。大多数病变也表现出不太常见的不均匀环状增强40%,而罕见的无增强10%。钙化、出血和坏死是罕见的表现,仅在一名患者中出现。作为未来的展望,研究先进的成像技术是否不仅可以提供非侵入性和形态学特征,还可以提供非侵袭性的生物学特征,从而可以考虑准确的诊断。
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引用次数: 0
Paroxysmal Lower Limb Tremor as a Rare Presentation of Colloid Cyst of the Third Ventricle: A Case Report and Literature Review 罕见第三脑室胶体囊性发作性下肢震颤1例报告及文献复习
Q4 Medicine Pub Date : 2020-07-30 DOI: 10.2174/1874440002013010001
Efthalia Angelopoulou, Eleftheria Koropouli, G. Velonakis, G. Koutsis, M. Anagnostouli, Ioannis, Tzartos, Dimitrios Tzanetakos, G. Stranjalis, C. Kilidireas, M. Evangelopoulos
Colloid cysts of the third ventricle are benign intracranial tumors. They are most commonly presented with signs of intracranial hypertension due to obstructive hydrocephalus, including headache, nausea/vomiting and vision disturbances, whereas extrapyramidal symptoms such as tremor are very rare. Sudden death, due to abruptly developed hydrocephalus, can be also observed. Although paroxysmal symptomatology attributed to the intermittent obstruction of the foramen of Monro is considered the “classical” clinical presentation, it is rather the exception in clinical practice.
第三脑室胶质囊肿是颅内良性肿瘤。他们最常见的症状是阻塞性脑积水引起的颅内高压,包括头痛、恶心/呕吐和视力障碍,而锥体外系症状如震颤非常罕见。也可以观察到突发性脑积水导致的猝死。尽管Monro孔间歇性阻塞引起的阵发性症状被认为是“经典”的临床表现,但在临床实践中却是个例外。
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引用次数: 0
Review of Progress in Atomic Force Microscopy 原子力显微镜研究进展综述
Q4 Medicine Pub Date : 2018-12-31 DOI: 10.2174/1874440001812010086
S. Maghsoudy-Louyeh, M. Kropf, B. Tittmann
The study of biological samples is one of the most attractive and innovative fields of application of atomic force microscopy AFM. Recent breakthroughs in software and hardware have revolutionized this field and this paper reports on recent trends and describes examples of applications on biological samples. Originally developed for high-resolution imaging purposes, the AFM also has unique capabilities as a nano-indentor to probe the dynamic visco-elastic material properties of living cells in culture. In particular, AFM elastography combines imaging and indentation modalities to map the spatial distribution of cell mechanical properties, which in turn reflect the structure and function of the underlying structure. This paper describes the progress and development of atomic force microscopy as applied to animal and plant cell structures.
生物样品的研究是原子力显微镜AFM最具吸引力和创新性的应用领域之一。最近在软件和硬件方面的突破彻底改变了这一领域,本文报道了最近的趋势,并描述了在生物样品上的应用实例。AFM最初是为高分辨率成像目的而开发的,作为一种纳米压头,它还具有独特的能力,可以探测培养中活细胞的动态粘弹性材料特性。特别是,AFM弹性成像结合了成像和压痕模态来绘制细胞力学性能的空间分布,进而反映底层结构的结构和功能。本文介绍了原子力显微镜在动植物细胞结构中的应用进展。
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引用次数: 11
Visualization of Medical Problems for Early Detection 医学问题可视化的早期发现
Q4 Medicine Pub Date : 2018-12-31 DOI: 10.2174/1874440001812010066
Sanchiro Yoshida
In the recent advancement of the medical science, the improvement in the diagnostic technology plays an extremely important role. Needless to say, early detection of a medical problem and its accurate diagnosis provide more options in the treatment, resulting in a better prognosis and recovery rate. From the diagnostic technological point of view, there are two factors that should be addressed. The first one is that the technology be with a high spatial resolution. Ideally, the spatial resolution should be at the cell-level. The other factor is that the diagnostic procedure be as least invasive as possible. Oftentimes, invasive procedures not only cause discomfort to the patient but also cause substantial damage to the patient’s condition and thereby degrade the prognosis.
在最近的医学进步中,诊断技术的改进起着极其重要的作用。不用说,早期发现医疗问题及其准确诊断为治疗提供了更多选择,从而提高了预后和康复率。从诊断技术的角度来看,有两个因素需要解决。第一个是该技术具有高的空间分辨率。理想情况下,空间分辨率应该在单元级别。另一个因素是诊断程序的侵入性尽可能小。通常,侵入性手术不仅会给患者带来不适,还会对患者的病情造成严重损害,从而降低预后。
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引用次数: 0
Contrast Mechanisms for Tumor Cells by High-frequency Ultrasound 高频超声对肿瘤细胞造影剂的作用机制
Q4 Medicine Pub Date : 2018-12-31 DOI: 10.2174/1874440001812010105
Y. Juntarapaso, C. Miyasaka, R. Tutwiler, P. Anastasiadis
Scanning Acoustic Microscopy (SAM) is a powerful technique for both the non-destructive determination of mechanical and elastic properties of biological specimens and for the ultrasonic imaging at a micrometer resolution. The implication of biomechanical properties during the onset and progression of disease has been established rendering a profound understanding of the relationship between mechanoelastic and biochemical signaling at a molecular level crucial. Computer simulation algorithms were developed for the generation of images and the investigation of contrast mechanisms in high-frequency and ultra-high frequency SAM. Furthermore, we determined the mechanical and elastic properties of HeLa and MCF-7 cells. Algorithms for simulatingV(z)responses were developed based on the ray and wave theory (angular spectrum). Theoretical simulations for high-frequency SAM array designs were performed with the Field II software. In these simulations, we applied phased array beam formation and dynamic apodization and focusing. The purpose of our transducer simulations was to explore volumetric imaging capabilities. The novel transducer arrays designed in this research aim at improving the performance of SAM systems by introducing electronic steering and hence, allowing for the 4D imaging of cells and tissues.
扫描声学显微镜(SAM)是一种强大的技术,可以无损检测生物样品的机械和弹性特性,也可以进行微米分辨率的超声成像。生物力学特性在疾病发生和发展过程中的意义已经确立,这使得在分子水平上深刻理解机械弹性和生物化学信号之间的关系至关重要。开发了用于高频和超高频SAM中图像生成和对比机制研究的计算机模拟算法。此外,我们还确定了HeLa和MCF-7细胞的力学和弹性特性。基于射线和波动理论(角谱),开发了模拟V(z)响应的算法。使用Field II软件对高频SAM阵列设计进行了理论模拟。在这些模拟中,我们应用了相控阵波束形成、动态变迹和聚焦。我们的换能器模拟的目的是探索体积成像能力。本研究中设计的新型换能器阵列旨在通过引入电子转向来提高SAM系统的性能,从而实现细胞和组织的4D成像。
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引用次数: 1
Overview of Recent Advancement in Ultrasonic Imaging for Biomedical Applications 超声成像在生物医学应用中的最新进展综述
Q4 Medicine Pub Date : 2018-12-31 DOI: 10.2174/1874440001812010133
C. Miyasaka, Sanchiro Yoshida
This paper discusses the application of acoustic microscopy to the detection of cancerous cells. Acoustic microscopy is a welldeveloped technique but the application to biological tissues is challenging. Acoustic microscopy images abnormality based on the difference in the acoustic impedance from the background. One of the difficulties in the biomedical applications is that since both normal and abnormal cells consist of mostly water, their acoustic impedance is quite close to each other. Consequently, the contrast of the image tends to be low. Another issue is concerning the spatial resolution. For higher resolution, the use of a short wavelength is essential. However, since the attenuation of an ultrasonic signal increases quadratically with the frequency, the reduction in the wavelength compromises the image quality. The present paper addresses these issues and describes various techniques to overcome the problems.
本文讨论了声学显微镜在癌细胞检测中的应用。声学显微镜是一种发展良好的技术,但在生物组织中的应用具有挑战性。声学显微镜根据声阻抗与背景的差异对异常进行成像。生物医学应用中的困难之一是,由于正常细胞和异常细胞主要由水组成,它们的声阻抗非常接近。因此,图像的对比度往往较低。另一个问题是关于空间分辨率。对于更高的分辨率,使用短波长是必不可少的。然而,由于超声波信号的衰减随频率呈二次方增加,因此波长的减小会损害图像质量。本文解决了这些问题,并描述了克服这些问题的各种技术。
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引用次数: 3
Dynamic Analysis of Vibration, Muscle Firing, and Force as a Novel Model for Non-Invasive Assessment of Joint Disruption in the knee: A Multiple Case Report 振动、肌肉发射和力的动态分析作为一种无创评估膝关节关节断裂的新模型:多例报告
Q4 Medicine Pub Date : 2018-12-31 DOI: 10.2174/1874440001812010120
D. Hollander, S. Yoshida, U. Tiwari, A. Saladino, M. Nguyen, Benjamin D. Boudreaux, B. Hadley
We present a new method for understanding knee pathology through non-invasive techniques. The combination of electromyography (EMG), vibroarthrographic (VAG), and force analysis in proposed to examine the force transfer between unhealthy and healthy knees. A multiple case report is presented to demonstrate the technique and its potential application for future study. The comparison of four individuals’ knee characteristics will be explained using this innovative methodology.
我们提出了一种通过非侵入性技术了解膝关节病理的新方法。提出将肌电图(EMG)、振动关节图(VAG)和力分析相结合来检测不健康和健康膝盖之间的力传递。一份多病例报告展示了该技术及其在未来研究中的潜在应用。四个人的膝盖特征的比较将使用这种创新的方法进行解释。
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引用次数: 3
期刊
Open Neuroimaging Journal
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