Pub Date : 2022-11-03DOI: 10.1109/MetroAgriFor55389.2022.9964716
Eugenio Straffelini, P. Tarolli
Viticulture, when practised in its traditional form, can contribute to creating unique cultural landscapes. Several examples exist worldwide, often included in specific protection lists that aim to protect and promote them (such as UNESCO and GIAHS). The complex morphological characteristics of these territories, resulting from centuries of human-nature interaction, make them fragile and susceptible to external disturbances. Among the responsible for serious impacts are the surface processes triggered by heavy rainfall. It causes direct effects on the landscape, from soil erosion to collapses of rural structures to vast areas of land degradation. This phenomenon is accelerated by two factors. The first is climate change, with an increase in the frequency of extreme rainfall events; the second is unsustainable human development, which is reflected in agricultural practices. Of considerable interest is the issue of soil compaction caused by the transit of agricultural machinery. In addition to purely agronomic problems, this is associated with increased surface runoff and resulting issues. Therefore, it is necessary to promote lighter machinery, at least for small agricultural duties. Although innovation is making great strides in the mechanical sector, there is still much to be done in understanding what the benefits in terms of surface processes of using light machinery in viticulture might be. This investigation encourages research in this direction, proposing a remote sensing and modelling approach based on data collected in the field and surveyed using U A V -SfM. The goal of the paper is to evaluate the advantages of using a lightweight prototype for vineyard cultivation compared to a traditional competitor. Firstly, the work attempts to assess the critical precipitation thresholds that activate surface runoff for two rows of an experimental vineyard, one operated with a light prototype and the other with a traditional tractor. In addition, the work simulates a recent critical rainfall event that occurred in the vineyard and diagnostically compares the two study rows. Research outcomes aim to stimulate technological innovation toward more sustainable light mechanisation, as well as to raise farmers' awareness of their primary role in preserving cultural agricultural landscapes.
以传统形式进行的葡萄栽培可以为创造独特的文化景观做出贡献。世界上有几个例子，通常被列入旨在保护和促进它们的具体保护清单(如联合国教科文组织和GIAHS)。这些领土的复杂形态特征，是几个世纪以来人类与自然相互作用的结果，使它们变得脆弱，容易受到外部干扰。造成严重影响的是由强降雨引发的地表过程。它对景观造成直接影响，从土壤侵蚀到农村建筑倒塌，再到大面积土地退化。两个因素加速了这一现象。首先是气候变化，极端降雨事件的频率有所增加;第二是不可持续的人类发展，这反映在农业实践中。农业机械运输造成的土壤压实问题引起了相当大的兴趣。除了纯粹的农艺问题外，这还与地表径流增加和由此产生的问题有关。因此，有必要推广轻型机械，至少对于小型农业来说是如此。尽管创新在机械领域取得了巨大的进步，但在了解在葡萄栽培中使用轻型机械的表面过程的好处方面仍有很多工作要做。这项调查鼓励了这方面的研究，提出了一种基于实地收集的数据并使用U a V -SfM进行调查的遥感和建模方法。本文的目的是评估与传统竞争对手相比，使用轻量级原型进行葡萄园种植的优势。首先，这项工作试图评估激活两排实验葡萄园地表径流的关键降水阈值，其中一排使用轻型原型机，另一排使用传统拖拉机。此外，这项工作模拟了葡萄园最近发生的一次关键降雨事件，并对两行研究进行了诊断性比较。研究成果旨在促进技术创新，以实现更可持续的轻型机械化，并提高农民对保护文化农业景观的主要作用的认识。
{"title":"Viticulture and Cultural Landscapes: remote sensing and Earth surface processes modelling to promote sustainable agricultural practices","authors":"Eugenio Straffelini, P. Tarolli","doi":"10.1109/MetroAgriFor55389.2022.9964716","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MetroAgriFor55389.2022.9964716","url":null,"abstract":"Viticulture, when practised in its traditional form, can contribute to creating unique cultural landscapes. Several examples exist worldwide, often included in specific protection lists that aim to protect and promote them (such as UNESCO and GIAHS). The complex morphological characteristics of these territories, resulting from centuries of human-nature interaction, make them fragile and susceptible to external disturbances. Among the responsible for serious impacts are the surface processes triggered by heavy rainfall. It causes direct effects on the landscape, from soil erosion to collapses of rural structures to vast areas of land degradation. This phenomenon is accelerated by two factors. The first is climate change, with an increase in the frequency of extreme rainfall events; the second is unsustainable human development, which is reflected in agricultural practices. Of considerable interest is the issue of soil compaction caused by the transit of agricultural machinery. In addition to purely agronomic problems, this is associated with increased surface runoff and resulting issues. Therefore, it is necessary to promote lighter machinery, at least for small agricultural duties. Although innovation is making great strides in the mechanical sector, there is still much to be done in understanding what the benefits in terms of surface processes of using light machinery in viticulture might be. This investigation encourages research in this direction, proposing a remote sensing and modelling approach based on data collected in the field and surveyed using U A V -SfM. The goal of the paper is to evaluate the advantages of using a lightweight prototype for vineyard cultivation compared to a traditional competitor. Firstly, the work attempts to assess the critical precipitation thresholds that activate surface runoff for two rows of an experimental vineyard, one operated with a light prototype and the other with a traditional tractor. In addition, the work simulates a recent critical rainfall event that occurred in the vineyard and diagnostically compares the two study rows. Research outcomes aim to stimulate technological innovation toward more sustainable light mechanisation, as well as to raise farmers' awareness of their primary role in preserving cultural agricultural landscapes.","PeriodicalId":374452,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE Workshop on Metrology for Agriculture and Forestry (MetroAgriFor)","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126334009","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-03DOI: 10.1109/MetroAgriFor55389.2022.9965046
F. Radicioni, A. Stoppini, G. Tosi, L. Marconi
GNSS navigation methods have acquired an increasing role in precision agriculture, especially for machine control and guidance, allowing to obtain high accuracy position data thanks to the RTK/NRTK technique. The aim of this work is to test the correct functioning of automatic driving systems with differential correction obtained from a regional GNSS network (GPS Umbria), evaluating the advantages of multi-constellation corrections with respect to the GPS + GLONASS configuration, more usual for agricultural applications. For testing purposes an independent geodetic receiver was installed on NRTK controlled vehicles performing a contemporary data acquisition. The experimental campaign was carried out during different agricultural processes in test areas in Umbria (central Italy) with variable environmental conditions. The results obtained with the geodetic receiver were used as a reference solution to validate the measurements performed by the systems on board the vehicles, and comparisons were made between the accuracies obtained with GPS-GLONASS only versus a full multi-constellation navigation, demonstrating the advantages obtainable with the latter.
{"title":"Multi-constellation Network RTK for Automatic Guidance in Precision Agriculture","authors":"F. Radicioni, A. Stoppini, G. Tosi, L. Marconi","doi":"10.1109/MetroAgriFor55389.2022.9965046","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MetroAgriFor55389.2022.9965046","url":null,"abstract":"GNSS navigation methods have acquired an increasing role in precision agriculture, especially for machine control and guidance, allowing to obtain high accuracy position data thanks to the RTK/NRTK technique. The aim of this work is to test the correct functioning of automatic driving systems with differential correction obtained from a regional GNSS network (GPS Umbria), evaluating the advantages of multi-constellation corrections with respect to the GPS + GLONASS configuration, more usual for agricultural applications. For testing purposes an independent geodetic receiver was installed on NRTK controlled vehicles performing a contemporary data acquisition. The experimental campaign was carried out during different agricultural processes in test areas in Umbria (central Italy) with variable environmental conditions. The results obtained with the geodetic receiver were used as a reference solution to validate the measurements performed by the systems on board the vehicles, and comparisons were made between the accuracies obtained with GPS-GLONASS only versus a full multi-constellation navigation, demonstrating the advantages obtainable with the latter.","PeriodicalId":374452,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE Workshop on Metrology for Agriculture and Forestry (MetroAgriFor)","volume":"54 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133245068","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-03DOI: 10.1109/MetroAgriFor55389.2022.9965071
L. Biagini, C. Zinnanti, S. Severini
Risk assessment at the farm level is pivotal to developing appropriate managerial choices. This is specifically needed to identify and use the appropriate mix of available risk management tools. Among these is the appropriate choice of the level of use of inputs such as irrigation water and chemicals. Several pieces of information and methods are used for this scope. However, the type and amount of data available often represent a constraint to improving the analyses. In economic research, the input use is generally not measured in terms of quantity but in terms of costs farmers pay for these categories of inputs due to the heterogeneous nature of the inputs. The inputs generally considered are irrigation water, fertilizers, chemicals, labour and other inputs. The purpose of the analysis is to assess whether shifting from using the costs of water only to also using the physical amount of water changes the assessment of farm risk and, finally, whether this can improve the quality of the assessment. This paper resorts to an econometric approach that allows assessing the role of variable inputs, as well as other farm characteristics, on the risk profile of farms. The latter is described according to the moments of the deviation of observed income from predicted incomes. However, because data on the amount of irrigation water is provided, the model is estimated two times: one using the cost of water only and another using data in quantity (m3). The preliminary results of the analysis suggest that including data on the physical amount of water used for irrigation does indeed change the outcome of the risk assessment generating some improvements, at least in the case study. These results, even if referred to only irrigation water, suggest that the availability of quantitative data could improve risk assessment. Therefore, it is possible to argue that the application of new technologies that allow measuring input use at the individual farm level, such as those related to the Internet of Things (IoT) and, more in general, to Agriculture 4.0, could indeed ameliorate the results of similar analyses.
{"title":"Benefits of using production factors in assessing farm risk: a simulation on the role of irrigation data","authors":"L. Biagini, C. Zinnanti, S. Severini","doi":"10.1109/MetroAgriFor55389.2022.9965071","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MetroAgriFor55389.2022.9965071","url":null,"abstract":"Risk assessment at the farm level is pivotal to developing appropriate managerial choices. This is specifically needed to identify and use the appropriate mix of available risk management tools. Among these is the appropriate choice of the level of use of inputs such as irrigation water and chemicals. Several pieces of information and methods are used for this scope. However, the type and amount of data available often represent a constraint to improving the analyses. In economic research, the input use is generally not measured in terms of quantity but in terms of costs farmers pay for these categories of inputs due to the heterogeneous nature of the inputs. The inputs generally considered are irrigation water, fertilizers, chemicals, labour and other inputs. The purpose of the analysis is to assess whether shifting from using the costs of water only to also using the physical amount of water changes the assessment of farm risk and, finally, whether this can improve the quality of the assessment. This paper resorts to an econometric approach that allows assessing the role of variable inputs, as well as other farm characteristics, on the risk profile of farms. The latter is described according to the moments of the deviation of observed income from predicted incomes. However, because data on the amount of irrigation water is provided, the model is estimated two times: one using the cost of water only and another using data in quantity (m3). The preliminary results of the analysis suggest that including data on the physical amount of water used for irrigation does indeed change the outcome of the risk assessment generating some improvements, at least in the case study. These results, even if referred to only irrigation water, suggest that the availability of quantitative data could improve risk assessment. Therefore, it is possible to argue that the application of new technologies that allow measuring input use at the individual farm level, such as those related to the Internet of Things (IoT) and, more in general, to Agriculture 4.0, could indeed ameliorate the results of similar analyses.","PeriodicalId":374452,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE Workshop on Metrology for Agriculture and Forestry (MetroAgriFor)","volume":"10 10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115186436","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-03DOI: 10.1109/MetroAgriFor55389.2022.9964645
Fatemeh Khalesi, P. Daponte, L. De Vito, F. Picariello, IOAN TUDOSA
Success in Precision Agriculture (PA) for improving crop performance and environmental quality is related to how well and accurately vegetation, soil, and environment parameters are measured. This paper proposes a preliminary assessment of the measurement uncertainty related to Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) by considering wavelength as uncertainty source. Furthermore, it reports an overview of the main sensors embedded in UAVs for PA applications. In particular, the physical principles of multispectral cameras and the impact of the atmospheric absorption and scattering on the spectral measurements are discussed. Also, three figures of merit widely used in PA (i.e., NDVI, Normalized Difference Moisture Index, and Crop Water Stress Index) are presented.
{"title":"UAV in Precision Agriculture: a Preliminary Assessment of Uncertainty for Vegetation Health Index","authors":"Fatemeh Khalesi, P. Daponte, L. De Vito, F. Picariello, IOAN TUDOSA","doi":"10.1109/MetroAgriFor55389.2022.9964645","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MetroAgriFor55389.2022.9964645","url":null,"abstract":"Success in Precision Agriculture (PA) for improving crop performance and environmental quality is related to how well and accurately vegetation, soil, and environment parameters are measured. This paper proposes a preliminary assessment of the measurement uncertainty related to Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) by considering wavelength as uncertainty source. Furthermore, it reports an overview of the main sensors embedded in UAVs for PA applications. In particular, the physical principles of multispectral cameras and the impact of the atmospheric absorption and scattering on the spectral measurements are discussed. Also, three figures of merit widely used in PA (i.e., NDVI, Normalized Difference Moisture Index, and Crop Water Stress Index) are presented.","PeriodicalId":374452,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE Workshop on Metrology for Agriculture and Forestry (MetroAgriFor)","volume":"108 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120937006","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-03DOI: 10.1109/MetroAgriFor55389.2022.9965100
G. Toscano, R. Pierdicca, Thomas Gasperini, Andrea Felicetti, G. Rossini, M. Balestra
Bulk density is one of the physical parameters required by ISO 17225–2 to evaluate the quality of wood pellets. A change in this pellet characteristic leads to considerable variations in combustion efficiency. Pellet bulk density calculation is a time-consuming operation which can be carried out since the pellet production phase. Our research aims to develop an alternative method potentially applicable also on-board heating systems. This work has the task of testing and verifying the efficiency of a system that uses a deep neural network, to determine the pellet bulk density. Our implemented system detects, segments, and determines the volume of wood pellets in a bunch. This problem is not trivial, due to the irregular lighting conditions that affect the quality of the images and the overlapping of the wood pellets. However, the differences between estimated and measured bulk density appear to be non-negligible but this approach provides promising results, especially because it is one of the first approaches in the energy sector.
{"title":"Wood pellet bulk density determination by machine vision deep learning technique","authors":"G. Toscano, R. Pierdicca, Thomas Gasperini, Andrea Felicetti, G. Rossini, M. Balestra","doi":"10.1109/MetroAgriFor55389.2022.9965100","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MetroAgriFor55389.2022.9965100","url":null,"abstract":"Bulk density is one of the physical parameters required by ISO 17225–2 to evaluate the quality of wood pellets. A change in this pellet characteristic leads to considerable variations in combustion efficiency. Pellet bulk density calculation is a time-consuming operation which can be carried out since the pellet production phase. Our research aims to develop an alternative method potentially applicable also on-board heating systems. This work has the task of testing and verifying the efficiency of a system that uses a deep neural network, to determine the pellet bulk density. Our implemented system detects, segments, and determines the volume of wood pellets in a bunch. This problem is not trivial, due to the irregular lighting conditions that affect the quality of the images and the overlapping of the wood pellets. However, the differences between estimated and measured bulk density appear to be non-negligible but this approach provides promising results, especially because it is one of the first approaches in the energy sector.","PeriodicalId":374452,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE Workshop on Metrology for Agriculture and Forestry (MetroAgriFor)","volume":"67 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116099796","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-03DOI: 10.1109/MetroAgriFor55389.2022.9964536
Xuejiao An, Zhiguo Li, M. Zude-Sasse
Strawberry fruit are high value products because of their unique flavor appreciated by consumers. However, the soft texture of strawberries makes them sus-ceptible to mechanical damage during post-harvest han-dling, which accelerates the fruit decay. Better insight in the varying mechanical properties of strawberry is needed. Strawberry fruit cells were suspended by 0.3 M mannitol solution and microwave heating. Cell size was measured with particle size analyser based on laser scat-tering technology. Average diameter of cells wasn't re-lated to ripeness stage with 263, 270, and 259 $mu m$ at light, medium and dark red stages, respectively. The absorption coefficients measured in the anthocyanine and chloro-phyll absorption ranges were correlated with the colour appearance as expected. The average absorption coeffi-cient at 655 nm was 3.70, 3.23, and 2.14 cm−1 at dark, me-dium and light red ripening stages, respectively. The average of absorption coefficient at 405 nm was 0.39, 0.31, and 0.13 cm−1 at dark, medium and light red appearing fruit, respectively. The dark red fruit showed enhanced elastic modulus and failure stress, while failure strain was reduced. The cell size, grouped with means of 225, 250, and 275 $mu m$, affected the failure stress in all size groups. Failure strain was different in fruit with small, 225 $mu m$, cell size, whereas the elastic modulus appeared unaffected from cell size.
{"title":"Effect of cell size on mechanics of strawberry fruit tissue","authors":"Xuejiao An, Zhiguo Li, M. Zude-Sasse","doi":"10.1109/MetroAgriFor55389.2022.9964536","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MetroAgriFor55389.2022.9964536","url":null,"abstract":"Strawberry fruit are high value products because of their unique flavor appreciated by consumers. However, the soft texture of strawberries makes them sus-ceptible to mechanical damage during post-harvest han-dling, which accelerates the fruit decay. Better insight in the varying mechanical properties of strawberry is needed. Strawberry fruit cells were suspended by 0.3 M mannitol solution and microwave heating. Cell size was measured with particle size analyser based on laser scat-tering technology. Average diameter of cells wasn't re-lated to ripeness stage with 263, 270, and 259 $mu m$ at light, medium and dark red stages, respectively. The absorption coefficients measured in the anthocyanine and chloro-phyll absorption ranges were correlated with the colour appearance as expected. The average absorption coeffi-cient at 655 nm was 3.70, 3.23, and 2.14 cm−1 at dark, me-dium and light red ripening stages, respectively. The average of absorption coefficient at 405 nm was 0.39, 0.31, and 0.13 cm−1 at dark, medium and light red appearing fruit, respectively. The dark red fruit showed enhanced elastic modulus and failure stress, while failure strain was reduced. The cell size, grouped with means of 225, 250, and 275 $mu m$, affected the failure stress in all size groups. Failure strain was different in fruit with small, 225 $mu m$, cell size, whereas the elastic modulus appeared unaffected from cell size.","PeriodicalId":374452,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE Workshop on Metrology for Agriculture and Forestry (MetroAgriFor)","volume":"399 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124740812","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-03DOI: 10.1109/MetroAgriFor55389.2022.9964835
F. Gangi, C. Gandolfi, D. Masseroni
Border irrigation is one of the most common methods for watering row crops worldwide. Traditionally, this method requires large quantities of fresh water to be poured onto the fields following a rigid rotation planned by the irrigation consortia. Consequently, border irrigation practice is often affected by inefficiency due to over-irrigation in respect to the seasonal crop water need. In this work, the results of an experimental campaign aimed to compare the effects of a rigid and a flexible irrigation scheduling on the seasonal water consumptions and crop production were discussed. The results show that a water saving of at least 10% could be reached (without loss in crop yield) if on-demand irrigation is implemented. This finding provides useful information for improving the management of border irrigation in practice, and, more specifically, to understand what margin of improvement can be obtained in terms of water saving, both under current conditions and in view of future increasing freshwater scarcity.
{"title":"Comparison between a rigid and flexible border irrigation scheduling: a pilot case study in Northern Italy","authors":"F. Gangi, C. Gandolfi, D. Masseroni","doi":"10.1109/MetroAgriFor55389.2022.9964835","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MetroAgriFor55389.2022.9964835","url":null,"abstract":"Border irrigation is one of the most common methods for watering row crops worldwide. Traditionally, this method requires large quantities of fresh water to be poured onto the fields following a rigid rotation planned by the irrigation consortia. Consequently, border irrigation practice is often affected by inefficiency due to over-irrigation in respect to the seasonal crop water need. In this work, the results of an experimental campaign aimed to compare the effects of a rigid and a flexible irrigation scheduling on the seasonal water consumptions and crop production were discussed. The results show that a water saving of at least 10% could be reached (without loss in crop yield) if on-demand irrigation is implemented. This finding provides useful information for improving the management of border irrigation in practice, and, more specifically, to understand what margin of improvement can be obtained in terms of water saving, both under current conditions and in view of future increasing freshwater scarcity.","PeriodicalId":374452,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE Workshop on Metrology for Agriculture and Forestry (MetroAgriFor)","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127470136","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-03DOI: 10.1109/MetroAgriFor55389.2022.9964534
Ester Scotto di Perta, R. Grieco, S. Papirio, G. Esposito, E. Cervelli, S. Pindozzi
Anaerobic digestion (AD) is widely distributed within livestock farms, although not providing any reduction of excessive nutrients. This paper investigates AD coupled with ammonia stripping as an integrated management strategy for manure deriving from intensive livestock breeding. Biomethane potential tests were performed considering three different mixtures of feedstock, representative of a seasonal feeding of a real-scale AD plant in Southern Italy. Results show that the specific cumulative methane production obtained under the three conditions investigated ranged between 133 and 155 NmL CH4/g VS. Ammonia stripping allows considerably reducing the $mathbf{N}$ content of the digestate. Specifically, N ranged from 1531.46 to 563.19 mg N-NH4+/L and from 1189.71 to 425.24 mg N-NH4+/L, for dairy slurry digestate and winter digestate, respectively.
{"title":"Treatment of dairy cattle slurry for biogas production and nitrogen recovery","authors":"Ester Scotto di Perta, R. Grieco, S. Papirio, G. Esposito, E. Cervelli, S. Pindozzi","doi":"10.1109/MetroAgriFor55389.2022.9964534","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MetroAgriFor55389.2022.9964534","url":null,"abstract":"Anaerobic digestion (AD) is widely distributed within livestock farms, although not providing any reduction of excessive nutrients. This paper investigates AD coupled with ammonia stripping as an integrated management strategy for manure deriving from intensive livestock breeding. Biomethane potential tests were performed considering three different mixtures of feedstock, representative of a seasonal feeding of a real-scale AD plant in Southern Italy. Results show that the specific cumulative methane production obtained under the three conditions investigated ranged between 133 and 155 NmL CH4/g VS. Ammonia stripping allows considerably reducing the $mathbf{N}$ content of the digestate. Specifically, N ranged from 1531.46 to 563.19 mg N-NH4+/L and from 1189.71 to 425.24 mg N-NH4+/L, for dairy slurry digestate and winter digestate, respectively.","PeriodicalId":374452,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE Workshop on Metrology for Agriculture and Forestry (MetroAgriFor)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114146578","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-03DOI: 10.1109/MetroAgriFor55389.2022.9964627
Sara Glorio Patrucco, R. Fortina, Flavia Dela Pierre, E. Dinuccio, S. Tassone
Rumen fluid is the most widely used inoculum for in vitro feed digestibility trials. The digestate from animal manure is widely studied but there are no data on its use as an alternative inoculum; its use would be greatly beneficial thanks to its availability, easiness in sampling and possibility to store it for long times. In this study we perform a preliminary test on the potential efficacy of the digestate as inoculum for in vitro digestibility of feeds using rumen fluid as control. The parameter used to assess the efficacy of the digestate was the Neutral Detergent Fiber Digestibility of nine Total Mixed Rations for dairy cows classed into three groups according to their Neutral Detergent Fiber amount (low; medium; high). Four incubation times (48 h, 60 h, 72 h and 96 h) were tested; the data were compared with those measured with the rumen fluid after 48 h of incubation. The results showed that no significant differences were observed among the four incubation times. The digestibility using digestate as inoculum was lower than rumen fluid with low fiber diets at 48 h of incubation. For medium fiber diets, the digestibility values were similar with only one exception; for high fiber diets no differences were observed between rumen fluid and digestate at all incubation times. According to these results, digestate proved to be an efficient substitute of the rumen fluid with high or medium fiber diets, with low fiber diets incubation time need to be of 60h to have similar values to rumen fluid. Further trials with digestates of different origin and chemical and microbiological composition are needed to confirm its efficacy to determine the in vitro digestibility of a wider range of feeds.
{"title":"The efficiency of digestate as inoculum for in vitro digestibility of feeds","authors":"Sara Glorio Patrucco, R. Fortina, Flavia Dela Pierre, E. Dinuccio, S. Tassone","doi":"10.1109/MetroAgriFor55389.2022.9964627","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MetroAgriFor55389.2022.9964627","url":null,"abstract":"Rumen fluid is the most widely used inoculum for in vitro feed digestibility trials. The digestate from animal manure is widely studied but there are no data on its use as an alternative inoculum; its use would be greatly beneficial thanks to its availability, easiness in sampling and possibility to store it for long times. In this study we perform a preliminary test on the potential efficacy of the digestate as inoculum for in vitro digestibility of feeds using rumen fluid as control. The parameter used to assess the efficacy of the digestate was the Neutral Detergent Fiber Digestibility of nine Total Mixed Rations for dairy cows classed into three groups according to their Neutral Detergent Fiber amount (low; medium; high). Four incubation times (48 h, 60 h, 72 h and 96 h) were tested; the data were compared with those measured with the rumen fluid after 48 h of incubation. The results showed that no significant differences were observed among the four incubation times. The digestibility using digestate as inoculum was lower than rumen fluid with low fiber diets at 48 h of incubation. For medium fiber diets, the digestibility values were similar with only one exception; for high fiber diets no differences were observed between rumen fluid and digestate at all incubation times. According to these results, digestate proved to be an efficient substitute of the rumen fluid with high or medium fiber diets, with low fiber diets incubation time need to be of 60h to have similar values to rumen fluid. Further trials with digestates of different origin and chemical and microbiological composition are needed to confirm its efficacy to determine the in vitro digestibility of a wider range of feeds.","PeriodicalId":374452,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE Workshop on Metrology for Agriculture and Forestry (MetroAgriFor)","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114211289","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-03DOI: 10.1109/MetroAgriFor55389.2022.9964647
S. Gianessi, M. Polo, L. Stevanato, M. Lunardon, G. Baroni
Soil moisture is a key variable for supporting agriculture and forest management. This variable, however, shows strong variability in space and time and its correct quantification is still difficult in many practical applications. In the present study we compare two innovative non-invasive sensors developed for the estimation of soil moisture over large area. The first one is a new sensor based on cosmic-ray neutron sensing approach. The second one is a new gamma-ray spectrometer specifically designed for this type of application. Data have been collected at a large, cropped field at Ceregnano, Italy in 2021. The results show that both sensors well capture the local hydrological conditions, and they can be considered reliable methods for soil moisture estimations. In both sensors, however, the signal shows to also be sensitive even if to a different degree to water in the biomass, highlighting the need of corrections when fast plant growth is expected.
{"title":"Comparison of cosmic-ray neutron sensing and gamma-ray spectrometry for non-invasive soil moisture estimation over a large cropped field","authors":"S. Gianessi, M. Polo, L. Stevanato, M. Lunardon, G. Baroni","doi":"10.1109/MetroAgriFor55389.2022.9964647","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MetroAgriFor55389.2022.9964647","url":null,"abstract":"Soil moisture is a key variable for supporting agriculture and forest management. This variable, however, shows strong variability in space and time and its correct quantification is still difficult in many practical applications. In the present study we compare two innovative non-invasive sensors developed for the estimation of soil moisture over large area. The first one is a new sensor based on cosmic-ray neutron sensing approach. The second one is a new gamma-ray spectrometer specifically designed for this type of application. Data have been collected at a large, cropped field at Ceregnano, Italy in 2021. The results show that both sensors well capture the local hydrological conditions, and they can be considered reliable methods for soil moisture estimations. In both sensors, however, the signal shows to also be sensitive even if to a different degree to water in the biomass, highlighting the need of corrections when fast plant growth is expected.","PeriodicalId":374452,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE Workshop on Metrology for Agriculture and Forestry (MetroAgriFor)","volume":"206 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133449780","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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