Pub Date : 2011-07-13DOI: 10.1109/WFOPC.2011.6089665
R. Ahmadi, M. Packirisamy, J. Dargahi
In this study, a new optical fiber tactile sensor array is introduced for use in minimally invasive surgery systems. The proposed sensor helps surgeons to locate hidden harder tissues such as lumps and arteries within soft background tissues. Unlike currently available electrically-based tactile sensors, the proposed sensor is insensitive to electromagnetic fields and is electrically passive. It also performs under both dynamic and static loading conditions. The sensor was experimentally tested to locate a phantom solid artery/lump surrounded by an artificial soft background tissue.
{"title":"Optical fiber sensor array for artery/lump detection","authors":"R. Ahmadi, M. Packirisamy, J. Dargahi","doi":"10.1109/WFOPC.2011.6089665","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WFOPC.2011.6089665","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, a new optical fiber tactile sensor array is introduced for use in minimally invasive surgery systems. The proposed sensor helps surgeons to locate hidden harder tissues such as lumps and arteries within soft background tissues. Unlike currently available electrically-based tactile sensors, the proposed sensor is insensitive to electromagnetic fields and is electrically passive. It also performs under both dynamic and static loading conditions. The sensor was experimentally tested to locate a phantom solid artery/lump surrounded by an artificial soft background tissue.","PeriodicalId":374957,"journal":{"name":"2011 7th International Workshop on Fibre and Optical Passive Components","volume":"54 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129844075","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-07-13DOI: 10.1109/WFOPC.2011.6089678
J. Lapointe, M. Gagn'e, A. Harhira, R. Kashyap
This paper demonstrates a highly sensitive force sensor for bio-medical applications, using a reduced diameter fiber Bragg grating probe in a capillary tube.
本文演示了一种用于生物医学应用的高灵敏度力传感器，在毛细管中使用缩小直径的光纤布拉格光栅探头。
{"title":"Optical fiber tissue elasticity sensor","authors":"J. Lapointe, M. Gagn'e, A. Harhira, R. Kashyap","doi":"10.1109/WFOPC.2011.6089678","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WFOPC.2011.6089678","url":null,"abstract":"This paper demonstrates a highly sensitive force sensor for bio-medical applications, using a reduced diameter fiber Bragg grating probe in a capillary tube.","PeriodicalId":374957,"journal":{"name":"2011 7th International Workshop on Fibre and Optical Passive Components","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124532323","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-07-13DOI: 10.1109/WFOPC.2011.6089670
S. Chaubey, S. Kher, S. M. Oak
Turn around point (TAP) in long period fiber grating (LPG) provides extremely high sensitivity to external environmental parameters like temperature, strain and refractive index. It also opens up new dimensions for development of photonic devices. Higher order cladding mode coupling in a LPG requires relatively lower grating period (< 300 µm), which can be achieved by improving the spot size in CO2 laser based grating inscription methods. But the inscription of LPG with resonance exactly at TAP within 950–1700 nm wavelength band requires a period precision better than 0.5 µm. Since, our fabrication system based on automated CO2 laser has limited translational resolution, we have used exposure to gamma radiation and tapering of fiber as tools to tailor the spectral characteristics of our gratings. Total Gamma radiation exposure of about 6 kGy resulted in ± 35nm wavelength shift of dual resonant loss peaks in a 206 µm period near TAP-LPG, almost merging the two peaks. This exposed LPG was then tapered using CO2 laser for exact TAP operation. Amplitude based strain sensitivity of 1.13dB/me was obtained with tuned TAP LPG.
{"title":"Radiation and taper tuning of Long Period Grating for high sensitivity strain measurement","authors":"S. Chaubey, S. Kher, S. M. Oak","doi":"10.1109/WFOPC.2011.6089670","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WFOPC.2011.6089670","url":null,"abstract":"Turn around point (TAP) in long period fiber grating (LPG) provides extremely high sensitivity to external environmental parameters like temperature, strain and refractive index. It also opens up new dimensions for development of photonic devices. Higher order cladding mode coupling in a LPG requires relatively lower grating period (< 300 µm), which can be achieved by improving the spot size in CO2 laser based grating inscription methods. But the inscription of LPG with resonance exactly at TAP within 950–1700 nm wavelength band requires a period precision better than 0.5 µm. Since, our fabrication system based on automated CO2 laser has limited translational resolution, we have used exposure to gamma radiation and tapering of fiber as tools to tailor the spectral characteristics of our gratings. Total Gamma radiation exposure of about 6 kGy resulted in ± 35nm wavelength shift of dual resonant loss peaks in a 206 µm period near TAP-LPG, almost merging the two peaks. This exposed LPG was then tapered using CO2 laser for exact TAP operation. Amplitude based strain sensitivity of 1.13dB/me was obtained with tuned TAP LPG.","PeriodicalId":374957,"journal":{"name":"2011 7th International Workshop on Fibre and Optical Passive Components","volume":"87 8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126267281","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-07-13DOI: 10.1109/WFOPC.2011.6089673
M. Fernández-Ruiz, A. Carballar
In this paper, a comprehensive, general and unified method for the complete analysis and synthesis of fiber Bragg gratings is proposed. The formalism is based on the well-known multilayer thin-film filters and transfer-matrix theories, considering the Bragg grating structure as a linear and time-invariant system. The developed analysis and synthesis algorithms have been significantly improved to be used on any kind of complex perturbation profiles, allowing the characterization and ‘ad hoc’ designs in both time and frequency domains.
{"title":"Comprehensive and general method for the analysis and synthesis of fiber Bragg gratings","authors":"M. Fernández-Ruiz, A. Carballar","doi":"10.1109/WFOPC.2011.6089673","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WFOPC.2011.6089673","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, a comprehensive, general and unified method for the complete analysis and synthesis of fiber Bragg gratings is proposed. The formalism is based on the well-known multilayer thin-film filters and transfer-matrix theories, considering the Bragg grating structure as a linear and time-invariant system. The developed analysis and synthesis algorithms have been significantly improved to be used on any kind of complex perturbation profiles, allowing the characterization and ‘ad hoc’ designs in both time and frequency domains.","PeriodicalId":374957,"journal":{"name":"2011 7th International Workshop on Fibre and Optical Passive Components","volume":"179 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133877742","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-07-13DOI: 10.1109/WFOPC.2011.6089681
J. Ozhikandathil, M. Packirisamy
This work presents a novel method of fabrication of an optical microfluidic system by using polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and UV curable optical adhesive. An optical waveguide system including multiple waveguides and couplers were integrated with a microfluidic system by using soft lithography process. The developed LOC was demonstrated for the detection of fluorophore tagged polypeptides.
{"title":"PDMS waveguide integrated microfluidic chip for the detection of fluorophore tagged polypeptides","authors":"J. Ozhikandathil, M. Packirisamy","doi":"10.1109/WFOPC.2011.6089681","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WFOPC.2011.6089681","url":null,"abstract":"This work presents a novel method of fabrication of an optical microfluidic system by using polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and UV curable optical adhesive. An optical waveguide system including multiple waveguides and couplers were integrated with a microfluidic system by using soft lithography process. The developed LOC was demonstrated for the detection of fluorophore tagged polypeptides.","PeriodicalId":374957,"journal":{"name":"2011 7th International Workshop on Fibre and Optical Passive Components","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121734628","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-07-13DOI: 10.1109/WFOPC.2011.6089674
M. Fernández-Ruiz, A. Carballar
The fiber Bragg grating (FBG) design usually starts from the specification of the required spectral transfer function upon reflection. In a large number of applications, only the magnitude response of this transfer function is defined. However, in order to design any device, both the magnitude and the phase are required. In this paper, the well-known method of minimum-phase reconstruction is proposed to determine the phase response associated to a desired magnitude response, in order to define the specifications imposed over the synthesis tools of FBGs. This procedure enables the synthesis of a FBG device with the minimum possible length to achieve the target spectral magnitude response.
{"title":"Minimum-phase reconstruction method for the determination of the specifications of FBGs","authors":"M. Fernández-Ruiz, A. Carballar","doi":"10.1109/WFOPC.2011.6089674","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WFOPC.2011.6089674","url":null,"abstract":"The fiber Bragg grating (FBG) design usually starts from the specification of the required spectral transfer function upon reflection. In a large number of applications, only the magnitude response of this transfer function is defined. However, in order to design any device, both the magnitude and the phase are required. In this paper, the well-known method of minimum-phase reconstruction is proposed to determine the phase response associated to a desired magnitude response, in order to define the specifications imposed over the synthesis tools of FBGs. This procedure enables the synthesis of a FBG device with the minimum possible length to achieve the target spectral magnitude response.","PeriodicalId":374957,"journal":{"name":"2011 7th International Workshop on Fibre and Optical Passive Components","volume":"114 6","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132908085","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-07-13DOI: 10.1109/WFOPC.2011.6089668
H. Awad, I. Hasan, K. Mnaymneh, T. Hall, Iavn Andonovic
We introduce a novel gas sensor based on photonic crystal (PhC) waveguides where the gas sensing is based on the interaction between the slow light mode and the gas. Specifically, when the refractive index of the photonic crystal waveguide changes (due to a change in gas), the slow light regime of the photonic crystal waveguide is affected and shifts in wavelength. We have performed experiments with Helium and Argon gases to confirm the operation of the sensor, with Air being used as reference gas. Results show that the slow light regime typically shifts by 0.6 nm for Helium and 0.05nm for Argon.
{"title":"Gas sensing using slow light in photonic crystal waveguides","authors":"H. Awad, I. Hasan, K. Mnaymneh, T. Hall, Iavn Andonovic","doi":"10.1109/WFOPC.2011.6089668","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WFOPC.2011.6089668","url":null,"abstract":"We introduce a novel gas sensor based on photonic crystal (PhC) waveguides where the gas sensing is based on the interaction between the slow light mode and the gas. Specifically, when the refractive index of the photonic crystal waveguide changes (due to a change in gas), the slow light regime of the photonic crystal waveguide is affected and shifts in wavelength. We have performed experiments with Helium and Argon gases to confirm the operation of the sensor, with Air being used as reference gas. Results show that the slow light regime typically shifts by 0.6 nm for Helium and 0.05nm for Argon.","PeriodicalId":374957,"journal":{"name":"2011 7th International Workshop on Fibre and Optical Passive Components","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128367709","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-07-13DOI: 10.1109/WFOPC.2011.6089666
E. Foroozmehr, H. Alemohammad, E. Toyserkani
The development of dual-parameter, i.e., strain and temperature, optical fiber sensors based on fiber Bragg gratings (FBG) for structural health monitoring applications is presented. The sensors are based on our patented technology on multi-parameter superstructure FBGs with on-fiber patterned metal thin films. The design and fabrication of the sensors, senor packaging, and sensor calibration using our developed calibration setup are elaborated in this paper.
{"title":"Dual-parameter optical fiber sensors for structural health monitoring","authors":"E. Foroozmehr, H. Alemohammad, E. Toyserkani","doi":"10.1109/WFOPC.2011.6089666","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WFOPC.2011.6089666","url":null,"abstract":"The development of dual-parameter, i.e., strain and temperature, optical fiber sensors based on fiber Bragg gratings (FBG) for structural health monitoring applications is presented. The sensors are based on our patented technology on multi-parameter superstructure FBGs with on-fiber patterned metal thin films. The design and fabrication of the sensors, senor packaging, and sensor calibration using our developed calibration setup are elaborated in this paper.","PeriodicalId":374957,"journal":{"name":"2011 7th International Workshop on Fibre and Optical Passive Components","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123041430","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-07-13DOI: 10.1109/WFOPC.2011.6089671
A. d’Alessandro, R. Asquini, M. Trotta, R. Beccherelli
In this paper low driving power linear and nonlinear optical waveguide devices using nematic liquid crystals as core are reported. Experiments and simulations show their behavior either as variable optical attenuators or as optical switches with extinction ratio in excess of 40 dB. All-optical modulation and switching is also shown using mW range optical power.
{"title":"Liquid crystal waveguide devices","authors":"A. d’Alessandro, R. Asquini, M. Trotta, R. Beccherelli","doi":"10.1109/WFOPC.2011.6089671","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WFOPC.2011.6089671","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper low driving power linear and nonlinear optical waveguide devices using nematic liquid crystals as core are reported. Experiments and simulations show their behavior either as variable optical attenuators or as optical switches with extinction ratio in excess of 40 dB. All-optical modulation and switching is also shown using mW range optical power.","PeriodicalId":374957,"journal":{"name":"2011 7th International Workshop on Fibre and Optical Passive Components","volume":"60 6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127386854","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-07-13DOI: 10.1109/WFOPC.2011.6089672
M. D. Baiad, S. Tripathi, Arun Kumar, Galina Nenova, R. Kashyap
In this paper, we present a theoretical model and the characteristics of a refractive index sensor based on pure surface plasmon-polariton (SPP) excited by a properly designed waveguide Bragg gratings (WBG) or long period gratings (LPG). The gratings are imprinted in a waveguide layer and we propose the potential of a buried waveguide fabricated by a novel method for SPP bio-sensing using a continues-wave (CW) CO2 laser. The pure SPP is propagating in an optimized 5-layer structure which has a metal thickness of 20 nm and separated from the waveguide layer by a dielectric cladding which has thickness of 0.5 µm. As a result, LPG based sensor is more sensitive to changes in the sensed medium refractive index and requires much shorter gratings length for a given sensitivity than the WBG based one. The proposed sensor is highly sensitive and free from any moving parts and can be used as bio/chemical sensor.
{"title":"Integrated optical bio-sensor based on pure surface plasmon-polariton excited by a waveguide grating","authors":"M. D. Baiad, S. Tripathi, Arun Kumar, Galina Nenova, R. Kashyap","doi":"10.1109/WFOPC.2011.6089672","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WFOPC.2011.6089672","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we present a theoretical model and the characteristics of a refractive index sensor based on pure surface plasmon-polariton (SPP) excited by a properly designed waveguide Bragg gratings (WBG) or long period gratings (LPG). The gratings are imprinted in a waveguide layer and we propose the potential of a buried waveguide fabricated by a novel method for SPP bio-sensing using a continues-wave (CW) CO2 laser. The pure SPP is propagating in an optimized 5-layer structure which has a metal thickness of 20 nm and separated from the waveguide layer by a dielectric cladding which has thickness of 0.5 µm. As a result, LPG based sensor is more sensitive to changes in the sensed medium refractive index and requires much shorter gratings length for a given sensitivity than the WBG based one. The proposed sensor is highly sensitive and free from any moving parts and can be used as bio/chemical sensor.","PeriodicalId":374957,"journal":{"name":"2011 7th International Workshop on Fibre and Optical Passive Components","volume":"81 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123829162","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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