Today, the role of humans is changing rapidly in both industrial production activities and services. Mediocre, easy-to-learn activities can be performed more efficiently by machines; mediocre knowledge is being devalued while the importance of high-level skills is increasing. As a result, in all sectors of the economy, and especially in engineering, new approaches to expert training are needed; people must learn to hand over certain decision-making roles and to control the processes supported by AI rather than compete with it. STEM education has a responsibility to achieve these goals and must develop appropriate tools for engineering education. This paper presents a complex didactic methodology for competency-based education in engineering bachelor programs. An important element is the mathematical competency map, which shows the importance and place of mathematical and algorithmic (coding) knowledge in engineering topics. Another element is the systematic testing of mathematical knowledge in non-mathematical contexts in engineering courses. We provide an overview of our achievements in applying the developed toolset and improving the efficiency of mathematics teaching in engineering bachelor programs.
{"title":"A complex methodology for the development of mathematical modeling skills in engineering education","authors":"Dóra Sipos, Imre Kocsis","doi":"10.1556/1848.2024.00803","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1556/1848.2024.00803","url":null,"abstract":"Today, the role of humans is changing rapidly in both industrial production activities and services. Mediocre, easy-to-learn activities can be performed more efficiently by machines; mediocre knowledge is being devalued while the importance of high-level skills is increasing. As a result, in all sectors of the economy, and especially in engineering, new approaches to expert training are needed; people must learn to hand over certain decision-making roles and to control the processes supported by AI rather than compete with it. STEM education has a responsibility to achieve these goals and must develop appropriate tools for engineering education. This paper presents a complex didactic methodology for competency-based education in engineering bachelor programs. An important element is the mathematical competency map, which shows the importance and place of mathematical and algorithmic (coding) knowledge in engineering topics. Another element is the systematic testing of mathematical knowledge in non-mathematical contexts in engineering courses. We provide an overview of our achievements in applying the developed toolset and improving the efficiency of mathematics teaching in engineering bachelor programs.","PeriodicalId":37508,"journal":{"name":"International Review of Applied Sciences and Engineering","volume":"32 33","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140696726","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The predictive maintenance of permeant magnet synchronous motor is highly required as this kind of motor has been commonly employed in electric vehicles, industrial systems, and other applications owing to its high power density output, as well as the regenerative operation characteristics during braking and deceleration driving conditions. One of the most important causes of PMSM failure is the stator short and drive switches failure. These problems have attracted more attention in the field of deep learning for fault detection purposes in the early stages, to avoid any system breakdown, and to decrease the risk and price of maintenance. In this paper, we investigate the possibility of detecting the electrical faults in PMSM by generating our data which includes current signals that have been analyzed and preprocessed by applying Continuous Wavelet Transform (CWT) to select the reliable features this conversion will be used to train ResNet 50. The evaluation metrics have shown that ResNet 50 achieves an accuracy of 100% for the classification of faults.
{"title":"Electrical faults classification in permanent magnet synchronous motor using ResNet neural network","authors":"Hiba Ziad, Ayad Al-dujaili, Amjad J. Humaidi","doi":"10.1556/1848.2024.00789","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1556/1848.2024.00789","url":null,"abstract":"The predictive maintenance of permeant magnet synchronous motor is highly required as this kind of motor has been commonly employed in electric vehicles, industrial systems, and other applications owing to its high power density output, as well as the regenerative operation characteristics during braking and deceleration driving conditions. One of the most important causes of PMSM failure is the stator short and drive switches failure. These problems have attracted more attention in the field of deep learning for fault detection purposes in the early stages, to avoid any system breakdown, and to decrease the risk and price of maintenance. In this paper, we investigate the possibility of detecting the electrical faults in PMSM by generating our data which includes current signals that have been analyzed and preprocessed by applying Continuous Wavelet Transform (CWT) to select the reliable features this conversion will be used to train ResNet 50. The evaluation metrics have shown that ResNet 50 achieves an accuracy of 100% for the classification of faults.","PeriodicalId":37508,"journal":{"name":"International Review of Applied Sciences and Engineering","volume":"44 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140724093","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The integration of Autonomous Vehicles (AVs) into our modern society hinges on gaining widespread acceptance from potential road users. To indicate the preparedness of these road users and elucidate their perspectives regarding the use of AVs in future, it is imperative to conduct surveys gauging public acceptance and satisfaction with this emerging mode of transportation. This paper reports the results of a comprehensive questionnaire study involving 1,000 individuals in Gyor City. The survey's primary objective was to assess participants' attitudes and willingness to embrace autonomous vehicles within the city's road networks. The study delved into various socio-demographic factors, such as age, gender, and employment status, while also exploring participants' prior knowledge and opinions regarding the advantages and limitations of AVs. The findings reveal a generally favorable disposition among the public toward the inclusion of AVs in urban traffic, paving the way for the acceptance of mixed traffic patterns. Notably, respondents in younger age groups exhibit greater enthusiasm for incorporating AVs into their daily transportation, whereas individuals aged 65 and above express more reservations, displaying a conservative outlook. Furthermore, participants with prior knowledge and a deeper understanding of AVs exhibit a markedly more positive inclination toward this emerging technology compared to those lacking such familiarity.
{"title":"Public perception of autonomous vehicles acceptance in Hungary","authors":"Dilshad Mohammed, Balázs Horváth","doi":"10.1556/1848.2024.00769","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1556/1848.2024.00769","url":null,"abstract":"The integration of Autonomous Vehicles (AVs) into our modern society hinges on gaining widespread acceptance from potential road users. To indicate the preparedness of these road users and elucidate their perspectives regarding the use of AVs in future, it is imperative to conduct surveys gauging public acceptance and satisfaction with this emerging mode of transportation. This paper reports the results of a comprehensive questionnaire study involving 1,000 individuals in Gyor City. The survey's primary objective was to assess participants' attitudes and willingness to embrace autonomous vehicles within the city's road networks. The study delved into various socio-demographic factors, such as age, gender, and employment status, while also exploring participants' prior knowledge and opinions regarding the advantages and limitations of AVs. The findings reveal a generally favorable disposition among the public toward the inclusion of AVs in urban traffic, paving the way for the acceptance of mixed traffic patterns. Notably, respondents in younger age groups exhibit greater enthusiasm for incorporating AVs into their daily transportation, whereas individuals aged 65 and above express more reservations, displaying a conservative outlook. Furthermore, participants with prior knowledge and a deeper understanding of AVs exhibit a markedly more positive inclination toward this emerging technology compared to those lacking such familiarity.","PeriodicalId":37508,"journal":{"name":"International Review of Applied Sciences and Engineering","volume":"56 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140230239","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Zhylgeldiyev, D. Chernyshov, S. Haider, T. Mankovits
Design and testing of real materials is a costly process and usually requires some specific equipment. To alleviate this task numerical methods can be leveraged. In this work we show possible modelling technique for closed-cell material structure using Weaire–Phelan unit cells. As an example existing aluminum structures were used and modelled parametrically, allowing to establish different geometrical models for different applications. Numerical simulations for compression was also done on the developed models to reveal the material response. The influence on the cell wall thickness and the friction between the material and the compression plate was investigated. It was found that the friction coefficient has no significant effect on the material response, except in the case where bonded connection was assumed. It was also demonstrated that material response and the porosity controlled by cell wall thickness have an approximately linear relationship with each other. This method proved to be a flexible and alternative solution of real laboratory tests and targeted to reduce costs of material design.
{"title":"Modelling of closed-cell aluminum foam using Weaire–Phelan unit cells","authors":"A. Zhylgeldiyev, D. Chernyshov, S. Haider, T. Mankovits","doi":"10.1556/1848.2024.00802","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1556/1848.2024.00802","url":null,"abstract":"Design and testing of real materials is a costly process and usually requires some specific equipment. To alleviate this task numerical methods can be leveraged. In this work we show possible modelling technique for closed-cell material structure using Weaire–Phelan unit cells. As an example existing aluminum structures were used and modelled parametrically, allowing to establish different geometrical models for different applications. Numerical simulations for compression was also done on the developed models to reveal the material response. The influence on the cell wall thickness and the friction between the material and the compression plate was investigated. It was found that the friction coefficient has no significant effect on the material response, except in the case where bonded connection was assumed. It was also demonstrated that material response and the porosity controlled by cell wall thickness have an approximately linear relationship with each other. This method proved to be a flexible and alternative solution of real laboratory tests and targeted to reduce costs of material design.","PeriodicalId":37508,"journal":{"name":"International Review of Applied Sciences and Engineering","volume":"36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140245723","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Numerous studies have proven that digital development positively affects economic growth. This study aims to confirm or refute the positive impact of digital evolution on economic growth by applying the dimensions of the International Digital Economy and Society Index (I-DESI). The analysis refers to the period 2015–2020 of the European Union member states. The study's novelty is that the I-DESI index has yet to be used in research to investigate the relationship between the digital transition and GDP production. The present study, therefore, goes one step further than the previous typical DESI-GDP models. The research uses Pearson correlation and F-statistic analysis to show the relationship between the variables. The study confirms that digital development has positively impacted the economic growth of EU member states. This result was confirmed by both Pearson and Spearman correlation. However, the results are ambivalent. The empirical results indicate that the more digitally developed member countries had a higher GDP per capita. However, the positive effect is different. The results confirm that the development of digitalization and GDP increased more dynamically in the more digitally developed EU member states than in the less developed member states. Therefore, an increase in the backwardness of the less developed member countries and not a catch-up can be observed in the period under review.
大量研究证明，数字化发展对经济增长有积极影响。本研究旨在通过应用国际数字经济与社会指数（I-DESI）的维度，证实或反驳数字演进对经济增长的积极影响。分析对象为 2015-2020 年期间的欧盟成员国。本研究的新颖之处在于，I-DESI 指数尚未被用于研究数字化转型与 GDP 生产之间的关系。因此，本研究比以往典型的 DESI-GDP 模型更进一步。研究采用了皮尔逊相关分析和 F 统计分析来显示变量之间的关系。研究证实，数字化发展对欧盟成员国的经济增长产生了积极影响。皮尔逊相关性和斯皮尔曼相关性都证实了这一结果。然而，结果是矛盾的。实证结果表明，数字化越发达的成员国人均 GDP 越高。然而，正效应是不同的。结果证实，与欠发达成员国相比，数字化程度较高的欧盟成员国的数字化发展和 GDP 增长更具活力。因此，在本报告所述期间，可以看到欠发达成员国的落后程度加剧，而不是迎头赶上。
{"title":"The relationship between digital development and economic growth in the European Union","authors":"László Török","doi":"10.1556/1848.2024.00797","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1556/1848.2024.00797","url":null,"abstract":"Numerous studies have proven that digital development positively affects economic growth. This study aims to confirm or refute the positive impact of digital evolution on economic growth by applying the dimensions of the International Digital Economy and Society Index (I-DESI). The analysis refers to the period 2015–2020 of the European Union member states. The study's novelty is that the I-DESI index has yet to be used in research to investigate the relationship between the digital transition and GDP production. The present study, therefore, goes one step further than the previous typical DESI-GDP models. The research uses Pearson correlation and F-statistic analysis to show the relationship between the variables. The study confirms that digital development has positively impacted the economic growth of EU member states. This result was confirmed by both Pearson and Spearman correlation. However, the results are ambivalent. The empirical results indicate that the more digitally developed member countries had a higher GDP per capita. However, the positive effect is different. The results confirm that the development of digitalization and GDP increased more dynamically in the more digitally developed EU member states than in the less developed member states. Therefore, an increase in the backwardness of the less developed member countries and not a catch-up can be observed in the period under review.","PeriodicalId":37508,"journal":{"name":"International Review of Applied Sciences and Engineering","volume":"15 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140262125","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Farah Kamil, Areej Ghazy Abdulshaheed, M. A. Kadhom
Springs are the most basic mechanical elements used in transmission mechanisms. The rapid development of the computer and cellular industry has encouraged spring manufacturers to develop the industry to produce very small springs. Most computer-aided design programs for mechanical parts provide the possibility of designing these parts, as these programs include different types of decisions. All these decisions require coordinates for geometric data as well as metadata. The paper aims to develop software programs to design and analyze springs as one of the most significant mechanical elements used. This paper aims to develop a design software of a helical spring system, where this software is built using a computer program in the language of Visual Basic Version 5. When the user enters data into the system, the system will perform a series of complex calculations in the system, then provide a detailed report on all the engineering dimensions of the spring, and test its efficiency. The output of the software shows the required spring wire parameters. The software was tested with test data from the open literature, and the required wire spring parameters were obtained.
{"title":"Development of a computational system to design a helical spring","authors":"Farah Kamil, Areej Ghazy Abdulshaheed, M. A. Kadhom","doi":"10.1556/1848.2024.00711","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1556/1848.2024.00711","url":null,"abstract":"Springs are the most basic mechanical elements used in transmission mechanisms. The rapid development of the computer and cellular industry has encouraged spring manufacturers to develop the industry to produce very small springs. Most computer-aided design programs for mechanical parts provide the possibility of designing these parts, as these programs include different types of decisions. All these decisions require coordinates for geometric data as well as metadata. The paper aims to develop software programs to design and analyze springs as one of the most significant mechanical elements used. This paper aims to develop a design software of a helical spring system, where this software is built using a computer program in the language of Visual Basic Version 5. When the user enters data into the system, the system will perform a series of complex calculations in the system, then provide a detailed report on all the engineering dimensions of the spring, and test its efficiency. The output of the software shows the required spring wire parameters. The software was tested with test data from the open literature, and the required wire spring parameters were obtained.","PeriodicalId":37508,"journal":{"name":"International Review of Applied Sciences and Engineering","volume":"83 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140261469","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cement and concrete are the most crucial and dominating engineering materials in the construction sector. Cement serves as an excellent binder for concrete and when it is treated under unusual conditions either to satisfy accelerating or retarding requirements by the construction industries, admixtures role comes into the effect. The construction industry has been searching for retarding admixtures and the optimal dosage level, particularly for ready mix concrete applications. Generally the retarding admixtures such as organic retarders (lignosulphonates, hydroxycarboxylic acids and their salts, phosphonates, sugars) or inorganic retarders (phosphonates, borates) were generally used to reduce the speed of the reaction between cement and water by altering the growth of the hydration products and/or limiting the rate of water penetration to the cement particles. The research was still in its infancy stage in terms of determining not just the appropriate dosage amount, but also the ideal retarder materials for the aforementioned uses. In considering this industrial need, an attempt was made on utilizing the usage of sugar in the concrete to study the retarding effect without affecting the strength properties of cement. The sugars usage levels were at 5, 10, 15, and 20% of the usage of cement to investigate consistency, setting time, compressive strength and micro structure properties at the curing age of 7, 14 and 28 days on the mortar specimens. The conclusions of the study reported that setting time was extended with increase of the dosage levels of sugar. However in considering the strength property, less than 5% of sugar dosage level can be better for the application as retarding agent in the industry applications.
{"title":"Arriving the optimum retarder dosage level of sugar on the setting time, compressive strength, and microstructure property of Portland pozzolana cement","authors":"Meyyappan Palaniappan, Karthiga Murugan, Aravind Gurusamy, Aarthi Koppayaraj, Keerthickbalaji Sivasubramanian","doi":"10.1556/1848.2024.00753","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1556/1848.2024.00753","url":null,"abstract":"Cement and concrete are the most crucial and dominating engineering materials in the construction sector. Cement serves as an excellent binder for concrete and when it is treated under unusual conditions either to satisfy accelerating or retarding requirements by the construction industries, admixtures role comes into the effect. The construction industry has been searching for retarding admixtures and the optimal dosage level, particularly for ready mix concrete applications. Generally the retarding admixtures such as organic retarders (lignosulphonates, hydroxycarboxylic acids and their salts, phosphonates, sugars) or inorganic retarders (phosphonates, borates) were generally used to reduce the speed of the reaction between cement and water by altering the growth of the hydration products and/or limiting the rate of water penetration to the cement particles. The research was still in its infancy stage in terms of determining not just the appropriate dosage amount, but also the ideal retarder materials for the aforementioned uses. In considering this industrial need, an attempt was made on utilizing the usage of sugar in the concrete to study the retarding effect without affecting the strength properties of cement. The sugars usage levels were at 5, 10, 15, and 20% of the usage of cement to investigate consistency, setting time, compressive strength and micro structure properties at the curing age of 7, 14 and 28 days on the mortar specimens. The conclusions of the study reported that setting time was extended with increase of the dosage levels of sugar. However in considering the strength property, less than 5% of sugar dosage level can be better for the application as retarding agent in the industry applications.","PeriodicalId":37508,"journal":{"name":"International Review of Applied Sciences and Engineering","volume":"119 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139870648","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Joy Dewanjee, Md Shabiul Islam, Wong Hin Yong, Najeeb Ullah, K. Siddiquee, Mohammad Tariqul Islam
This paper presents an investigation on a battery-less voltage of Piezoelectric (PZT) V-shape cantilever beam Energy Harvester (EH) using human body vibration. The frequency ranges are walking (0–5 Hz), running (6–10 Hz) and motions (11–15 Hz) for human movement. Pacemaker devices typically require a lower resonant frequency with higher voltage which is powered by batteries. The battery has a limited duration during its working process and the battery is difficult to replace in the human body. To address the aforementioned issue, a V-shape cantilever beam EH has been developed as a solution to overcome these limitations. The cantilever beam was designed in COMSOL Multiphysics software 5.5 version using the Finite Element Analysis (FEA) method for experimental investigations followed by three categories of frequency ranges of the human body. The simulation results showed that the generated battery-less higher voltage was 269 mV (AC) at the resonant frequency of 14.37 Hz in the motion range of 11–15 Hz. Later, an Ultra Low Power (ULP) electronic circuits will be designed and simulated in the LTSPICE software to convert and boost-up from 269 mV (AC) to DC voltage attained. The estimated output power of the energy harvester system can be powered up (4.7 µW) for modern pacemaker applications.
{"title":"Investigation on battery-less voltage of piezoelectric V-shape cantilever beam energy harvester using FEA method for pacemaker","authors":"Joy Dewanjee, Md Shabiul Islam, Wong Hin Yong, Najeeb Ullah, K. Siddiquee, Mohammad Tariqul Islam","doi":"10.1556/1848.2023.00759","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1556/1848.2023.00759","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents an investigation on a battery-less voltage of Piezoelectric (PZT) V-shape cantilever beam Energy Harvester (EH) using human body vibration. The frequency ranges are walking (0–5 Hz), running (6–10 Hz) and motions (11–15 Hz) for human movement. Pacemaker devices typically require a lower resonant frequency with higher voltage which is powered by batteries. The battery has a limited duration during its working process and the battery is difficult to replace in the human body. To address the aforementioned issue, a V-shape cantilever beam EH has been developed as a solution to overcome these limitations. The cantilever beam was designed in COMSOL Multiphysics software 5.5 version using the Finite Element Analysis (FEA) method for experimental investigations followed by three categories of frequency ranges of the human body. The simulation results showed that the generated battery-less higher voltage was 269 mV (AC) at the resonant frequency of 14.37 Hz in the motion range of 11–15 Hz. Later, an Ultra Low Power (ULP) electronic circuits will be designed and simulated in the LTSPICE software to convert and boost-up from 269 mV (AC) to DC voltage attained. The estimated output power of the energy harvester system can be powered up (4.7 µW) for modern pacemaker applications.","PeriodicalId":37508,"journal":{"name":"International Review of Applied Sciences and Engineering","volume":"8 13","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139683491","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mohammed Khalil El kouifat, Houcine Zniker, Ikram Feddal, B. Ouaki
The occlusion of the teeth is affected due to the appearance of micro-cracks resulting from maximum stresses in the contact zones between the wire and the bracket under normal and tangential loading. The objective of this study is to evaluate the surface and volume constraints in the presence of bonding and partial sliding zones on the contact surface between wires and supports. Knowledge of these stress fields will make it possible to better limit the surfaces where most of the micro-cracks occur. Indeed, the evaluation of the stress will facilitate the modelling or application of established micro crack models on this subject, because the initiation of micro-cracks often appears on the contact surface or just below it.In this study, the two most common situations of contact between the wire and the bracket were studied; the first corresponds to the situation where the wire is positioned in the center of the support (classic friction), and the second corresponds to the situation where the inclined wire touches the ends of the supports (critical contact angle).The MATHCAD software was used to simulate the damage zones for normal loading in the two cases studied (classic friction, critical contact angle). We proposed a Hertzian loading for the first case and a linear loading for the second case. Also, the effect of the additional load during wire tightening applied by the orthodontist was studied.The charge concentration is located above the contact zone, of the order of 0.3P0 (pressure per unit of arbitrary normal length), according to Mathcad simulation results. The adhesion zone/micro-slip zone contact generates the largest tangential load, which is directed towards the side experiencing the most stress. We also observed that the stick area shifts towards the recessed side when the additional load is applied. Additionally, comparing the configurations, the critical contact angle resulted in a higher maximum shear stress.
{"title":"Simulation of the surface and volume stress in the contact archwire/bracket for classical friction and critical contact angle","authors":"Mohammed Khalil El kouifat, Houcine Zniker, Ikram Feddal, B. Ouaki","doi":"10.1556/1848.2024.00764","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1556/1848.2024.00764","url":null,"abstract":"The occlusion of the teeth is affected due to the appearance of micro-cracks resulting from maximum stresses in the contact zones between the wire and the bracket under normal and tangential loading. The objective of this study is to evaluate the surface and volume constraints in the presence of bonding and partial sliding zones on the contact surface between wires and supports. Knowledge of these stress fields will make it possible to better limit the surfaces where most of the micro-cracks occur. Indeed, the evaluation of the stress will facilitate the modelling or application of established micro crack models on this subject, because the initiation of micro-cracks often appears on the contact surface or just below it.In this study, the two most common situations of contact between the wire and the bracket were studied; the first corresponds to the situation where the wire is positioned in the center of the support (classic friction), and the second corresponds to the situation where the inclined wire touches the ends of the supports (critical contact angle).The MATHCAD software was used to simulate the damage zones for normal loading in the two cases studied (classic friction, critical contact angle). We proposed a Hertzian loading for the first case and a linear loading for the second case. Also, the effect of the additional load during wire tightening applied by the orthodontist was studied.The charge concentration is located above the contact zone, of the order of 0.3P0 (pressure per unit of arbitrary normal length), according to Mathcad simulation results. The adhesion zone/micro-slip zone contact generates the largest tangential load, which is directed towards the side experiencing the most stress. We also observed that the stick area shifts towards the recessed side when the additional load is applied. Additionally, comparing the configurations, the critical contact angle resulted in a higher maximum shear stress.","PeriodicalId":37508,"journal":{"name":"International Review of Applied Sciences and Engineering","volume":"28 19","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139808777","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cement and concrete are the most crucial and dominating engineering materials in the construction sector. Cement serves as an excellent binder for concrete and when it is treated under unusual conditions either to satisfy accelerating or retarding requirements by the construction industries, admixtures role comes into the effect. The construction industry has been searching for retarding admixtures and the optimal dosage level, particularly for ready mix concrete applications. Generally the retarding admixtures such as organic retarders (lignosulphonates, hydroxycarboxylic acids and their salts, phosphonates, sugars) or inorganic retarders (phosphonates, borates) were generally used to reduce the speed of the reaction between cement and water by altering the growth of the hydration products and/or limiting the rate of water penetration to the cement particles. The research was still in its infancy stage in terms of determining not just the appropriate dosage amount, but also the ideal retarder materials for the aforementioned uses. In considering this industrial need, an attempt was made on utilizing the usage of sugar in the concrete to study the retarding effect without affecting the strength properties of cement. The sugars usage levels were at 5, 10, 15, and 20% of the usage of cement to investigate consistency, setting time, compressive strength and micro structure properties at the curing age of 7, 14 and 28 days on the mortar specimens. The conclusions of the study reported that setting time was extended with increase of the dosage levels of sugar. However in considering the strength property, less than 5% of sugar dosage level can be better for the application as retarding agent in the industry applications.
{"title":"Arriving the optimum retarder dosage level of sugar on the setting time, compressive strength, and microstructure property of Portland pozzolana cement","authors":"Meyyappan Palaniappan, Karthiga Murugan, Aravind Gurusamy, Aarthi Koppayaraj, Keerthickbalaji Sivasubramanian","doi":"10.1556/1848.2024.00753","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1556/1848.2024.00753","url":null,"abstract":"Cement and concrete are the most crucial and dominating engineering materials in the construction sector. Cement serves as an excellent binder for concrete and when it is treated under unusual conditions either to satisfy accelerating or retarding requirements by the construction industries, admixtures role comes into the effect. The construction industry has been searching for retarding admixtures and the optimal dosage level, particularly for ready mix concrete applications. Generally the retarding admixtures such as organic retarders (lignosulphonates, hydroxycarboxylic acids and their salts, phosphonates, sugars) or inorganic retarders (phosphonates, borates) were generally used to reduce the speed of the reaction between cement and water by altering the growth of the hydration products and/or limiting the rate of water penetration to the cement particles. The research was still in its infancy stage in terms of determining not just the appropriate dosage amount, but also the ideal retarder materials for the aforementioned uses. In considering this industrial need, an attempt was made on utilizing the usage of sugar in the concrete to study the retarding effect without affecting the strength properties of cement. The sugars usage levels were at 5, 10, 15, and 20% of the usage of cement to investigate consistency, setting time, compressive strength and micro structure properties at the curing age of 7, 14 and 28 days on the mortar specimens. The conclusions of the study reported that setting time was extended with increase of the dosage levels of sugar. However in considering the strength property, less than 5% of sugar dosage level can be better for the application as retarding agent in the industry applications.","PeriodicalId":37508,"journal":{"name":"International Review of Applied Sciences and Engineering","volume":"123 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139810625","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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