Advertising is the mirror that reflects social and cultural trends and is capable of shaping society (Sivulka, 2012). We are influenced subtly by the meanings advertisers create in advertisements; in turn, our lifestyles and value priorities can affect the strategies of advertising design and branding. However, this mirror is distorted since advertising reflects only selected attitudes, values, lifestyles, and philosophies that work for sellers’ interests (Pollay, 1987). This paper examined the advertisements launched in nine of the most popular lifestyle magazines in China, to identify the frequently used values manifested in advertising, and its influences on the lifestyles of Chinese consumers. Two key theories are adopted in the value and advertising study: Hofstede’s five dimensions of national culture (1984) and Schwartz’s theory of basic values (1992). 525 print advertisements were selected. The advertising appeals were coded to identify the values that appeared most frequently in the advertisements. Pollay’s measurement of values manifest in advertising (1983) is used as the basic measurement guide. The value theme categories selected for content analysis were based on Schwartz’s value system. 12 values are finally adopted in the coding process: Family, Kinship affection, Accomplishment, Enjoyment, Social status, Love, Sense of belonging, Social responsibility, Utility, Self-fulfillment, Economic value, Authority power. After content analysis, we found that “utility,” “enjoyment,” “social status,” “accomplishment,” and “authority power” are the top five most frequently used values in advertisements targeting the Chinese middle and elite classes. This finding suggests that advertisements in China still play an important role in delivering utility information in product functions and effectiveness. Enjoyment is the second most frequently used value in these advertisements. Enjoyment is considered a typical western value (Cheng, 1997), which was forbidden in Confucian tradition. In Confucian tradition, enjoyment is discouraged. Working hard and not spending more than necessary are considered virtues (Hofstede and Bond, 1988). Nowadays, enjoyment is legitimated by mass media, western movies, and advertisements. Pursuing good quality life and enjoying it is considered a reward for hard work. The value of social status is the third frequently used value theme in magazine advertisements. As elite magazines are targeting the Chinese middle class, their audiences are readers who desire to move upward to a higher social status. These people are likely to have status consumption. They want to express their social status through consumer goods. The status meanings of consumer goods are usually delivered via advertisements using “social status” value. The frequent use of social status value in advertisements shows the strong need of Chinese consumers for social status. When values of consumers are consistent with the values reflected in advertising, t
广告是反映社会和文化趋势的镜子，能够塑造社会(Sivulka, 2012)。广告主在广告中创造的意义潜移默化地影响着我们;反过来，我们的生活方式和价值取向也会影响广告设计和品牌策略。然而，这面镜子是扭曲的，因为广告只反映了特定的态度、价值观、生活方式和符合卖家利益的哲学(Pollay, 1987)。本文以中国最受欢迎的九种生活方式杂志的广告为研究对象，找出广告中所体现的常用价值观，以及这些价值观对中国消费者生活方式的影响。价值与广告研究采用了两个关键理论:Hofstede的民族文化五个维度(1984)和Schwartz的基本价值理论(1992)。525个平面广告入选。广告诉求被编码，以确定在广告中出现最频繁的价值观。Pollay对广告中体现的价值的测量(1983)被用作基本的测量指南。内容分析所选择的价值主题类别是基于施瓦茨的价值体系。在编码过程中最终采用了12种价值观:家庭、亲情、成就、享受、社会地位、爱、归属感、社会责任、效用、自我实现、经济价值、权威权力。经过内容分析，我们发现“效用”、“享受”、“社会地位”、“成就”和“权威力量”是中国中产和精英阶层广告中使用频率最高的五个价值观。这一发现表明，在中国，广告在传递产品功能和有效性的效用信息方面仍然发挥着重要作用。享受是这些广告中使用频率第二高的价值。享受被认为是一种典型的西方价值观(Cheng, 1997)，这在儒家传统中是被禁止的。在儒家传统中，享乐是不被鼓励的。努力工作和不超支被认为是美德(Hofstede and Bond, 1988)。如今，大众传媒、西方电影和广告使娱乐合法化。追求高质量的生活并享受它被认为是对努力工作的奖励。社会地位价值是杂志广告中使用频率第三高的价值主题。精英杂志的目标受众是中国的中产阶级，他们的读者是那些渴望上升到更高社会地位的人。这些人很可能有身份消费。他们想通过消费品来表达自己的社会地位。消费品的地位意义通常是通过广告利用“社会地位”价值来传递的。社会地位价值在广告中的频繁使用表明了中国消费者对社会地位的强烈需求。当消费者的价值观与广告所反映的价值观相一致时，消费者对广告、产品和品牌的好感度就会增加，因此，广告就会更有效(Polegato和Bjerke, 2006)。本研究从新兴市场广告的角度探讨价值和生活方式问题。广告的中介作用使我们能够更好地了解中国等新兴市场新中产阶级的价值观和生活方式的形成和变化。这项研究的发现也可以帮助广告商和设计师了解广告中最吸引他们的价值主题。
{"title":"Advertising and Values: A Study on Cultural values Manifested in Advertising Targeting the Urban Middle Class in China","authors":"Wenhua Li, Ziqi Ye","doi":"10.54941/ahfe1001850","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1001850","url":null,"abstract":"Advertising is the mirror that reflects social and cultural trends and is capable of shaping society (Sivulka, 2012). We are influenced subtly by the meanings advertisers create in advertisements; in turn, our lifestyles and value priorities can affect the strategies of advertising design and branding. However, this mirror is distorted since advertising reflects only selected attitudes, values, lifestyles, and philosophies that work for sellers’ interests (Pollay, 1987). This paper examined the advertisements launched in nine of the most popular lifestyle magazines in China, to identify the frequently used values manifested in advertising, and its influences on the lifestyles of Chinese consumers. Two key theories are adopted in the value and advertising study: Hofstede’s five dimensions of national culture (1984) and Schwartz’s theory of basic values (1992). 525 print advertisements were selected. The advertising appeals were coded to identify the values that appeared most frequently in the advertisements. Pollay’s measurement of values manifest in advertising (1983) is used as the basic measurement guide. The value theme categories selected for content analysis were based on Schwartz’s value system. 12 values are finally adopted in the coding process: Family, Kinship affection, Accomplishment, Enjoyment, Social status, Love, Sense of belonging, Social responsibility, Utility, Self-fulfillment, Economic value, Authority power. After content analysis, we found that “utility,” “enjoyment,” “social status,” “accomplishment,” and “authority power” are the top five most frequently used values in advertisements targeting the Chinese middle and elite classes. This finding suggests that advertisements in China still play an important role in delivering utility information in product functions and effectiveness. Enjoyment is the second most frequently used value in these advertisements. Enjoyment is considered a typical western value (Cheng, 1997), which was forbidden in Confucian tradition. In Confucian tradition, enjoyment is discouraged. Working hard and not spending more than necessary are considered virtues (Hofstede and Bond, 1988). Nowadays, enjoyment is legitimated by mass media, western movies, and advertisements. Pursuing good quality life and enjoying it is considered a reward for hard work. The value of social status is the third frequently used value theme in magazine advertisements. As elite magazines are targeting the Chinese middle class, their audiences are readers who desire to move upward to a higher social status. These people are likely to have status consumption. They want to express their social status through consumer goods. The status meanings of consumer goods are usually delivered via advertisements using “social status” value. The frequent use of social status value in advertisements shows the strong need of Chinese consumers for social status. When values of consumers are consistent with the values reflected in advertising, t","PeriodicalId":375109,"journal":{"name":"Cross-Cultural Decision Making","volume":"85 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115046857","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rail transit is an important part of urban public transportation and subway bears most of the urban public transportation volume as an important part of urban rail. The uneven density of standing seats in subway cars has always been a common problem. Passengers accustomed to gathering at the door will not only reduce the capacity of the vehicle, but also affect the comfort of passengers. The distribution of passengers in the compartment is affected by the passenger's personal attributes, travel characteristics and the layout of the facilities in the compartment. The first two types are subjective uncontrollable factors, while the third type of layout belongs to objective environmental factors.In this study, the factors influencing the position selection of standing passengers are focused on the differentiated layout of the compartment, and the standing space inside the compartment is divided into three areas, namely the door area, the transition area and the intermediate passage area. Based on the classification and summary of the layout of existing subway functional parts, three different layout factors that affect the preference choice of standing passengers are proposed. Including the number of center pillars (single carriage has 4 and more than 4), the door area handle type (vertical bar and high bar), seat layout (N+N type and N+2 type). A total of 184 people were selected to participate in the investigation of the attitude of preference for standing position. By introducing the concept of the preference degree of the standing position, the preference degree of the passenger standing position under the condition of the differentiated layout was compared, and the differentiated layout was shown on the paper prototype. And use the multivariate ordered Logit model to analyze the data.The results show that the number of central pillars in a single carriage is greater than 4 and the high ring bar in the door area is a risk factor for the transition zone to obtain a higher degree of preference. When the number of mid-pillars is greater than 4 and the door area is a high ring bar, passengers will The preference of the transition zone has declined; the N+2 layout is a risk factor for higher preference in the door area. With the N+2 seat layout, the passenger’s preference for the door area has declined; in a single compartment The number of uprights is greater than 4, the high ring bar in the door area and the N+2 seat layout are the protective factors for a higher degree of preference in the middle aisle area. When the number of columns in a single carriage is more than 4 or the door area is a high bar or the seat layout is N +2, passengers' preference for the middle aisle area will increase. The data results confirm that the layout of the compartment facilities will affect the preferences of passengers for different standing areas. The number and placement of the columns will guide the path of passengers, and the grip comfort of the handrail facili
{"title":"Analysis on the preference intention and its influencing factors of standing passengers in subway carriages","authors":"Ke-sheng Liu, Canqun He, Zhelong Hu","doi":"10.54941/ahfe1001854","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1001854","url":null,"abstract":"Rail transit is an important part of urban public transportation and subway bears most of the urban public transportation volume as an important part of urban rail. The uneven density of standing seats in subway cars has always been a common problem. Passengers accustomed to gathering at the door will not only reduce the capacity of the vehicle, but also affect the comfort of passengers. The distribution of passengers in the compartment is affected by the passenger's personal attributes, travel characteristics and the layout of the facilities in the compartment. The first two types are subjective uncontrollable factors, while the third type of layout belongs to objective environmental factors.In this study, the factors influencing the position selection of standing passengers are focused on the differentiated layout of the compartment, and the standing space inside the compartment is divided into three areas, namely the door area, the transition area and the intermediate passage area. Based on the classification and summary of the layout of existing subway functional parts, three different layout factors that affect the preference choice of standing passengers are proposed. Including the number of center pillars (single carriage has 4 and more than 4), the door area handle type (vertical bar and high bar), seat layout (N+N type and N+2 type). A total of 184 people were selected to participate in the investigation of the attitude of preference for standing position. By introducing the concept of the preference degree of the standing position, the preference degree of the passenger standing position under the condition of the differentiated layout was compared, and the differentiated layout was shown on the paper prototype. And use the multivariate ordered Logit model to analyze the data.The results show that the number of central pillars in a single carriage is greater than 4 and the high ring bar in the door area is a risk factor for the transition zone to obtain a higher degree of preference. When the number of mid-pillars is greater than 4 and the door area is a high ring bar, passengers will The preference of the transition zone has declined; the N+2 layout is a risk factor for higher preference in the door area. With the N+2 seat layout, the passenger’s preference for the door area has declined; in a single compartment The number of uprights is greater than 4, the high ring bar in the door area and the N+2 seat layout are the protective factors for a higher degree of preference in the middle aisle area. When the number of columns in a single carriage is more than 4 or the door area is a high bar or the seat layout is N +2, passengers' preference for the middle aisle area will increase. The data results confirm that the layout of the compartment facilities will affect the preferences of passengers for different standing areas. The number and placement of the columns will guide the path of passengers, and the grip comfort of the handrail facili","PeriodicalId":375109,"journal":{"name":"Cross-Cultural Decision Making","volume":"107 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122539215","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Developed countries have vastly depleted workforces because of their ageing populations. Finland is one of the countries suffering from labour shortages in all areas. At the same time, existing immigrants cannot find suitable work in Finnish firms due to language and integration barriers. This paper aims to explore the importance of the Finnish language in recruiting workers with foreign backgrounds, the need for a foreign workforce and the openness of Finnish firms to cooperation in solving these issues. The focus is on the recruitment barriers and the shortage of the workforce side of the data. The data have been collected from 36 firms from Finland in an interview form between 2020 and 2021 and qualitatively analysed and interpreted. The study explains the level of need for foreign workforces in Finnish firms and their willingness to cooperate with facilitating projects and funding bodies. It also connects the project findings to Finland’s official strategic focus for 2030.
{"title":"Finnish Firms and the Employment of Foreign Workers","authors":"Afnan Zafar, M. Ahola","doi":"10.54941/ahfe1001858","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1001858","url":null,"abstract":"Developed countries have vastly depleted workforces because of their ageing populations. Finland is one of the countries suffering from labour shortages in all areas. At the same time, existing immigrants cannot find suitable work in Finnish firms due to language and integration barriers. This paper aims to explore the importance of the Finnish language in recruiting workers with foreign backgrounds, the need for a foreign workforce and the openness of Finnish firms to cooperation in solving these issues. The focus is on the recruitment barriers and the shortage of the workforce side of the data. The data have been collected from 36 firms from Finland in an interview form between 2020 and 2021 and qualitatively analysed and interpreted. The study explains the level of need for foreign workforces in Finnish firms and their willingness to cooperate with facilitating projects and funding bodies. It also connects the project findings to Finland’s official strategic focus for 2030.","PeriodicalId":375109,"journal":{"name":"Cross-Cultural Decision Making","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134391544","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The present study examined the factors leading to good UX that affect overall satisfaction in long-term product use. This finding would contribute to establishing design guidelines to enhance user experience (UX). A questionnaire was conducted to investigate overall satisfaction and impression of digital products. The four types of pleasures (physio-pleasure, socio-pleasure, psycho-pleasure, and ideo-pleasure) were considered aspects that constitute UX, and their impacts on overall product satisfaction were investigated. Moreover, what kind of product impressions lead to pleasure was also investigated. The effects of digital products' four pleasures and impressions on overall satisfaction were analyzed using multiple regression analysis. Physio-pleasure and psycho-pleasure were found to contribute to the overall satisfaction of digital products.
{"title":"Identifying Satisfaction Factors in Long-Term Use of Digital Products for Young Japanese Consumers","authors":"Toshihisa Doi, A. Murata","doi":"10.54941/ahfe1001857","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1001857","url":null,"abstract":"The present study examined the factors leading to good UX that affect overall satisfaction in long-term product use. This finding would contribute to establishing design guidelines to enhance user experience (UX). A questionnaire was conducted to investigate overall satisfaction and impression of digital products. The four types of pleasures (physio-pleasure, socio-pleasure, psycho-pleasure, and ideo-pleasure) were considered aspects that constitute UX, and their impacts on overall product satisfaction were investigated. Moreover, what kind of product impressions lead to pleasure was also investigated. The effects of digital products' four pleasures and impressions on overall satisfaction were analyzed using multiple regression analysis. Physio-pleasure and psycho-pleasure were found to contribute to the overall satisfaction of digital products.","PeriodicalId":375109,"journal":{"name":"Cross-Cultural Decision Making","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122019753","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Venus’ ideology has gone through various stages, including the primitive reproduction worship in the Paleolithic Age, the classical goddess of love and beauty in ancient Greece and Rome, the humanism of decline and revival in the Middle Ages and the early Renaissance, the secular humanity of vigorous development in the late Renaissance and the deconstructive cultural symbols after the twentieth century. The “Venus” is currently the convention of public aesthetics, the reconstruction of love and beauty, and the desire to impress people forever. It breaks the boundaries between classical art and public life, and stimulates the autonomy of cultural inheritance and innovation. This paper will specifically analyze the development of Venus’ ideology, and analyze the connotation and practical path of the autonomy of cultural inheritance and innovation through this example.
{"title":"The autonomy of cultural inheritance and innovation from the process of Venus' Ideological Development","authors":"Ding Dianfan, Wuzhong Zhou","doi":"10.54941/ahfe1001859","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1001859","url":null,"abstract":"Venus’ ideology has gone through various stages, including the primitive reproduction worship in the Paleolithic Age, the classical goddess of love and beauty in ancient Greece and Rome, the humanism of decline and revival in the Middle Ages and the early Renaissance, the secular humanity of vigorous development in the late Renaissance and the deconstructive cultural symbols after the twentieth century. The “Venus” is currently the convention of public aesthetics, the reconstruction of love and beauty, and the desire to impress people forever. It breaks the boundaries between classical art and public life, and stimulates the autonomy of cultural inheritance and innovation. This paper will specifically analyze the development of Venus’ ideology, and analyze the connotation and practical path of the autonomy of cultural inheritance and innovation through this example.","PeriodicalId":375109,"journal":{"name":"Cross-Cultural Decision Making","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126685302","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
During the period when the new crown epidemic spreads and coexists with human beings on a large scale around the world, the process of globalization has been impacted. The existing international order, geopolitical order, and social order have also been challenged to a certain extent. Globalization is not homogenization that eliminates differences. Tracing the roots of diverse cultures requires that the research object be transferred to the most basic unit, knowledge production in localized communities. This paper expounds on the connotation and opportunities of the post-epidemic era from the micro and macro levels, combined with the method of social design, analyzes and draws the principles for the construction of the localized knowledge production model, and constructs the model.
{"title":"Construction of the localized knowledge production model based on social design method in the post-epidemic era","authors":"Jiaqi Qian","doi":"10.54941/ahfe1001861","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1001861","url":null,"abstract":"During the period when the new crown epidemic spreads and coexists with human beings on a large scale around the world, the process of globalization has been impacted. The existing international order, geopolitical order, and social order have also been challenged to a certain extent. Globalization is not homogenization that eliminates differences. Tracing the roots of diverse cultures requires that the research object be transferred to the most basic unit, knowledge production in localized communities. This paper expounds on the connotation and opportunities of the post-epidemic era from the micro and macro levels, combined with the method of social design, analyzes and draws the principles for the construction of the localized knowledge production model, and constructs the model.","PeriodicalId":375109,"journal":{"name":"Cross-Cultural Decision Making","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131462954","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Contemporary discourse on such issues as the quality of the globalizing world providing diverse opportunities, factors determining changes in the social system, and the condition of the human being seeking their place in the reality undergoing permanent change, is one of the most important research orientations. The contemporary social context opens up a wide range of opportunities for individuals to build their own careers. Thus, it seems justified to inquire about the proactivity in the career planning process and to determine whether and how an individual can be prepared to develop, manage, and monitor his/her career to ensure a satisfying experience of oneself and one’s place in the reality of the globalizing world. Contemporary career studies advocate taking into account the process of investing in career capital, the immanent characteristic of which is the subject’s orientation towards proactivity.What becomes an important feature of the individual’s mind is the prospective temporal orientation towards the following: the anticipation of events and their unintended effects, the ability to forecast and plan future actions and to assess the consequences, but above all, the ability to create future desired states of affairs, creating new options of participation and action. Undoubtedly, an important issue that requires inclusion in the course of a person’s life is career development and renewal of career capital. The research on careers means the study of both changes of individuals and changes of organizations, as well as transformations in society. In the discontinuous space-time and heterogeneous system of cultural meanings in the world of global change, career development and the formation of an individual’s own professional identity becomes a cognitive practice based on individual experimentation. The contemporary social configuration in which the search for identity has become a flexible point of reference opens up a range of numerous possibilities for an individual to create his/her own career in the course of life. Continuous development has become an inherent property of career capital renewal. The multiplicity, fragmentation, variability, and complexity, which characterize the organization of social life in the globalizing society, determine changes in the perception of career development and overcoming the tension between the experiences of the past and the possibilities of the future.
{"title":"A world of diverse opportunities – on the need for proactive career capital renewal in the globalizing society","authors":"Agnieszka Cybal-Michalska","doi":"10.54941/ahfe1001852","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1001852","url":null,"abstract":"Contemporary discourse on such issues as the quality of the globalizing world providing diverse opportunities, factors determining changes in the social system, and the condition of the human being seeking their place in the reality undergoing permanent change, is one of the most important research orientations. The contemporary social context opens up a wide range of opportunities for individuals to build their own careers. Thus, it seems justified to inquire about the proactivity in the career planning process and to determine whether and how an individual can be prepared to develop, manage, and monitor his/her career to ensure a satisfying experience of oneself and one’s place in the reality of the globalizing world. Contemporary career studies advocate taking into account the process of investing in career capital, the immanent characteristic of which is the subject’s orientation towards proactivity.What becomes an important feature of the individual’s mind is the prospective temporal orientation towards the following: the anticipation of events and their unintended effects, the ability to forecast and plan future actions and to assess the consequences, but above all, the ability to create future desired states of affairs, creating new options of participation and action. Undoubtedly, an important issue that requires inclusion in the course of a person’s life is career development and renewal of career capital. The research on careers means the study of both changes of individuals and changes of organizations, as well as transformations in society. In the discontinuous space-time and heterogeneous system of cultural meanings in the world of global change, career development and the formation of an individual’s own professional identity becomes a cognitive practice based on individual experimentation. The contemporary social configuration in which the search for identity has become a flexible point of reference opens up a range of numerous possibilities for an individual to create his/her own career in the course of life. Continuous development has become an inherent property of career capital renewal. The multiplicity, fragmentation, variability, and complexity, which characterize the organization of social life in the globalizing society, determine changes in the perception of career development and overcoming the tension between the experiences of the past and the possibilities of the future.","PeriodicalId":375109,"journal":{"name":"Cross-Cultural Decision Making","volume":"236 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132682709","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Broadway, as one of the leading commercial show districts in the West, has a mature commercial experience and operation model. The theatre industry on Broadway is different from other places, and its production and marketing methods have also proven to be highly successful. This paper analyses the business model, artistic concept, communication strategy, and user research of Western theatre based on Broadway at the academic level. At the practical level, the paper investigates the cross-cultural management and communication model of the Chinese theatre industry. The Broadway theatre management that operates separately for theatres and productions, together with the art form that focuses on scenery, stage art, and sound effects, is applied to the management and communication of the traditional Chinese theatre industry. The paper aims at promoting traditional culture and making traditional theatre more suitable for modern aesthetic needs and market demands. The contribution of the paper is to improve traditional Chinese theatre into a creator-centered theatre performance consisting of music, song, dance, and dialogue in a cross-cultural context, based on the Broadway operation model. A modern marketing campaign is used to promote exposure and sustainability. As a result, a framework for Chinese traditional theatre products based on cross-culture is constructed.
{"title":"Cross-Cultural Management of Chinese Traditional Theatre Industry Based on Broadway Operation Model","authors":"Xi-lu Chen, Tao Xi","doi":"10.54941/ahfe1001860","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1001860","url":null,"abstract":"Broadway, as one of the leading commercial show districts in the West, has a mature commercial experience and operation model. The theatre industry on Broadway is different from other places, and its production and marketing methods have also proven to be highly successful. This paper analyses the business model, artistic concept, communication strategy, and user research of Western theatre based on Broadway at the academic level. At the practical level, the paper investigates the cross-cultural management and communication model of the Chinese theatre industry. The Broadway theatre management that operates separately for theatres and productions, together with the art form that focuses on scenery, stage art, and sound effects, is applied to the management and communication of the traditional Chinese theatre industry. The paper aims at promoting traditional culture and making traditional theatre more suitable for modern aesthetic needs and market demands. The contribution of the paper is to improve traditional Chinese theatre into a creator-centered theatre performance consisting of music, song, dance, and dialogue in a cross-cultural context, based on the Broadway operation model. A modern marketing campaign is used to promote exposure and sustainability. As a result, a framework for Chinese traditional theatre products based on cross-culture is constructed.","PeriodicalId":375109,"journal":{"name":"Cross-Cultural Decision Making","volume":"394 1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114375426","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
It has been pointed out that thoughts are affected by culture. While eastern people have a more holistic way of thinking, western people have a more focused analytic way of thinking. Western people tend to behave based on internal attributes. On the other hand, eastern people tend to behave based on the interaction between internal attributes and situational factors. In summary, Western people cannot see the forests for the trees, which generally means that they cannot review the overall situation before discussing the details, and that they seem to infer causes based on effects. To the contrary, eastern people cannot see the trees for the forests and tend to have comprehensive belief and thus judge that they cannot know trees without seeing forests.The cross-cultural difference in thought is expected to lead to the cross-cultural difference in risk behavior. We have clarified cross-cultural differences in baseball game and working hours. Cross-cultural differences are also identified in a variety of fields such as corporate, finance, investment, policy making, management, or traffic behavior. It has been pointed out that individualism has a positive association with corporate risk-taking, whereas uncertainty (risk) avoidance and harmony have negative associations with corporate risk-taking. It has also been demonstrated that apparent differences in risk preference in buying prices for risky financial options were associated primarily with cultural differences in the perception of risk of the financial options. The cross-cultural differences in simulated driver risk-taking behavior have also been clarified. The frequency of risk-taking behavior differed among countries. Risk-taking was found to be higher for domestic firms in countries with low propensity of risk aversion and high individualism (cannot behave more holistically).In this manner, it is expected that cross-cultural difference matters in thoughts and risk behavior of corporate, finance, investment, and management, etc. This paper reviewed cross-cultural differences in thoughts and risk behavior and gave some implications for irrational decision making that took account of cross-cultural differences especially in safety management.
{"title":"Cross-cultural differences in thought and risk behavior – Implications for safety management","authors":"A. Murata, Toshihisa Doi","doi":"10.54941/ahfe1001849","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1001849","url":null,"abstract":"It has been pointed out that thoughts are affected by culture. While eastern people have a more holistic way of thinking, western people have a more focused analytic way of thinking. Western people tend to behave based on internal attributes. On the other hand, eastern people tend to behave based on the interaction between internal attributes and situational factors. In summary, Western people cannot see the forests for the trees, which generally means that they cannot review the overall situation before discussing the details, and that they seem to infer causes based on effects. To the contrary, eastern people cannot see the trees for the forests and tend to have comprehensive belief and thus judge that they cannot know trees without seeing forests.The cross-cultural difference in thought is expected to lead to the cross-cultural difference in risk behavior. We have clarified cross-cultural differences in baseball game and working hours. Cross-cultural differences are also identified in a variety of fields such as corporate, finance, investment, policy making, management, or traffic behavior. It has been pointed out that individualism has a positive association with corporate risk-taking, whereas uncertainty (risk) avoidance and harmony have negative associations with corporate risk-taking. It has also been demonstrated that apparent differences in risk preference in buying prices for risky financial options were associated primarily with cultural differences in the perception of risk of the financial options. The cross-cultural differences in simulated driver risk-taking behavior have also been clarified. The frequency of risk-taking behavior differed among countries. Risk-taking was found to be higher for domestic firms in countries with low propensity of risk aversion and high individualism (cannot behave more holistically).In this manner, it is expected that cross-cultural difference matters in thoughts and risk behavior of corporate, finance, investment, and management, etc. This paper reviewed cross-cultural differences in thoughts and risk behavior and gave some implications for irrational decision making that took account of cross-cultural differences especially in safety management.","PeriodicalId":375109,"journal":{"name":"Cross-Cultural Decision Making","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116846744","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In domains ranging from military engagements to business to politics to games, competitors take actions to gain an advantage over others. Game theory has been used extensively since the 1950s to analyze such domains and to gain insights into the best moves for all competitors. While it is a powerful tool for analysis, game theory often falls short when applied to real-world encounters. Game-theoretic approaches over-simplify by assuming each side is composed of rational actors that attempt to maximize a single-valued utility function. Even with that simplification, real-world scenarios are often difficult to formalize as a solvable “game,” and even when the problem can be defined as a game, it is computationally expensive to calculate the best actions for each actor.We will present research that extends game theory to include multiple forms of utility for each actor. This enables us to recast traditional, albeit simple game-theory games like the Prisoners’ Dilemma and the Ultimatum Game, which produce results at odds with real-world expectations when confined to traditional measures of utility (i.e., minimizing jail time and maximizing money). By adding utility measures like commitment and fairness, we can generate a Pareto-optimal set of solutions that are better at recreating and explaining real-world behavior than traditional single-utility game theory. In our formulation, the actors are still acting rationally, they are just factoring in a more complex set of tradeoffs that our multi-utility game theory can naturally model.We will also present research into a game representation scheme that lets the scenario modeler express real-world action-to-action constraints like “enables” and “blocks.” These constraints support basic reasoning about ordering of actions without having to build full search tress or reason about time generally. Accounting for these constraints also significantly reduces the space of possible solutions, making it tractable to find exact solutions for certain classes of complex scenarios.Finally, we will present a software toolkit that simplifies the process of defining a game and analyzing the plausible outcomes. The model building tool helps analysts capture the goals and motivations of each actor, the actions available, and how those actions affect goals or other actions. Using these models, the analysis suite calculates the Pareto-optimal choices for each actor in that scenario and helps analysts navigate the plausible outcomes. With these tools, decision makers can assess the value of their strategic options, even in cases where adversaries may choose actions traditional game theory would label incorrect.We have used the software toolkit to create and analyze several models, from simple games like rock-paper-scissors to a real-world political gray-zone conflict with 3 nation states, 23 possible actions, 18 different motivations, and 10^21 possible solutions. The results were computed in seconds and align with behavior o
{"title":"Approaches to Extending Game-Theoretic Analyses to Complex, Real-World Scenarios","authors":"William Neal Reilly, Leonard Eusebi","doi":"10.54941/ahfe1001853","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1001853","url":null,"abstract":"In domains ranging from military engagements to business to politics to games, competitors take actions to gain an advantage over others. Game theory has been used extensively since the 1950s to analyze such domains and to gain insights into the best moves for all competitors. While it is a powerful tool for analysis, game theory often falls short when applied to real-world encounters. Game-theoretic approaches over-simplify by assuming each side is composed of rational actors that attempt to maximize a single-valued utility function. Even with that simplification, real-world scenarios are often difficult to formalize as a solvable “game,” and even when the problem can be defined as a game, it is computationally expensive to calculate the best actions for each actor.We will present research that extends game theory to include multiple forms of utility for each actor. This enables us to recast traditional, albeit simple game-theory games like the Prisoners’ Dilemma and the Ultimatum Game, which produce results at odds with real-world expectations when confined to traditional measures of utility (i.e., minimizing jail time and maximizing money). By adding utility measures like commitment and fairness, we can generate a Pareto-optimal set of solutions that are better at recreating and explaining real-world behavior than traditional single-utility game theory. In our formulation, the actors are still acting rationally, they are just factoring in a more complex set of tradeoffs that our multi-utility game theory can naturally model.We will also present research into a game representation scheme that lets the scenario modeler express real-world action-to-action constraints like “enables” and “blocks.” These constraints support basic reasoning about ordering of actions without having to build full search tress or reason about time generally. Accounting for these constraints also significantly reduces the space of possible solutions, making it tractable to find exact solutions for certain classes of complex scenarios.Finally, we will present a software toolkit that simplifies the process of defining a game and analyzing the plausible outcomes. The model building tool helps analysts capture the goals and motivations of each actor, the actions available, and how those actions affect goals or other actions. Using these models, the analysis suite calculates the Pareto-optimal choices for each actor in that scenario and helps analysts navigate the plausible outcomes. With these tools, decision makers can assess the value of their strategic options, even in cases where adversaries may choose actions traditional game theory would label incorrect.We have used the software toolkit to create and analyze several models, from simple games like rock-paper-scissors to a real-world political gray-zone conflict with 3 nation states, 23 possible actions, 18 different motivations, and 10^21 possible solutions. The results were computed in seconds and align with behavior o","PeriodicalId":375109,"journal":{"name":"Cross-Cultural Decision Making","volume":"59 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130826144","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：