A method for obtaining estimates of the partial correlation matrices of a multivariate process using Cholesky decomposition is described. The estimates provide a minimum phase autoregressive model for the observed data and a positive definite autocorrelation function estimate.
{"title":"Estimation of partial correlation matrices using cholesky decomposition","authors":"B. Dickinson","doi":"10.1109/CDC.1978.267934","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CDC.1978.267934","url":null,"abstract":"A method for obtaining estimates of the partial correlation matrices of a multivariate process using Cholesky decomposition is described. The estimates provide a minimum phase autoregressive model for the observed data and a positive definite autocorrelation function estimate.","PeriodicalId":375119,"journal":{"name":"1978 IEEE Conference on Decision and Control including the 17th Symposium on Adaptive Processes","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116542051","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Interest has increased in the active control of vibrations in mechanically flexible systems, e.g. attitude control of flexible spacecraft, ride quality improvement of air and surface transportation, and active optics. To insure satisfactory performance of such systems, their distributed parameter nature must be taken into account in control system design. In this paper, we obtain feedback control of N modes of a flexible system described by a generalized wave equation and quantify the problem of control "spillover" into the uncontrolled modes. This paper summarizes results obtained in [1].
{"title":"Modal control of certain flexible dynamic systems: Estimates of residual mode effects","authors":"M. Balas","doi":"10.1109/CDC.1978.267927","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CDC.1978.267927","url":null,"abstract":"Interest has increased in the active control of vibrations in mechanically flexible systems, e.g. attitude control of flexible spacecraft, ride quality improvement of air and surface transportation, and active optics. To insure satisfactory performance of such systems, their distributed parameter nature must be taken into account in control system design. In this paper, we obtain feedback control of N modes of a flexible system described by a generalized wave equation and quantify the problem of control \"spillover\" into the uncontrolled modes. This paper summarizes results obtained in [1].","PeriodicalId":375119,"journal":{"name":"1978 IEEE Conference on Decision and Control including the 17th Symposium on Adaptive Processes","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125156291","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The VTOL Approach and Landing Technology (VALT) Program of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration is conducting research in navigation, guidance, control display, and flight management for future VTOL aircraft. As part of the research in advanced control technology Honeywell designed a digital self-adaptive flight control system for flight test in the VALT Research Aircraft -- a tandem rotor medium transport helicopter (a modified CH-47). The control laws accept commands from an automatic on-board guidance system. The primary objective of the control laws is to provide good command following with a minimum cross-axis response. Three attitudes and vertical velocity are separately commanded. Adaptation of the control laws is based on information from rate and attitude gyros and a vertical velocity measurement. The final design resulted from a comparison of two different adaptive concepts -- one based on explicit parameter estimates from a real-time Maximum Likelihood Estimation algorithm, the other based on an implicit Model Reference adaptive system. The two designs were compared on the basis of performance and complexity.
{"title":"Digital adaptive control laws for VTOL aircraft","authors":"G. Hartmann, G. Stein","doi":"10.1109/CDC.1978.268103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CDC.1978.268103","url":null,"abstract":"The VTOL Approach and Landing Technology (VALT) Program of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration is conducting research in navigation, guidance, control display, and flight management for future VTOL aircraft. As part of the research in advanced control technology Honeywell designed a digital self-adaptive flight control system for flight test in the VALT Research Aircraft -- a tandem rotor medium transport helicopter (a modified CH-47). The control laws accept commands from an automatic on-board guidance system. The primary objective of the control laws is to provide good command following with a minimum cross-axis response. Three attitudes and vertical velocity are separately commanded. Adaptation of the control laws is based on information from rate and attitude gyros and a vertical velocity measurement. The final design resulted from a comparison of two different adaptive concepts -- one based on explicit parameter estimates from a real-time Maximum Likelihood Estimation algorithm, the other based on an implicit Model Reference adaptive system. The two designs were compared on the basis of performance and complexity.","PeriodicalId":375119,"journal":{"name":"1978 IEEE Conference on Decision and Control including the 17th Symposium on Adaptive Processes","volume":"100 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125610819","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Modelling for stochastic systems and quantum fields","authors":"S. Mitter","doi":"10.1109/CDC.1978.268084","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CDC.1978.268084","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":375119,"journal":{"name":"1978 IEEE Conference on Decision and Control including the 17th Symposium on Adaptive Processes","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131441100","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The DC model for the steady-state electrical power flow is evaluated from the double viewpoint of its modeling adequacy and its flexibility as an aid to analysis and planning in generation and transmission systems. Two new results are obtained: -The DC model is shown to be conservative with respect to the more accurate AC model (where losses are neglected) in checking for line overloads. -A formula is obtained for the derivative of the aggregate loss of load (or, more generally, the minimum cost of curtailment), as calculated with the DC model, with respect to any branch susceptance. It is felt that the first result adds credibility to the DC model, while the second one enhances its potential as a tool for decision-making.
{"title":"New insights in the use of the DC model for steady-state analysis of power systems","authors":"P. Dersin","doi":"10.1109/CDC.1978.268052","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CDC.1978.268052","url":null,"abstract":"The DC model for the steady-state electrical power flow is evaluated from the double viewpoint of its modeling adequacy and its flexibility as an aid to analysis and planning in generation and transmission systems. Two new results are obtained: -The DC model is shown to be conservative with respect to the more accurate AC model (where losses are neglected) in checking for line overloads. -A formula is obtained for the derivative of the aggregate loss of load (or, more generally, the minimum cost of curtailment), as calculated with the DC model, with respect to any branch susceptance. It is felt that the first result adds credibility to the DC model, while the second one enhances its potential as a tool for decision-making.","PeriodicalId":375119,"journal":{"name":"1978 IEEE Conference on Decision and Control including the 17th Symposium on Adaptive Processes","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131566941","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper describes a study of the applicability of adaptive and optimal control techniques to the control of heating, ventilating, and air conditioning (HVAC) systems of solar heated and cooled buildings. The suitability of optimal and adaptive concepts is discussed and the selected approach is explained. An integral quadratic cost functional to define optimal performance and an identification process to produce a linearized building model are combined to yield an adaptive linear regulator solution. The building model is described and heating system simulations of three versions of the adaptive optimal controller are reported along with a simulation of a conventional controller for comparison. A nonlinear, open-loop, optimal control simulation is also reported and used to indicate an upper bound on achievable performance. Cooling system simulation results are also reported for an adaptive optimal controller and a conventional controller. Substantial savings in auxiliary energy requirements are demonstrated by the adaptive optimal controllers.
{"title":"Energy savings for a solar heated and cooled building through adaptive optimal control","authors":"D. Farris, J. Melsa","doi":"10.1109/CDC.1978.267921","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CDC.1978.267921","url":null,"abstract":"This paper describes a study of the applicability of adaptive and optimal control techniques to the control of heating, ventilating, and air conditioning (HVAC) systems of solar heated and cooled buildings. The suitability of optimal and adaptive concepts is discussed and the selected approach is explained. An integral quadratic cost functional to define optimal performance and an identification process to produce a linearized building model are combined to yield an adaptive linear regulator solution. The building model is described and heating system simulations of three versions of the adaptive optimal controller are reported along with a simulation of a conventional controller for comparison. A nonlinear, open-loop, optimal control simulation is also reported and used to indicate an upper bound on achievable performance. Cooling system simulation results are also reported for an adaptive optimal controller and a conventional controller. Substantial savings in auxiliary energy requirements are demonstrated by the adaptive optimal controllers.","PeriodicalId":375119,"journal":{"name":"1978 IEEE Conference on Decision and Control including the 17th Symposium on Adaptive Processes","volume":"15 12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127643591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper contains an overview of a theoretical framework for the design of reliable multivariable control systems, with special emphasis on actuator failures and necessary actuator redundancy levels. Using a linear model of the system, with Markovian failure probabilities and quadratic performance index, an optimal stochastic control problem is posed and solved. The solution requires the iteration of a set of highly coupled Riccati-like matrix difference equations; if these converge one has a reliable design; if they diverge, the design is unreliable, and the system design cannot be stabilized. In addition, it is shown that the existence of a stabilizing constant feedback gain and the reliability of its implementation is equivalent to the convergence properties of a set of coupled Riccati-like matrix difference equations. In summary, these results can be used for off-line studies relating the open loop dynamics, required performance, actuator mean time to failure, and functional or identical actuator redundancy, with and without feedback gain reconfiguration strategies.
{"title":"On reliable control system designs with and without feedback reconfigurations","authors":"J. Birdwell, D. Castañón, M. Athans","doi":"10.1109/CDC.1978.267960","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CDC.1978.267960","url":null,"abstract":"This paper contains an overview of a theoretical framework for the design of reliable multivariable control systems, with special emphasis on actuator failures and necessary actuator redundancy levels. Using a linear model of the system, with Markovian failure probabilities and quadratic performance index, an optimal stochastic control problem is posed and solved. The solution requires the iteration of a set of highly coupled Riccati-like matrix difference equations; if these converge one has a reliable design; if they diverge, the design is unreliable, and the system design cannot be stabilized. In addition, it is shown that the existence of a stabilizing constant feedback gain and the reliability of its implementation is equivalent to the convergence properties of a set of coupled Riccati-like matrix difference equations. In summary, these results can be used for off-line studies relating the open loop dynamics, required performance, actuator mean time to failure, and functional or identical actuator redundancy, with and without feedback gain reconfiguration strategies.","PeriodicalId":375119,"journal":{"name":"1978 IEEE Conference on Decision and Control including the 17th Symposium on Adaptive Processes","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132942952","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this paper we describe a well documented, compactly coded, storage efficient, thoroughly tested, and easy to use set of FORTRAN IV subroutines for use in Kalman filter or least-squares applications. The package contains both the UDUT covariance factorization and the square root information filter algorithms developed at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory. Numerical reliability of the algorithms is a key feature of the package.
{"title":"A subroutine package for discrete estimation problems","authors":"G. Bierman","doi":"10.1109/CDC.1978.267890","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CDC.1978.267890","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper we describe a well documented, compactly coded, storage efficient, thoroughly tested, and easy to use set of FORTRAN IV subroutines for use in Kalman filter or least-squares applications. The package contains both the UDUT covariance factorization and the square root information filter algorithms developed at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory. Numerical reliability of the algorithms is a key feature of the package.","PeriodicalId":375119,"journal":{"name":"1978 IEEE Conference on Decision and Control including the 17th Symposium on Adaptive Processes","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134134455","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Random data analysis in nuclear power reactors for purposes of process surveillance, pattern recognition and monitoring of temperature, pressure, flow and neutron sensors has gained increasing attention in view of their potential for helping to ensure safe plant operation. In this paper, application of autoregressive moving-average (ARMA) time series modeling for monitoring temperature sensor response charactersitics is presented. The ARMA model is used to estimate the step and ramp response of the sensors and the related time constant and ramp delay time. The ARMA parameters are estimated by a two-stage algorithm in the spectral domain. Results of sensor testing for an operating pressurized water reactor are presented. Since the estimation depends on the random signal characteristics, there are cases where the noise analysis approach fails to predict sensor characteristics accurately. In general, the approach is useful for sensor monitoring schemes, rather than to predict a quantitative value of the sensor response.
{"title":"Sensor response monitoring in pressurized water reactors using time series modeling","authors":"B. Upadhyaya, T. Kerlin","doi":"10.1109/CDC.1978.268053","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CDC.1978.268053","url":null,"abstract":"Random data analysis in nuclear power reactors for purposes of process surveillance, pattern recognition and monitoring of temperature, pressure, flow and neutron sensors has gained increasing attention in view of their potential for helping to ensure safe plant operation. In this paper, application of autoregressive moving-average (ARMA) time series modeling for monitoring temperature sensor response charactersitics is presented. The ARMA model is used to estimate the step and ramp response of the sensors and the related time constant and ramp delay time. The ARMA parameters are estimated by a two-stage algorithm in the spectral domain. Results of sensor testing for an operating pressurized water reactor are presented. Since the estimation depends on the random signal characteristics, there are cases where the noise analysis approach fails to predict sensor characteristics accurately. In general, the approach is useful for sensor monitoring schemes, rather than to predict a quantitative value of the sensor response.","PeriodicalId":375119,"journal":{"name":"1978 IEEE Conference on Decision and Control including the 17th Symposium on Adaptive Processes","volume":"98 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134591982","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The behaviour of regulators for stochastic systems can be described with the variances of the input and the output. With these variances on the axes a diagram can be drawn. When the regulator parameters are varied an area in the diagram will be obtained. A particular regulator design method will be analysed in this respect. It is based on minimization of the conditional expectation of a wheighted sum of variances. The expectation is then taken conditional on all old measured data. It is shown that the regulator gives a reasonably good behaviour for systems with a positive real transfer function, For some other cases, e.g. non-minimum phase systems the regulator gives unstable closed loop systems.
{"title":"On the achievable accuracy in stochastic control","authors":"P. Modén, T. Soderstrom","doi":"10.1109/CDC.1978.267976","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CDC.1978.267976","url":null,"abstract":"The behaviour of regulators for stochastic systems can be described with the variances of the input and the output. With these variances on the axes a diagram can be drawn. When the regulator parameters are varied an area in the diagram will be obtained. A particular regulator design method will be analysed in this respect. It is based on minimization of the conditional expectation of a wheighted sum of variances. The expectation is then taken conditional on all old measured data. It is shown that the regulator gives a reasonably good behaviour for systems with a positive real transfer function, For some other cases, e.g. non-minimum phase systems the regulator gives unstable closed loop systems.","PeriodicalId":375119,"journal":{"name":"1978 IEEE Conference on Decision and Control including the 17th Symposium on Adaptive Processes","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134079475","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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