In this paper, maximum likelihood estimates of the mean and the covariance of a normal random variable, based on a set of independently, but nonidentically distributed observations, are discussed. An efficient algorithm for computing MLEs is introduced. The asymptotic properties such as strong consistency and asymptotic normality are examined.
{"title":"Maximum likelihood theory for a class of independently, but nonidentically distributed observations","authors":"Fang-kuo Sun, T. Lee","doi":"10.1109/CDC.1978.268023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CDC.1978.268023","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, maximum likelihood estimates of the mean and the covariance of a normal random variable, based on a set of independently, but nonidentically distributed observations, are discussed. An efficient algorithm for computing MLEs is introduced. The asymptotic properties such as strong consistency and asymptotic normality are examined.","PeriodicalId":375119,"journal":{"name":"1978 IEEE Conference on Decision and Control including the 17th Symposium on Adaptive Processes","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125046360","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Flexible manufacturing systems offer the potential for achieving mass-production levels of productivity in batch-type discrete parts manufacturing. However, to achieve such success, a great many critical design decisions must be properly made. This paper describes a mathematical model which is of particular value in the determining of the consequences of design decisions in the early phases of planning a system.
{"title":"Analytical performance evaluation for the design of flexible manufacturing systems","authors":"J. Solberg","doi":"10.1109/CDC.1978.268006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CDC.1978.268006","url":null,"abstract":"Flexible manufacturing systems offer the potential for achieving mass-production levels of productivity in batch-type discrete parts manufacturing. However, to achieve such success, a great many critical design decisions must be properly made. This paper describes a mathematical model which is of particular value in the determining of the consequences of design decisions in the early phases of planning a system.","PeriodicalId":375119,"journal":{"name":"1978 IEEE Conference on Decision and Control including the 17th Symposium on Adaptive Processes","volume":"137 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132202418","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In recent years, there has been an increasing interest in the pole-zero structure of multivariable sytems, at both finite and infinite frequencies. However, in most present approaches there is a certain asymmetry (which we shall elaborate below) in the treatment of the finite and infinite points. In this paper, we shall indicate how the language of valuation theory can be used to give a more uniform treatment of finite and infinite frequencies and more generally of polynomial and rational matrices.
{"title":"Some notes on valuation theory in linear systems","authors":"S. Kung, T. Kailath","doi":"10.1109/CDC.1978.267982","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CDC.1978.267982","url":null,"abstract":"In recent years, there has been an increasing interest in the pole-zero structure of multivariable sytems, at both finite and infinite frequencies. However, in most present approaches there is a certain asymmetry (which we shall elaborate below) in the treatment of the finite and infinite points. In this paper, we shall indicate how the language of valuation theory can be used to give a more uniform treatment of finite and infinite frequencies and more generally of polynomial and rational matrices.","PeriodicalId":375119,"journal":{"name":"1978 IEEE Conference on Decision and Control including the 17th Symposium on Adaptive Processes","volume":"36 8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131856310","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper presents two results: (i) a new structure for the solution of nonlinear analytic systems, and (ii) an application of Bellman's Fundamental Technique to obtain the sub-optimal-feedback control of a class of quasilinear systems with non-quadratic performance indices. The application of the Fundamental Technique with a non-linear auxiliary equation is shown to result in higher order approximating equations which are linear. Using the method by separation of variables, two examples are solved.
{"title":"A functional expansion approach to the solution of nonlinear feedback systems","authors":"Ramanand Singh, T. Johnson","doi":"10.1109/CDC.1978.267944","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CDC.1978.267944","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents two results: (i) a new structure for the solution of nonlinear analytic systems, and (ii) an application of Bellman's Fundamental Technique to obtain the sub-optimal-feedback control of a class of quasilinear systems with non-quadratic performance indices. The application of the Fundamental Technique with a non-linear auxiliary equation is shown to result in higher order approximating equations which are linear. Using the method by separation of variables, two examples are solved.","PeriodicalId":375119,"journal":{"name":"1978 IEEE Conference on Decision and Control including the 17th Symposium on Adaptive Processes","volume":"390 2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133516947","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The bang-bang control of certain distributed parameter systems is considered, and the relationship between these results and approximate controllability discussed. Several methods for the numerical approximation of these control problems are given, one via a modal approximation to the partial differential equation, and the other a finite element approximation. The algorithms involve reformulating the problem as a non-linear program in the switching times of the optimal control.
{"title":"Bang-bang control for distributed systems and their numerical solution","authors":"G. Knowles","doi":"10.1109/CDC.1978.267926","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CDC.1978.267926","url":null,"abstract":"The bang-bang control of certain distributed parameter systems is considered, and the relationship between these results and approximate controllability discussed. Several methods for the numerical approximation of these control problems are given, one via a modal approximation to the partial differential equation, and the other a finite element approximation. The algorithms involve reformulating the problem as a non-linear program in the switching times of the optimal control.","PeriodicalId":375119,"journal":{"name":"1978 IEEE Conference on Decision and Control including the 17th Symposium on Adaptive Processes","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133009500","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Several models have been developed and iterative estimation techniques have been applied to radionuclide angiocardiographic data to measure valvular regurgitation fractions in animal experiments with controlled amounts of regurgitation. The animal model contains a known amount of regurgitation and comparison of the regurgitant fraction estimated from the mathematical models and that measured from the animal models are compared to validate the non-invasive tracer technique. Several new modifications in the two phase mathematical model of cardiac pump function are introduced and data is presented to validate the use of this technique in future patient studies. The techniqueis applicable to mitral and aortic regurgitation as well as combined valvular incompetence.
{"title":"Iterative estimation for valvular regurgitant fraction measurements by radionuclide angiocardiography","authors":"D. Twieg, L. Nardizzi, E. Stokely, J. Willerson","doi":"10.1109/CDC.1978.268131","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CDC.1978.268131","url":null,"abstract":"Several models have been developed and iterative estimation techniques have been applied to radionuclide angiocardiographic data to measure valvular regurgitation fractions in animal experiments with controlled amounts of regurgitation. The animal model contains a known amount of regurgitation and comparison of the regurgitant fraction estimated from the mathematical models and that measured from the animal models are compared to validate the non-invasive tracer technique. Several new modifications in the two phase mathematical model of cardiac pump function are introduced and data is presented to validate the use of this technique in future patient studies. The techniqueis applicable to mitral and aortic regurgitation as well as combined valvular incompetence.","PeriodicalId":375119,"journal":{"name":"1978 IEEE Conference on Decision and Control including the 17th Symposium on Adaptive Processes","volume":"44 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132981526","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
An optimal control problem for a class of distributed parameter systems with bilinear type controls applied to the coefficient matries is formulated. The necessary conditions for optimal bilinear controls from the variational technique are given. The conjugate gradient minimization algorithm is presented with a numerical example.
{"title":"Optimal control of bilinear distributed parameter systems","authors":"Kwang Y. Lee, James Clary","doi":"10.1109/CDC.1978.267995","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CDC.1978.267995","url":null,"abstract":"An optimal control problem for a class of distributed parameter systems with bilinear type controls applied to the coefficient matries is formulated. The necessary conditions for optimal bilinear controls from the variational technique are given. The conjugate gradient minimization algorithm is presented with a numerical example.","PeriodicalId":375119,"journal":{"name":"1978 IEEE Conference on Decision and Control including the 17th Symposium on Adaptive Processes","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121802597","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The design of an aircraft lateral control system, subject to several performance criteria and constraints, is considered. While in the previous studies of the same model a single criterion optimization, with other performance requirements expressed as constraints, has been pursued, the current approach involves a multiple criteria optimization. In particular, a Pareto Optimal solution is sought. To the best of the authors' knowledge, this approach has not been reported in the previous literature, while applied to the class of problems under consideration.
{"title":"A multiple objective optimization approach to aircraft control systems design","authors":"D. Tabak, A. Schy, D. Giesy, K. Johnson","doi":"10.1109/CDC.1978.267953","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CDC.1978.267953","url":null,"abstract":"The design of an aircraft lateral control system, subject to several performance criteria and constraints, is considered. While in the previous studies of the same model a single criterion optimization, with other performance requirements expressed as constraints, has been pursued, the current approach involves a multiple criteria optimization. In particular, a Pareto Optimal solution is sought. To the best of the authors' knowledge, this approach has not been reported in the previous literature, while applied to the class of problems under consideration.","PeriodicalId":375119,"journal":{"name":"1978 IEEE Conference on Decision and Control including the 17th Symposium on Adaptive Processes","volume":"119 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117338491","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Time estimation has been proposed as a measure of pilot workload and it appears that the production method provides a useful measure. The verbal estimation method has also been investigated and it appears that it does not provide as sensitive a measure of workload as does the production method. Verbal estimates are given with less precision and a series of verbal estimates tends to reflect a relative judgement of the duration of different intervals rather than an absolute judgement of the length of each interval. Overestimation may either reflect boredom during the interval, or the fact that a great deal of activity was performed during the interval that was remembered. Underestimation may either reflect a feeling that time passed quickly because interesting activities were engaged in, or that so little activity was performed or remembered, that very little time passed.
{"title":"Pilot workload during final approach in congested airspace","authors":"S. Hart","doi":"10.1109/CDC.1978.268137","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CDC.1978.268137","url":null,"abstract":"Time estimation has been proposed as a measure of pilot workload and it appears that the production method provides a useful measure. The verbal estimation method has also been investigated and it appears that it does not provide as sensitive a measure of workload as does the production method. Verbal estimates are given with less precision and a series of verbal estimates tends to reflect a relative judgement of the duration of different intervals rather than an absolute judgement of the length of each interval. Overestimation may either reflect boredom during the interval, or the fact that a great deal of activity was performed during the interval that was remembered. Underestimation may either reflect a feeling that time passed quickly because interesting activities were engaged in, or that so little activity was performed or remembered, that very little time passed.","PeriodicalId":375119,"journal":{"name":"1978 IEEE Conference on Decision and Control including the 17th Symposium on Adaptive Processes","volume":"84 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116072985","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this paper a feedforward control technique is developed which enables a plant to perfectly track a model in the presence of a disturbance. It is assumed that both the model and the disturbance have time-varying inputs which are not known in advance. The technique used here develops dynamic compensators which have as inputs only a finite number of derivatives of the model and disturbance inputs. A procedure for using this technique in conjunction with optimal control is also given. Examples of how these teckniques can be used are presented.
{"title":"Feedforward control to track the output of a forced model","authors":"M. O'Brien, J. Broussard","doi":"10.1109/CDC.1978.268115","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CDC.1978.268115","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper a feedforward control technique is developed which enables a plant to perfectly track a model in the presence of a disturbance. It is assumed that both the model and the disturbance have time-varying inputs which are not known in advance. The technique used here develops dynamic compensators which have as inputs only a finite number of derivatives of the model and disturbance inputs. A procedure for using this technique in conjunction with optimal control is also given. Examples of how these teckniques can be used are presented.","PeriodicalId":375119,"journal":{"name":"1978 IEEE Conference on Decision and Control including the 17th Symposium on Adaptive Processes","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116083940","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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