Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.4018/978-1-7998-0326-3.ch003
Pinar Cakir Hatir
This chapter aims to provide an overview of recent studies in the field of biomedical nanotechnology, which is described as the combination of biology and nanotechnology. The field includes innovations such as the improvement of biological processes at the nanoscale, the development of specific biomaterials, and the design of accurate measurement devices. Biomedical nanotechnology also serves areas like the development of intelligent drug delivery systems and controlled release systems, tissue engineering, nanorobotics (nanomachines), lab-on-a-chip, point of care, and nanobiosensor development. This chapter will mainly cover the biomedical applications of nanotechnology under the following titles: the importance of nanotechnology, the history of nanotechnology, classification of nanostructures, inorganic, polymer and composite nanostructures, fabrication of nanomaterials, applications of nanostructures, the designs of intelligent drug delivery systems and controlled release systems, bioimaging, bioseparation, nano-biomolecules, lab-on-a-chip, point of care, nanobiosensor development, tissue engineering and the future of biomedical nanotechnology.
{"title":"Biomedical Nanotechnology","authors":"Pinar Cakir Hatir","doi":"10.4018/978-1-7998-0326-3.ch003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-0326-3.ch003","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter aims to provide an overview of recent studies in the field of biomedical nanotechnology, which is described as the combination of biology and nanotechnology. The field includes innovations such as the improvement of biological processes at the nanoscale, the development of specific biomaterials, and the design of accurate measurement devices. Biomedical nanotechnology also serves areas like the development of intelligent drug delivery systems and controlled release systems, tissue engineering, nanorobotics (nanomachines), lab-on-a-chip, point of care, and nanobiosensor development. This chapter will mainly cover the biomedical applications of nanotechnology under the following titles: the importance of nanotechnology, the history of nanotechnology, classification of nanostructures, inorganic, polymer and composite nanostructures, fabrication of nanomaterials, applications of nanostructures, the designs of intelligent drug delivery systems and controlled release systems, bioimaging, bioseparation, nano-biomolecules, lab-on-a-chip, point of care, nanobiosensor development, tissue engineering and the future of biomedical nanotechnology.","PeriodicalId":375268,"journal":{"name":"Research Anthology on Emerging Technologies and Ethical Implications in Human Enhancement","volume":"54 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130520627","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.4018/978-1-7998-8050-9.ch009
I. Veneva, D. Chakarov, M. Tsveov, D. Trifonov, E. Zlatanov, Pavel Venev
Active orthosis (exoskeleton) is an assistive device with a wearable structure, corresponding to the natural motions of the human. This chapter focuses on developing an active/assistive orthosis system (AOS) enhancing movement. The AOS design is inspired by the biological musculoskeletal system of human upper and lower limbs and mimics the muscle-tendon-ligament structure. The exoskeleton structure includes left and right upper limb, left and right lower limb, and central exoskeleton structure for human torso and waist and provides support, balance, and control of different segments of the body. The device was fabricated with light materials and powered by pneumatic artificial muscles that provide more than fifteen degrees of freedom for the different joints. The active orthotic systems (AOS) can operate in three modes: motion tracking system with data exchange with virtual reality; haptic and rehabilitation device; and assistive mode with active orthosis in cases of impaired muscles.
{"title":"Active Assistive Orthotic System","authors":"I. Veneva, D. Chakarov, M. Tsveov, D. Trifonov, E. Zlatanov, Pavel Venev","doi":"10.4018/978-1-7998-8050-9.ch009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-8050-9.ch009","url":null,"abstract":"Active orthosis (exoskeleton) is an assistive device with a wearable structure, corresponding to the natural motions of the human. This chapter focuses on developing an active/assistive orthosis system (AOS) enhancing movement. The AOS design is inspired by the biological musculoskeletal system of human upper and lower limbs and mimics the muscle-tendon-ligament structure. The exoskeleton structure includes left and right upper limb, left and right lower limb, and central exoskeleton structure for human torso and waist and provides support, balance, and control of different segments of the body. The device was fabricated with light materials and powered by pneumatic artificial muscles that provide more than fifteen degrees of freedom for the different joints. The active orthotic systems (AOS) can operate in three modes: motion tracking system with data exchange with virtual reality; haptic and rehabilitation device; and assistive mode with active orthosis in cases of impaired muscles.","PeriodicalId":375268,"journal":{"name":"Research Anthology on Emerging Technologies and Ethical Implications in Human Enhancement","volume":"76 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121097616","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.4018/978-1-5225-8431-5.CH005
M. E. Mutlu
Exocortex is a hypothetical technology where the human brain can connect to a brain implant or a computational environment which is in the state of a wearable device, using two-way brain-computer interface, in order to augment the cognitive powers of the human brain such as perception, storage, recollection and processing. Exocortex is expected to be a part of everyday life in the 2030s. Exocortex technology is supported by parallel technologies such as brain reading, uploading knowledge into the brain from the outside, brain-computer interface, brain-to-brain interface, which are now undergoing prototype applications. In this study, by discussing the potential of exocortex technology in its use for learning processes, as a result of handling it with the “learning experiences management” approach, the opportunities it provides specifically for lifelong learners are examined. In the results and recommendations section of the study, a foresight is given for the scientific research projects that can be performed for this purpose.
{"title":"Exocortex as a Learning Technology","authors":"M. E. Mutlu","doi":"10.4018/978-1-5225-8431-5.CH005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-8431-5.CH005","url":null,"abstract":"Exocortex is a hypothetical technology where the human brain can connect to a brain implant or a computational environment which is in the state of a wearable device, using two-way brain-computer interface, in order to augment the cognitive powers of the human brain such as perception, storage, recollection and processing. Exocortex is expected to be a part of everyday life in the 2030s. Exocortex technology is supported by parallel technologies such as brain reading, uploading knowledge into the brain from the outside, brain-computer interface, brain-to-brain interface, which are now undergoing prototype applications. In this study, by discussing the potential of exocortex technology in its use for learning processes, as a result of handling it with the “learning experiences management” approach, the opportunities it provides specifically for lifelong learners are examined. In the results and recommendations section of the study, a foresight is given for the scientific research projects that can be performed for this purpose.","PeriodicalId":375268,"journal":{"name":"Research Anthology on Emerging Technologies and Ethical Implications in Human Enhancement","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134132850","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.4018/978-1-7998-1382-8.ch002
S. Jatsun, A. Yatsun
The chapter approaches the issues of modeling the process of load lifting by a person while wearing an exoskeleton. The classification of existing gravitational compensation systems for industrial exoskeletons is shown, as well as examples of its use. A mathematical model of lifting a person's load in the exoskeleton is presented, as well as numerical parameters are calculated. It is shown that the introduction of an elastic element reduces the level of energy consumption during work, and can also facilitate the level of the worker. Industrial exoskeleton prototype design is presented. A particular focus is given to studying the influence of the gravity compensator on the magnitude of the moments generated by the electric drives of the hip and knee joints. It is shown that the use of gravity compensators enables to reduce significantly the load on electric drives.
{"title":"Industrial Exoskeletons With Gravity Compensation Elements","authors":"S. Jatsun, A. Yatsun","doi":"10.4018/978-1-7998-1382-8.ch002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-1382-8.ch002","url":null,"abstract":"The chapter approaches the issues of modeling the process of load lifting by a person while wearing an exoskeleton. The classification of existing gravitational compensation systems for industrial exoskeletons is shown, as well as examples of its use. A mathematical model of lifting a person's load in the exoskeleton is presented, as well as numerical parameters are calculated. It is shown that the introduction of an elastic element reduces the level of energy consumption during work, and can also facilitate the level of the worker. Industrial exoskeleton prototype design is presented. A particular focus is given to studying the influence of the gravity compensator on the magnitude of the moments generated by the electric drives of the hip and knee joints. It is shown that the use of gravity compensators enables to reduce significantly the load on electric drives.","PeriodicalId":375268,"journal":{"name":"Research Anthology on Emerging Technologies and Ethical Implications in Human Enhancement","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128265472","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.4018/978-1-5225-2993-4.CH002
S. Jatsun, A. Yatsun, S. Savin
In this chapter, the lower limb exoskeleton is studied. The roles of the exoskeleton both as a measurement device for studying human locomotion and as an assistive device that restores the human ability to walk are discussed. Particular attention is given to the investigation of the role of the pressure sensors and other devices that allow us to measure normal reactions at the contact points with the supporting surface and also detect these contacts. The way the geometry of the supporting surface affects the sensors system of the robot is considered, and new designs for feet sensor system are proposed. These include elastic foot, a foot with actuated sensors, and a foot with spring-damper systems.
{"title":"Investigation of Human Locomotion With a Powered Lower Limb Exoskeleton","authors":"S. Jatsun, A. Yatsun, S. Savin","doi":"10.4018/978-1-5225-2993-4.CH002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-2993-4.CH002","url":null,"abstract":"In this chapter, the lower limb exoskeleton is studied. The roles of the exoskeleton both as a measurement device for studying human locomotion and as an assistive device that restores the human ability to walk are discussed. Particular attention is given to the investigation of the role of the pressure sensors and other devices that allow us to measure normal reactions at the contact points with the supporting surface and also detect these contacts. The way the geometry of the supporting surface affects the sensors system of the robot is considered, and new designs for feet sensor system are proposed. These include elastic foot, a foot with actuated sensors, and a foot with spring-damper systems.","PeriodicalId":375268,"journal":{"name":"Research Anthology on Emerging Technologies and Ethical Implications in Human Enhancement","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133718275","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.4018/978-1-5225-6243-6.CH007
T. Bobby, V. Shwetha, Vijaya Madhavi
The stability of a dental implant is one of the most important aspects that decide the success rate of implant treatment. The stability is considerably affected by the strength of trabecular bone present in maxilla and mandible. Thus, finding of trabecular bone strength is a key component for the success of dental implants. The trabecular bone strength is usually assessed by quantity of bone in terms of bone mineral density (BMD). Recently, it has been revealed that along with quantity of bone, strength of the bone also depends on quality features commonly referred as trabecular bone microarchitecture. Since the quality of the trabecular bone is varying across the maxilla and mandible, preoperative assessment of trabecular bone microarchitecture at sub-region of maxilla and mandible are essential for stable implant treatment. Thus, in this chapter, the authors inscribe the quantitative analysis of trabecular bone quality in maxilla and mandible using CBCT images by employing contourlet transform.
{"title":"Dental Cone Beam Computed Tomography for Trabecular Bone Quality Analysis in Maxilla and Mandible","authors":"T. Bobby, V. Shwetha, Vijaya Madhavi","doi":"10.4018/978-1-5225-6243-6.CH007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-6243-6.CH007","url":null,"abstract":"The stability of a dental implant is one of the most important aspects that decide the success rate of implant treatment. The stability is considerably affected by the strength of trabecular bone present in maxilla and mandible. Thus, finding of trabecular bone strength is a key component for the success of dental implants. The trabecular bone strength is usually assessed by quantity of bone in terms of bone mineral density (BMD). Recently, it has been revealed that along with quantity of bone, strength of the bone also depends on quality features commonly referred as trabecular bone microarchitecture. Since the quality of the trabecular bone is varying across the maxilla and mandible, preoperative assessment of trabecular bone microarchitecture at sub-region of maxilla and mandible are essential for stable implant treatment. Thus, in this chapter, the authors inscribe the quantitative analysis of trabecular bone quality in maxilla and mandible using CBCT images by employing contourlet transform.","PeriodicalId":375268,"journal":{"name":"Research Anthology on Emerging Technologies and Ethical Implications in Human Enhancement","volume":"90 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133726635","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.4018/978-1-5225-7838-3.CH006
Rajiv Borah, Ashok Kumar
This chapter includes detailed review of the research undertaken with conducting polymer (CP) based composites with chitosan (Ch) for tissue engineering till date. The beneficial role of electrically conductive biomaterials has been discussed with the possible strategies to overcome the shortcomings of CP alone through blending with Ch due to its excellent biocompatibility, biodegradability, and bioactivity. Additionally, this embodiment deals with the optimization and characterization of electrically conductive, biocompatible and biodegradable Polyaniline: Chitosan (PAni:Ch) nanocomposites as cell culture substrates for MDA-MB-231 and NIH 3T3 fibroblast in order to examine the combined effect of nanofiber structure and surface modification on cell-biomaterial interactions. The nanocomposites were further checked as a conductive scaffold for electrical stimulation of a neuronal model PC12 cell line in order to explore the potential of the materials in neural tissue engineering.
{"title":"Enhanced Cellular Activity on Conducting Polymer","authors":"Rajiv Borah, Ashok Kumar","doi":"10.4018/978-1-5225-7838-3.CH006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-7838-3.CH006","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter includes detailed review of the research undertaken with conducting polymer (CP) based composites with chitosan (Ch) for tissue engineering till date. The beneficial role of electrically conductive biomaterials has been discussed with the possible strategies to overcome the shortcomings of CP alone through blending with Ch due to its excellent biocompatibility, biodegradability, and bioactivity. Additionally, this embodiment deals with the optimization and characterization of electrically conductive, biocompatible and biodegradable Polyaniline: Chitosan (PAni:Ch) nanocomposites as cell culture substrates for MDA-MB-231 and NIH 3T3 fibroblast in order to examine the combined effect of nanofiber structure and surface modification on cell-biomaterial interactions. The nanocomposites were further checked as a conductive scaffold for electrical stimulation of a neuronal model PC12 cell line in order to explore the potential of the materials in neural tissue engineering.","PeriodicalId":375268,"journal":{"name":"Research Anthology on Emerging Technologies and Ethical Implications in Human Enhancement","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133322859","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.4018/978-1-5225-7152-0.CH004
Ana Cuevas-Badallo, Daniel Labrador-Montero
The aim of this chapter is to show some of the assumptions that lie behind transhumanism. The concept of enhancement is analyzed. While, from transhumanism, human welfare depends on the enhancement of human capabilities, here it shall be argued that to begin with, a social debate over what is considered welfare is needed before we can establish what we wish to improve (enhance). This reflection must emphasize the necessity to reflect, ex ante, on what kind of technological development we want, viewing technology as a means to attain the agreed-upon type of welfare, rather than a goal in itself. On the basis of a socially open debate with an anticipatory perspective, society as a whole can establish which risks it is willing to take.
{"title":"Technological Revolution, Transhumanism, and Social Deliberation","authors":"Ana Cuevas-Badallo, Daniel Labrador-Montero","doi":"10.4018/978-1-5225-7152-0.CH004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-7152-0.CH004","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this chapter is to show some of the assumptions that lie behind transhumanism. The concept of enhancement is analyzed. While, from transhumanism, human welfare depends on the enhancement of human capabilities, here it shall be argued that to begin with, a social debate over what is considered welfare is needed before we can establish what we wish to improve (enhance). This reflection must emphasize the necessity to reflect, ex ante, on what kind of technological development we want, viewing technology as a means to attain the agreed-upon type of welfare, rather than a goal in itself. On the basis of a socially open debate with an anticipatory perspective, society as a whole can establish which risks it is willing to take.","PeriodicalId":375268,"journal":{"name":"Research Anthology on Emerging Technologies and Ethical Implications in Human Enhancement","volume":"104 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115829343","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.4018/978-1-7998-8050-9.ch020
Kevin Warwick
In this chapter, the author describes his personal experience in experimenting as a cyborg (part biology/part technology) by having technology implanted in his body, which he lived with over a period. A look is also taken at the author's experiments into creating cyborgs by growing biological brains which are subsequently given a robot body. The experiments are dealt with in separate sections. In each case the nature of the experiment is briefly described along with the results obtained and this is followed by an indication of the experience, including personal feelings and emotions felt in and around the time of the experiments and subsequently as a result of the experiments. Although the subject can be treated scientifically from an external perspective, it is really through individual, personal experience that a true reflection can be gained on what might be possible in the future.
{"title":"What Is It Like to Be a Cyborg?","authors":"Kevin Warwick","doi":"10.4018/978-1-7998-8050-9.ch020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-8050-9.ch020","url":null,"abstract":"In this chapter, the author describes his personal experience in experimenting as a cyborg (part biology/part technology) by having technology implanted in his body, which he lived with over a period. A look is also taken at the author's experiments into creating cyborgs by growing biological brains which are subsequently given a robot body. The experiments are dealt with in separate sections. In each case the nature of the experiment is briefly described along with the results obtained and this is followed by an indication of the experience, including personal feelings and emotions felt in and around the time of the experiments and subsequently as a result of the experiments. Although the subject can be treated scientifically from an external perspective, it is really through individual, personal experience that a true reflection can be gained on what might be possible in the future.","PeriodicalId":375268,"journal":{"name":"Research Anthology on Emerging Technologies and Ethical Implications in Human Enhancement","volume":"140 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122850676","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.4018/978-1-5225-8431-5.CH003
Zoltan Istvan
Radical science and technology are changing everything around us. The area of transhumanism is growing dramatically in size and impact - and the impact on our species is enormous. In just a decade, many things can change how we live our lives. The upcoming innovation will be amazing. Transhumanists believe that we must protect ourselves from our natural genes, unless they bind us to remain forever as animals. We believe that our outdated instincts can easily tempt us to know right from wrong, practical from impractical. If you look closely, the human body and its biology constantly highlights our many imperfections. Transhumanism seeks to improve the human body through science and technology - that is, to help people develop. This is a strange cultural and philosophical position for a movement. And yet, change is exactly what transhumanism aspires to.
{"title":"According to Zoltan Istvan","authors":"Zoltan Istvan","doi":"10.4018/978-1-5225-8431-5.CH003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-8431-5.CH003","url":null,"abstract":"Radical science and technology are changing everything around us. The area of transhumanism is growing dramatically in size and impact - and the impact on our species is enormous. In just a decade, many things can change how we live our lives. The upcoming innovation will be amazing. Transhumanists believe that we must protect ourselves from our natural genes, unless they bind us to remain forever as animals. We believe that our outdated instincts can easily tempt us to know right from wrong, practical from impractical. If you look closely, the human body and its biology constantly highlights our many imperfections. Transhumanism seeks to improve the human body through science and technology - that is, to help people develop. This is a strange cultural and philosophical position for a movement. And yet, change is exactly what transhumanism aspires to.","PeriodicalId":375268,"journal":{"name":"Research Anthology on Emerging Technologies and Ethical Implications in Human Enhancement","volume":"94 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127988569","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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