Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.4018/978-1-7998-8050-9.ch015
V. Klinger
Simulation and modelling are powerful methods in computer aided therapy, rehabilitation monitoring, identification and control. The smart modular biosignal acquisition and identification system (SMoBAICS) provides methods and techniques to acquire electromyogram (EMG)- and electroneurogram (ENG)-based data for the evaluation and identification of biosignals. In this paper the author focuses on the development, integration and verification of platform technologies which support this entire data processing. Simulation and verification approaches are integrated to evaluate causal relationships between physiological and bioinformatical processes. Based on this we are stepping up of efforts to develop substitute methods and computer-aided simulation models with the objective of reducing animal testing. This work continues the former work about system identification and biosignal acquisition and verification systems presented in (Bohlmann et al., 2010), (Klinger and Klauke, 2013), (Klinger, 2014). This paper focuses on the next generation of an embedded data acquisition and identification system and its flexible platform architecture. Different application scenarios are shown to illustrate the system in different application fields. The author presents results of the enhanced closed-loop verification approach and of the signal quality using the Cuff-electrode-based ENG-data acquisition system.
仿真和建模是计算机辅助治疗、康复监测、识别和控制的有力方法。智能模块化生物信号采集和识别系统(SMoBAICS)提供了获取基于肌电图(EMG)和神经电图(ENG)的数据的方法和技术，用于评估和识别生物信号。在本文中，作者重点研究了支持整个数据处理的平台技术的开发、集成和验证。模拟和验证方法被整合到评估生理和生物信息过程之间的因果关系。基于此，我们正在加紧努力开发替代方法和计算机辅助模拟模型，以减少动物试验。这项工作延续了(Bohlmann et al.， 2010)、(Klinger and Klauke, 2013)、(Klinger, 2014)中提出的关于系统识别和生物信号采集与验证系统的先前工作。本文重点研究了下一代嵌入式数据采集与识别系统及其灵活的平台架构。通过不同的应用场景来说明系统在不同的应用领域。作者介绍了增强闭环验证方法的结果，以及使用基于袖夫电极的eng数据采集系统的信号质量。
{"title":"SMoBAICS","authors":"V. Klinger","doi":"10.4018/978-1-7998-8050-9.ch015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-8050-9.ch015","url":null,"abstract":"Simulation and modelling are powerful methods in computer aided therapy, rehabilitation monitoring, identification and control. The smart modular biosignal acquisition and identification system (SMoBAICS) provides methods and techniques to acquire electromyogram (EMG)- and electroneurogram (ENG)-based data for the evaluation and identification of biosignals. In this paper the author focuses on the development, integration and verification of platform technologies which support this entire data processing. Simulation and verification approaches are integrated to evaluate causal relationships between physiological and bioinformatical processes. Based on this we are stepping up of efforts to develop substitute methods and computer-aided simulation models with the objective of reducing animal testing. This work continues the former work about system identification and biosignal acquisition and verification systems presented in (Bohlmann et al., 2010), (Klinger and Klauke, 2013), (Klinger, 2014). This paper focuses on the next generation of an embedded data acquisition and identification system and its flexible platform architecture. Different application scenarios are shown to illustrate the system in different application fields. The author presents results of the enhanced closed-loop verification approach and of the signal quality using the Cuff-electrode-based ENG-data acquisition system.","PeriodicalId":375268,"journal":{"name":"Research Anthology on Emerging Technologies and Ethical Implications in Human Enhancement","volume":"54 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131402044","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.4018/978-1-5225-8431-5.CH007
Faruk Karaman
Transhumanism seems to be inevitable. There seems to be no way to stop the developments leading humanity to transhumanism. As Heidegger puts, technological determinism rules, rather than social determinism. In other words, the technology controls the society, not the other way around. Therefore, in a short time period, people will be forced to face the challenges of transhumanism. It is therefore the right time to prepare for those challenges before they became mainstream. Tomorrow, it will be too late. Academicians, educators, politicians, philosophers, intellectuals, psychologists … etc. all should concentrate on the issue. This chapter will try to answer such questions and many others. A philosophical approach is used. After all, ethics is a branch of philosophy. Since, this is a futuristic topic, it is hard to find first-hand data and conduct survey analysis etc. Therefore, this is a theoretical chapter.
{"title":"Ethical Issues in Transhumanism","authors":"Faruk Karaman","doi":"10.4018/978-1-5225-8431-5.CH007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-8431-5.CH007","url":null,"abstract":"Transhumanism seems to be inevitable. There seems to be no way to stop the developments leading humanity to transhumanism. As Heidegger puts, technological determinism rules, rather than social determinism. In other words, the technology controls the society, not the other way around. Therefore, in a short time period, people will be forced to face the challenges of transhumanism. It is therefore the right time to prepare for those challenges before they became mainstream. Tomorrow, it will be too late. Academicians, educators, politicians, philosophers, intellectuals, psychologists … etc. all should concentrate on the issue. This chapter will try to answer such questions and many others. A philosophical approach is used. After all, ethics is a branch of philosophy. Since, this is a futuristic topic, it is hard to find first-hand data and conduct survey analysis etc. Therefore, this is a theoretical chapter.","PeriodicalId":375268,"journal":{"name":"Research Anthology on Emerging Technologies and Ethical Implications in Human Enhancement","volume":"67 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134556455","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.4018/978-1-5225-8235-9.CH002
Dheeman Bhuyan, Kaushik Kumar
Prosthetics and orthotics are items taken for granted in today's day and age. However, this has not always been the case. The history of these everyday items is long and very colorful. In this chapter, the authors shed light on the history and development of prosthetics and orthotics of the lower body in order to better understand the current state of the art in the fields. A historical perspective is provided followed by enumeration of the types of devices and techniques available without going into the form and function of individual products.
{"title":"A Brief History of Prosthetics and Orthotics of the Lower Body and Their Types","authors":"Dheeman Bhuyan, Kaushik Kumar","doi":"10.4018/978-1-5225-8235-9.CH002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-8235-9.CH002","url":null,"abstract":"Prosthetics and orthotics are items taken for granted in today's day and age. However, this has not always been the case. The history of these everyday items is long and very colorful. In this chapter, the authors shed light on the history and development of prosthetics and orthotics of the lower body in order to better understand the current state of the art in the fields. A historical perspective is provided followed by enumeration of the types of devices and techniques available without going into the form and function of individual products.","PeriodicalId":375268,"journal":{"name":"Research Anthology on Emerging Technologies and Ethical Implications in Human Enhancement","volume":"64 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129543096","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.4018/978-1-5225-2993-4.CH013
J. M. Rosário, L. F. Melo, D. Dumur, M. Makarov, Jessica Fernanda Pereira Zamaia, G. F. C. Campos
This chapter presents the development of a lower limb orthosis based on the continuous dynamic behavior and on the events presented on the human locomotion, when the legs alternate between different functions. A computational model was developed to approach the different functioning models related to the bipedal anthropomorphic gait. Lagrange modeling was used for events modeling the non-holonomic dynamics of the system. This chapter combines the comparison of the use of the predictive control based on dynamical study and the decoupling of the dynamical model, with auxiliary parallelograms, for locating the center of mass of the mechanism using springs in order to achieve the balancing of each leg. Virtual model was implemented and its kinematic and dynamic motion analyzed through simulation of an exoskeleton, aimed at lower limbs, for training and rehabilitation of the human gait, in which the dynamic model of anthropomorphic mechanism and predictive control architecture with robust control is already developed.
{"title":"Modeling a Predictive Control of Human Locomotion Based on the Dynamic Behavior","authors":"J. M. Rosário, L. F. Melo, D. Dumur, M. Makarov, Jessica Fernanda Pereira Zamaia, G. F. C. Campos","doi":"10.4018/978-1-5225-2993-4.CH013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-2993-4.CH013","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter presents the development of a lower limb orthosis based on the continuous dynamic behavior and on the events presented on the human locomotion, when the legs alternate between different functions. A computational model was developed to approach the different functioning models related to the bipedal anthropomorphic gait. Lagrange modeling was used for events modeling the non-holonomic dynamics of the system. This chapter combines the comparison of the use of the predictive control based on dynamical study and the decoupling of the dynamical model, with auxiliary parallelograms, for locating the center of mass of the mechanism using springs in order to achieve the balancing of each leg. Virtual model was implemented and its kinematic and dynamic motion analyzed through simulation of an exoskeleton, aimed at lower limbs, for training and rehabilitation of the human gait, in which the dynamic model of anthropomorphic mechanism and predictive control architecture with robust control is already developed.","PeriodicalId":375268,"journal":{"name":"Research Anthology on Emerging Technologies and Ethical Implications in Human Enhancement","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125186431","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.4018/978-1-5225-7152-0.CH005
Jesús Parra-Sáez
Human perfection has been one of the main objectives of the human species since the appearance of Homo sapiens, but contemporary biomedical technologies represent a promise to achieve it in the near future. In view of the new possibilities offered by new technologies, a scientific-philosophical theoretical debate has emerged between those who are in favor of its use on humanity for non-therapeutic purposes (posthumanists) and those who reject it (bioconservatives). In this chapter, the so-called “enhancement technologies,” the problems derived from their use with the aim of radically altering human abilities, and some of the most recent practical cases that have transcended the theoretical debate about their legitimacy are analyzed.
{"title":"Human Perfection and Contemporary Enhancement Technologies","authors":"Jesús Parra-Sáez","doi":"10.4018/978-1-5225-7152-0.CH005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-7152-0.CH005","url":null,"abstract":"Human perfection has been one of the main objectives of the human species since the appearance of Homo sapiens, but contemporary biomedical technologies represent a promise to achieve it in the near future. In view of the new possibilities offered by new technologies, a scientific-philosophical theoretical debate has emerged between those who are in favor of its use on humanity for non-therapeutic purposes (posthumanists) and those who reject it (bioconservatives). In this chapter, the so-called “enhancement technologies,” the problems derived from their use with the aim of radically altering human abilities, and some of the most recent practical cases that have transcended the theoretical debate about their legitimacy are analyzed.","PeriodicalId":375268,"journal":{"name":"Research Anthology on Emerging Technologies and Ethical Implications in Human Enhancement","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127343873","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.4018/978-1-5225-9167-2.CH002
R. Barua, S. Datta, A. Roychowdhury, P. Datta
Three-dimensional or 3D printing technology is a growing interest in medical fields like tissue engineering, dental, drug delivery, prosthetics, and implants. It is also known as the additive manufacturing (AM) process because the objects are done by extruding or depositing the material layer by layer, and the material may be like biomaterials, plastics, living cells, or powder ceramics. Specially in the medical field, this new technology has importance rewards in contrast with conventional technologies, such as the capability to fabricate patient-explicit difficult components, desire scaffolds for tissue engineering, and proper material consumption. In this chapter, different types of additive manufacturing (AM) techniques are described that are applied in the medical field, especially in community health and precision medicine.
{"title":"Importance of 3D Printing Technology in Medical Fields","authors":"R. Barua, S. Datta, A. Roychowdhury, P. Datta","doi":"10.4018/978-1-5225-9167-2.CH002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-9167-2.CH002","url":null,"abstract":"Three-dimensional or 3D printing technology is a growing interest in medical fields like tissue engineering, dental, drug delivery, prosthetics, and implants. It is also known as the additive manufacturing (AM) process because the objects are done by extruding or depositing the material layer by layer, and the material may be like biomaterials, plastics, living cells, or powder ceramics. Specially in the medical field, this new technology has importance rewards in contrast with conventional technologies, such as the capability to fabricate patient-explicit difficult components, desire scaffolds for tissue engineering, and proper material consumption. In this chapter, different types of additive manufacturing (AM) techniques are described that are applied in the medical field, especially in community health and precision medicine.","PeriodicalId":375268,"journal":{"name":"Research Anthology on Emerging Technologies and Ethical Implications in Human Enhancement","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129548241","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.4018/978-1-5225-8235-9.CH003
D. Zindani
Different biomaterials in the form of ceramics, metal alloys, composites, glasses, polymers, etc. have gained wide-range acceptance in the realm of medical sciences. Bioimplants from such biomaterials have been constructed and used widely for different clinical applications. With the continual progress, biomaterials that may be resorbed inside the body have been developed. These have done away with the major challenge of removal of an implant after it has served its intended function. Important factors are taken into consideration in design and development of implants from such biomaterials are mechanical properties, degradation rate, surface modification, rate of corrosion, biocompatibility, and non-toxicity. Given the importance of such materials in clinical applications, the chapter presents an overview of the bioresorable composites and their implants. The related properties and the functions served have been outlined briefly. Further, the challenges associated and the remedies to overcome them have also been delineated.
{"title":"Bioresorbable Composites and Implant","authors":"D. Zindani","doi":"10.4018/978-1-5225-8235-9.CH003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-8235-9.CH003","url":null,"abstract":"Different biomaterials in the form of ceramics, metal alloys, composites, glasses, polymers, etc. have gained wide-range acceptance in the realm of medical sciences. Bioimplants from such biomaterials have been constructed and used widely for different clinical applications. With the continual progress, biomaterials that may be resorbed inside the body have been developed. These have done away with the major challenge of removal of an implant after it has served its intended function. Important factors are taken into consideration in design and development of implants from such biomaterials are mechanical properties, degradation rate, surface modification, rate of corrosion, biocompatibility, and non-toxicity. Given the importance of such materials in clinical applications, the chapter presents an overview of the bioresorable composites and their implants. The related properties and the functions served have been outlined briefly. Further, the challenges associated and the remedies to overcome them have also been delineated.","PeriodicalId":375268,"journal":{"name":"Research Anthology on Emerging Technologies and Ethical Implications in Human Enhancement","volume":"93 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117342795","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.4018/978-1-5225-9818-3.ch006
T. Mushiri, P. Mombeyarara, T. Marisa
The use of a wheelchair for normal routines or rehabilitation has various physiological and psychological implications. The use of contact assistive robots in developing countries is limited mainly due to their expensive nature. The benefits of exoskeleton use include health improvement, increased self-dependency, and self-sustenance. The chapter offers a solution through the design of a cheap contact assistive robot for the disabled. The design procedure includes the integration of acquired knowledge on gait training and existing exoskeletons acquired from intense research, visits to rehabilitation centers, and use of computer-aided software for design and simulations. A fully functioning scaled prototype was made that demonstrated the operating principle of the actual design. The design provides a successful baseline for further development of exoskeletons suitable and cheaper for developing countries with an initial estimated total material cost of USD$9000.
{"title":"Design of a Contact Assistive Robot for the Disabled, Elderly, and Infirm People","authors":"T. Mushiri, P. Mombeyarara, T. Marisa","doi":"10.4018/978-1-5225-9818-3.ch006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-9818-3.ch006","url":null,"abstract":"The use of a wheelchair for normal routines or rehabilitation has various physiological and psychological implications. The use of contact assistive robots in developing countries is limited mainly due to their expensive nature. The benefits of exoskeleton use include health improvement, increased self-dependency, and self-sustenance. The chapter offers a solution through the design of a cheap contact assistive robot for the disabled. The design procedure includes the integration of acquired knowledge on gait training and existing exoskeletons acquired from intense research, visits to rehabilitation centers, and use of computer-aided software for design and simulations. A fully functioning scaled prototype was made that demonstrated the operating principle of the actual design. The design provides a successful baseline for further development of exoskeletons suitable and cheaper for developing countries with an initial estimated total material cost of USD$9000.","PeriodicalId":375268,"journal":{"name":"Research Anthology on Emerging Technologies and Ethical Implications in Human Enhancement","volume":"54 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134261057","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.4018/978-1-5225-5445-5.CH001
Manjeet Kumar, R. Kumar, Sandeep Kumar, C. Prakash
The demand for the orthopedic and dental implants has increased sharply in last decade due to physical traumas and age-related deficiencies. The material used for orthopedic and dental implants should be biocompatible to ensure the adaptability of the implant in the human body. The mechanical stability of implants is dependent on mechanical properties and surface characteristics essential to ensure corrosion and wear resistance. The requirement of mechanical properties also differs substantially from load-bearing to non-load-bearing implants. There are many problems arising due to lack of sufficient biocompatibility, like infection, poor osseointegration, and excessive foreign body response. Fatigue failure, stress shielding, and bone resorption are some major problems associated with lack of mechanical stability. Numerous conventional materials, coatings, and nanomaterials have been used to enhance the implant stability.
{"title":"Biomechanical Properties of Orthopedic and Dental Implants","authors":"Manjeet Kumar, R. Kumar, Sandeep Kumar, C. Prakash","doi":"10.4018/978-1-5225-5445-5.CH001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-5445-5.CH001","url":null,"abstract":"The demand for the orthopedic and dental implants has increased sharply in last decade due to physical traumas and age-related deficiencies. The material used for orthopedic and dental implants should be biocompatible to ensure the adaptability of the implant in the human body. The mechanical stability of implants is dependent on mechanical properties and surface characteristics essential to ensure corrosion and wear resistance. The requirement of mechanical properties also differs substantially from load-bearing to non-load-bearing implants. There are many problems arising due to lack of sufficient biocompatibility, like infection, poor osseointegration, and excessive foreign body response. Fatigue failure, stress shielding, and bone resorption are some major problems associated with lack of mechanical stability. Numerous conventional materials, coatings, and nanomaterials have been used to enhance the implant stability.","PeriodicalId":375268,"journal":{"name":"Research Anthology on Emerging Technologies and Ethical Implications in Human Enhancement","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131439066","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.4018/978-1-5225-5870-5.CH009
N. S. Artan, R. Amineh
Implantable medical devices such as pacemakers, implantable cardioverter defibrillators, deep brain stimulators, retinal and cochlear implants are gaining significant attraction and growth due to their capability to monitor the health condition in real time, diagnose a particular disease, or provide treatment for a particular disease. In order to charge these devices, wireless power transfer technology is considered as a powerful means. This eliminates the need for extra surgery to replace the battery. In this chapter, some of the major implanted medical devices are reviewed. Then, various wireless power transfer configurations are reviewed briefly for charging such devices. The chapter continues with reviewing wireless power transfer configurations based on the multi-layer printed or non-printed planar spiral coils. At the end, some of the recent works related to using multi-layer planar spiral coils for safe and efficient powering of IMDs will be discussed.
{"title":"Wireless Power Transfer to Implantable Medical Devices With Multi-Layer Planar Spiral Coils","authors":"N. S. Artan, R. Amineh","doi":"10.4018/978-1-5225-5870-5.CH009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-5870-5.CH009","url":null,"abstract":"Implantable medical devices such as pacemakers, implantable cardioverter defibrillators, deep brain stimulators, retinal and cochlear implants are gaining significant attraction and growth due to their capability to monitor the health condition in real time, diagnose a particular disease, or provide treatment for a particular disease. In order to charge these devices, wireless power transfer technology is considered as a powerful means. This eliminates the need for extra surgery to replace the battery. In this chapter, some of the major implanted medical devices are reviewed. Then, various wireless power transfer configurations are reviewed briefly for charging such devices. The chapter continues with reviewing wireless power transfer configurations based on the multi-layer printed or non-printed planar spiral coils. At the end, some of the recent works related to using multi-layer planar spiral coils for safe and efficient powering of IMDs will be discussed.","PeriodicalId":375268,"journal":{"name":"Research Anthology on Emerging Technologies and Ethical Implications in Human Enhancement","volume":"104 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122200170","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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