David Tannenbaum, Alain Cohn, C. Zünd, Michel André Maréchal
We assess the predictive power of survey measures of social capital with a new behavioral data set that examines whether citizens report a lost wallet to its owner. Using data from more than 17,000 “lost” wallets across 40 countries, we find that survey measures of social capital—especially questions concerning generalized trust or generalized morality — are strongly and significantly correlated with country-level differences in wallet reporting rates. A second finding is that lost wallet reporting rates predict unique variation in the outputs of social capital, such as economic development and government effectiveness, not captured by existing measures.
{"title":"What Do Cross-country Surveys Tell Us About Social Capital?","authors":"David Tannenbaum, Alain Cohn, C. Zünd, Michel André Maréchal","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3639328","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3639328","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 We assess the predictive power of survey measures of social capital with a new behavioral data set that examines whether citizens report a lost wallet to its owner. Using data from more than 17,000 “lost” wallets across 40 countries, we find that survey measures of social capital—especially questions concerning generalized trust or generalized morality — are strongly and significantly correlated with country-level differences in wallet reporting rates. A second finding is that lost wallet reporting rates predict unique variation in the outputs of social capital, such as economic development and government effectiveness, not captured by existing measures.","PeriodicalId":375403,"journal":{"name":"SRPN: Consumer Ethics Issues (Topic)","volume":"249 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116717908","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tourism businesses engage in strategic corporate social responsibility (CSR) when they integrate responsible behaviors in their operational practices (Camilleri, 2015, 2019a; Carroll & Shabana, 2010; Porter & Kramer, 2006, 2011; Van Marrewijk, 2003; Vogel, 2005). Strategic CSR activities may usually improve their bottom line, whilst taking into account their legitimate stakeholders' interests (Garay & Font, 2012; Kang, Lee, & Huh, 2010). For instance, various hotels and restaurants are increasingly communicating about their business activities that are having an effect on their stakeholders, including their employees, patrons, guests, suppliers, local communities, the environment, regulatory authorities and the community at large. Their non-financial reports (CSR reports, sustainability reports, or integrated reports) can identify the operational practices that are satisfying their stakeholders' expectations (Inoue & Lee, 2011; Lantos, 2001). The hospitality businesses' strategic CSR behaviors can improve their employees' working conditions, as they provide: decent employment to locals and migrant workers, health and safety in their workplace environments, adequate compensation and recognition of all employees, ongoing training and development opportunities, work-life balance, and the like (Camilleri, 2016). Moreover, they may address the environmental issues by: offering local, fresh, and sustainable food to their patrons; engaging in circular economy behaviors, reducing food waste; decreasing energy consumption, reducing the carbon footprint, and greenhouse emissions; using ecoresponsible products, et cetera (Camilleri, 2019a, 2019b). Various hotel chains are stepping in their commitment for sustainability issues as they set their own policies to implement strategic CSR practices (Falck & Heblich, 2007; Garay & Font, 2012). Very often, they rely on the nongovernmental organisations' regulatory instruments and tools like the Global Reporting Initiative's process and performance-oriented standards, or they align their practices with the Integrated Reporting.
{"title":"Strategic Corporate Social Responsibility in Tourism and Hospitality","authors":"M. Camilleri","doi":"10.1002/sd.2059","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/sd.2059","url":null,"abstract":"Tourism businesses engage in strategic corporate social responsibility (CSR) when they integrate responsible behaviors in their operational practices (Camilleri, 2015, 2019a; Carroll & Shabana, 2010; Porter & Kramer, 2006, 2011; Van Marrewijk, 2003; Vogel, 2005). Strategic CSR activities may usually improve their bottom line, whilst taking into account their legitimate stakeholders' interests (Garay & Font, 2012; Kang, Lee, & Huh, 2010). For instance, various hotels and restaurants are increasingly communicating about their business activities that are having an effect on their stakeholders, including their employees, patrons, guests, suppliers, local communities, the environment, regulatory authorities and the community at large. Their non-financial reports (CSR reports, sustainability reports, or integrated reports) can identify the operational practices that are satisfying their stakeholders' expectations (Inoue & Lee, 2011; Lantos, 2001). The hospitality businesses' strategic CSR behaviors can improve their employees' working conditions, as they provide: decent employment to locals and migrant workers, health and safety in their workplace environments, adequate compensation and recognition of all employees, ongoing training and development opportunities, work-life balance, and the like (Camilleri, 2016). Moreover, they may address the environmental issues by: offering local, fresh, and sustainable food to their patrons; engaging in circular economy behaviors, reducing food waste; decreasing energy consumption, reducing the carbon footprint, and greenhouse emissions; using ecoresponsible products, et cetera (Camilleri, 2019a, 2019b). Various hotel chains are stepping in their commitment for sustainability issues as they set their own policies to implement strategic CSR practices (Falck & Heblich, 2007; Garay & Font, 2012). Very often, they rely on the nongovernmental organisations' regulatory instruments and tools like the Global Reporting Initiative's process and performance-oriented standards, or they align their practices with the Integrated Reporting.","PeriodicalId":375403,"journal":{"name":"SRPN: Consumer Ethics Issues (Topic)","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129495747","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Festivities are considered as series of event conducted by people for the fulfillment of cultural needs. Irrespective of region, religion, castes we could see celebration of festivities with joy and prosperity. People do celebrate festivities because get together of family member, to come away from monotonous lifestyle and have some delicious food. Apart from these positive things festivities are the way to pollute environment in all sphere, like air, water, soil, noise pollution. From this study researcher has assessed the awareness level among people about ecological pollution during festivities and Explored Social work intervention to bring awareness about celebrating festivities without harming ecology. Descriptive research design was adopted for this study. Non probability sampling method was used with purposeful sample technique. 50 samples were drawn from universal for this study. The study found, that Indian cultural influence and low awareness about ecological protection among people are leading towards pollution (Environment foot print) in the name of festivities. Researcher has came up with Social Work intervention to bringing awareness among people regarding environment protection. Simple percentile and central tendency methods were used for statistical analysis and SPSS 20 was used to compute data.
{"title":"Awareness Towards Impact of Festivals on Ecology: Need for Social Work Intervention","authors":"Sachin B S, R. R, Rajashekar C Koti","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3085426","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3085426","url":null,"abstract":"Festivities are considered as series of event conducted by people for the fulfillment of cultural needs. Irrespective of region, religion, castes we could see celebration of festivities with joy and prosperity. People do celebrate festivities because get together of family member, to come away from monotonous lifestyle and have some delicious food. Apart from these positive things festivities are the way to pollute environment in all sphere, like air, water, soil, noise pollution. From this study researcher has assessed the awareness level among people about ecological pollution during festivities and Explored Social work intervention to bring awareness about celebrating festivities without harming ecology. Descriptive research design was adopted for this study. Non probability sampling method was used with purposeful sample technique. 50 samples were drawn from universal for this study. The study found, that Indian cultural influence and low awareness about ecological protection among people are leading towards pollution (Environment foot print) in the name of festivities. Researcher has came up with Social Work intervention to bringing awareness among people regarding environment protection. Simple percentile and central tendency methods were used for statistical analysis and SPSS 20 was used to compute data.","PeriodicalId":375403,"journal":{"name":"SRPN: Consumer Ethics Issues (Topic)","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131774721","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The organic food market in Thailand is still at an early stage of development, only about 0.1% of the domestic food market. In Bangkok and a few other big cities, organic food is now available in specialty stores and in upscale supermarket chains, at about twice the price of conventional mass-produced agricultural products. Hence, only urban, well-educated, better-off families have access to and can afford organic food. Many consumers fear being cheated when buying “green” products, but there is a lack of research on the role of trust for the adoption of new “green” products. In Thai culture, there is a strong aversion against losing face, which might be an impediment for introducing new premium-priced products with credence attributes. A related norm is to be kreng-jai (not causing inconvenience or discomfort) to others, especially respectable persons. Most Thai people would disregard lack of firm evidence in order to achieve smooth relationships. In this paper, the cultural influence of trust on consumer adoption of organic food in Thailand is explored by means of a mixture of qualitative and quantitative methods. Data were collected by means of two focus groups with consumers, ten depth interviews (minimum one hour long) with key stakeholders and a mall-intercept survey outside four supermarkets in Bangkok that sell organic food. Participants were screened for basic knowledge and awareness of organic food. The interviews and the survey study revealed that although most participants were aware of organic food, most of them could not explain the details of its qualifying characteristics or differentiate it from the other “safe” options. Thai consumers’ attitudes towards buying organic food primarily depend on how healthy and environmentally friendly they believe organic food is. In the qualitative interviews, many people referred to cancer prevention and a common statement was that we are surrounded by toxic influences in everyday life. Hence, they would like to find better alternatives, if possible. The intention to buy organic food depends mostly on personal preferences, but with a considerable influence from perceived social expectations as well. Consistent with the latter, many participants in the qualitative interviews made reference to the need to take good care of one’s family or being looked after by one’s parents who prefer the healthier food options. Regression analysis shows a strong relationship between behavioral intention and buying behavior regarding organic food. After controlling for buying intentions, mistrust in the authenticity of food sold as organic food has a significant negative impact on self-reported buying behavior. This is consistent with many non-buyers who participated in the qualitative interviews and expressed positive attitudes towards organic food refusing to pay a “stupidity fee” for an illusory premium.
{"title":"The Importance of Consumer Trust for the Emergence of a Market for Organic Food: The Case of Thailand","authors":"Krittinee Nuttavuthisit, J. Thøgersen","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2550049","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2550049","url":null,"abstract":"The organic food market in Thailand is still at an early stage of development, only about 0.1% of the domestic food market. In Bangkok and a few other big cities, organic food is now available in specialty stores and in upscale supermarket chains, at about twice the price of conventional mass-produced agricultural products. Hence, only urban, well-educated, better-off families have access to and can afford organic food. Many consumers fear being cheated when buying “green” products, but there is a lack of research on the role of trust for the adoption of new “green” products. In Thai culture, there is a strong aversion against losing face, which might be an impediment for introducing new premium-priced products with credence attributes. A related norm is to be kreng-jai (not causing inconvenience or discomfort) to others, especially respectable persons. Most Thai people would disregard lack of firm evidence in order to achieve smooth relationships. In this paper, the cultural influence of trust on consumer adoption of organic food in Thailand is explored by means of a mixture of qualitative and quantitative methods. Data were collected by means of two focus groups with consumers, ten depth interviews (minimum one hour long) with key stakeholders and a mall-intercept survey outside four supermarkets in Bangkok that sell organic food. Participants were screened for basic knowledge and awareness of organic food. The interviews and the survey study revealed that although most participants were aware of organic food, most of them could not explain the details of its qualifying characteristics or differentiate it from the other “safe” options. Thai consumers’ attitudes towards buying organic food primarily depend on how healthy and environmentally friendly they believe organic food is. In the qualitative interviews, many people referred to cancer prevention and a common statement was that we are surrounded by toxic influences in everyday life. Hence, they would like to find better alternatives, if possible. The intention to buy organic food depends mostly on personal preferences, but with a considerable influence from perceived social expectations as well. Consistent with the latter, many participants in the qualitative interviews made reference to the need to take good care of one’s family or being looked after by one’s parents who prefer the healthier food options. Regression analysis shows a strong relationship between behavioral intention and buying behavior regarding organic food. After controlling for buying intentions, mistrust in the authenticity of food sold as organic food has a significant negative impact on self-reported buying behavior. This is consistent with many non-buyers who participated in the qualitative interviews and expressed positive attitudes towards organic food refusing to pay a “stupidity fee” for an illusory premium.","PeriodicalId":375403,"journal":{"name":"SRPN: Consumer Ethics Issues (Topic)","volume":"92 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116303357","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Public opinion often diverges widely from reality on the size and makeup of immigrant populations but prior research has not established whether the media has any causal role in the construction of these perceptions. This paper examines how actually-occurring media portrayals of immigrants in Britain - drawn from recent large-scale quantitative studies of the British national press - affect attitudes toward and perceptions of immigrants among members of the British public. We report on an original survey experiment that tests the impact of various news frames. Several outcomes are measured including the individual’s estimates of the size of the immigrant group, perceptions of who immigrants are, and immigration policy preferences. We find support for the notion that even subtle coaxing can shift public conceptions of immigration, in this case toward more realistic understandings of the overall size and make-up of the immigrant population in Britain. The implications for the link between media frames and public opinion arising from these findings are discussed.
{"title":"Numbers and Waves, the Illegal and the Skilled: The Effects of Media Portrayals of Immigrants on Public Opinion in Britain","authors":"Scott Blinder, A. Jeannet","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2476123","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2476123","url":null,"abstract":"Public opinion often diverges widely from reality on the size and makeup of immigrant populations but prior research has not established whether the media has any causal role in the construction of these perceptions. This paper examines how actually-occurring media portrayals of immigrants in Britain - drawn from recent large-scale quantitative studies of the British national press - affect attitudes toward and perceptions of immigrants among members of the British public. We report on an original survey experiment that tests the impact of various news frames. Several outcomes are measured including the individual’s estimates of the size of the immigrant group, perceptions of who immigrants are, and immigration policy preferences. We find support for the notion that even subtle coaxing can shift public conceptions of immigration, in this case toward more realistic understandings of the overall size and make-up of the immigrant population in Britain. The implications for the link between media frames and public opinion arising from these findings are discussed.","PeriodicalId":375403,"journal":{"name":"SRPN: Consumer Ethics Issues (Topic)","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133683145","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Michael Foucault argued that 'the self' is socially constructed. So far as that is true, inhabitants of consumer societies have probably all internalized the social and institutional celebration of consumption, to varying extents, and this will have shaped our identities and worldviews, often in subtle ways. If it is the case, however, that overconsumption is driving many of the world’s most pressing problems, then it may be that ethical activity today requires that we engage the self by the self for the purpose of refusing who are – so far as we are uncritical consumers. This would open up space to create new, post-consumerist forms of subjectivity. This paper explores the possibility of self-fashioning such post-consumerist forms of subjectivity by infusing the idea of ‘voluntary simplicity’ – which signifies the attempt to live ‘more with less’ – with Michel Foucault’s notion of ethics as an ‘aesthetics of existence.’ After outlining Foucault’s ethics, this paper describes several ‘techniques of the self’ that could be employed by those who wish to actually practice the idea of ‘voluntary simplicity as an aesthetics of existence.’
{"title":"Toward a Foucauldian Ethics of Sustainable Consumption","authors":"S. Alexander","doi":"10.2139/SSRN.1995226","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/SSRN.1995226","url":null,"abstract":"Michael Foucault argued that 'the self' is socially constructed. So far as that is true, inhabitants of consumer societies have probably all internalized the social and institutional celebration of consumption, to varying extents, and this will have shaped our identities and worldviews, often in subtle ways. If it is the case, however, that overconsumption is driving many of the world’s most pressing problems, then it may be that ethical activity today requires that we engage the self by the self for the purpose of refusing who are – so far as we are uncritical consumers. This would open up space to create new, post-consumerist forms of subjectivity. This paper explores the possibility of self-fashioning such post-consumerist forms of subjectivity by infusing the idea of ‘voluntary simplicity’ – which signifies the attempt to live ‘more with less’ – with Michel Foucault’s notion of ethics as an ‘aesthetics of existence.’ After outlining Foucault’s ethics, this paper describes several ‘techniques of the self’ that could be employed by those who wish to actually practice the idea of ‘voluntary simplicity as an aesthetics of existence.’","PeriodicalId":375403,"journal":{"name":"SRPN: Consumer Ethics Issues (Topic)","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124461745","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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