Pub Date : 2021-07-23DOI: 10.51235/KT.2021.21.1.37
Jasmina Ćosić Dedović, Sedin Idrizović
Proper understanding of the constitutive elements of the command responsibility is the key to its proper application in practice, and the relationship between superior and subordinate as well as effective control is certainly one of the more complex issues that is insufficiently elaborated in the professional public and the public at large. The constitutive elements of the superior's command responsibility have their roots in the customary international law. One of these elements, without which there is no command responsibility of the superior, is the existence of a superior-subordinate relationship, which at its core implies existence of the effective control of the superior over the subordinate. The ad hoc tribunals of the former Yugoslavia and Rwanda paid particular attention to interpretation of this element of command responsibility in their jurisprudence. The goal of the authors is to show the context in which this first element of command responsibility gained "its place" in the international customary law and international conventional law as well as to show how the first element has been interpreted in jurisprudence. Therefore, in the context of this first element, the paper deals with the analysis of customary international law, international agreements and individual decisions of international ad hoc tribunals.
{"title":"The First Element of Command Responsibility - The Existence of the Relationship of Superior - Subordinate In the International Customary Law","authors":"Jasmina Ćosić Dedović, Sedin Idrizović","doi":"10.51235/KT.2021.21.1.37","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51235/KT.2021.21.1.37","url":null,"abstract":"Proper understanding of the constitutive elements of the command responsibility is the key to its proper application in practice, and the relationship between superior and subordinate as well as effective control is certainly one of the more complex issues that is insufficiently elaborated in the professional public and the public at large. The constitutive elements of the superior's command responsibility have their roots in the customary international law. One of these elements, without which there is no command responsibility of the superior, is the existence of a superior-subordinate relationship, which at its core implies existence of the effective control of the superior over the subordinate. The ad hoc tribunals of the former Yugoslavia and Rwanda paid particular attention to interpretation of this element of command responsibility in their jurisprudence. The goal of the authors is to show the context in which this first element of command responsibility gained \"its place\" in the international customary law and international conventional law as well as to show how the first element has been interpreted in jurisprudence. Therefore, in the context of this first element, the paper deals with the analysis of customary international law, international agreements and individual decisions of international ad hoc tribunals. ","PeriodicalId":375468,"journal":{"name":"Kriminalističke teme","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121520457","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-23DOI: 10.51235/KT.2021.21.1.21
J. Jovanović
Implementation of scientific methods in establishing facts relevants for criminalistics and legal proceedings can no longer be imagined without involving forensic examination of biological traces through analysis of DNA molecules. Legal norms for reaching a verdict bases on DNA evidance must be clearly set, and the interpretation and presentation of DNA evidence in court must be improved. Also, judges, prosecutors, lawyers must be constantly acquainted with and educated on the basics of forensics and the use of scientific evidence, in order to properly understand the DNA result and make correct judgments. Missing out some statistic-related facts and probability theory have led to certain legal omissions in both recent and past experience. Our goal with this article is to emphasize the importance of probability theories and statistics in forensic examination, particularly in interpretation of DNA results. Judges and lawyers accept the evidence based on their sense of reasoning. A necessary part is their greater participation and understanding of forensic reports and with the way of interpreting the evidence itself. It is responsibility of lawyers, judges and prosecutors is to understand the statistical evidence as much as possible. Standards of admissibility in court must be legally determined, and statistics and probability theory should be explained in detail to judges so they can make valid judgments.
{"title":"Statistical Interpretation of DNA Evidence in the Judicial Practice of Montenegro","authors":"J. Jovanović","doi":"10.51235/KT.2021.21.1.21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51235/KT.2021.21.1.21","url":null,"abstract":"Implementation of scientific methods in establishing facts relevants for criminalistics and legal proceedings can no longer be imagined without involving forensic examination of biological traces through analysis of DNA molecules. Legal norms for reaching a verdict bases on DNA evidance must be clearly set, and the interpretation and presentation of DNA evidence in court must be improved. Also, judges, prosecutors, lawyers must be constantly acquainted with and educated on the basics of forensics and the use of scientific evidence, in order to properly understand the DNA result and make correct judgments. Missing out some statistic-related facts and probability theory have led to certain legal omissions in both recent and past experience. \u0000Our goal with this article is to emphasize the importance of probability theories and statistics in forensic examination, particularly in interpretation of DNA results. Judges and lawyers accept the evidence based on their sense of reasoning. A necessary part is their greater participation and understanding of forensic reports and with the way of interpreting the evidence itself. It is responsibility of lawyers, judges and prosecutors is to understand the statistical evidence as much as possible. Standards of admissibility in court must be legally determined, and statistics and probability theory should be explained in detail to judges so they can make valid judgments.","PeriodicalId":375468,"journal":{"name":"Kriminalističke teme","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115102762","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-23DOI: 10.51235/KT.2021.21.1.61
Amjad S. Javdan
The paper is inspired by the author's effort to point out the need for a more comprehensive consideration of religious fundamentalism, in relation to modern society. The intention of this paper is to analyze fundamentalism in its historically known manifestations and to try to objectively point out its aspects that are not always Islamic or religious, and to place it in the context of modernism. This paper aims to answer two research questions: How does religious fundamentalism view the modern world and how does the contemporary world view religious fundamentalism? What are the common points and differences between modernism and religious fundamentalism, especially Islamic? The justification of the work stems from the fact that this paper seeks to contribute to the expansion of existing scientific and professional knowledge in the field of security studies, especially religious fundamentalism. This paper will contribute to shedding light on certain misconceptions that exist in today’s modern society regarding Islamic fundamentalism.
{"title":"Religious Fundamentalism and Modernity","authors":"Amjad S. Javdan","doi":"10.51235/KT.2021.21.1.61","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51235/KT.2021.21.1.61","url":null,"abstract":"The paper is inspired by the author's effort to point out the need for a more comprehensive consideration of religious fundamentalism, in relation to modern society. The intention of this paper is to analyze fundamentalism in its historically known manifestations and to try to objectively point out its aspects that are not always Islamic or religious, and to place it in the context of modernism. This paper aims to answer two research questions: How does religious fundamentalism view the modern world and how does the contemporary world view religious fundamentalism? What are the common points and differences between modernism and religious fundamentalism, especially Islamic? The justification of the work stems from the fact that this paper seeks to contribute to the expansion of existing scientific and professional knowledge in the field of security studies, especially religious fundamentalism. This paper will contribute to shedding light on certain misconceptions that exist in today’s modern society regarding Islamic fundamentalism.","PeriodicalId":375468,"journal":{"name":"Kriminalističke teme","volume":"76 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131012797","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The importance of studying the concept of self-control, as one of the mechanisms of adaptation, is especially recognized in the field of controlling various forms of socially unacceptable behaviors, and thus violent behavior. The research was conducted with the aim to explore the predictive power of self-control in the context of internalized and externalized violent behavior. The sample was 385 final-grade high school students. As the measuring instruments, the self-control scale as well as the scale for examining the frequency of manifested internalized and externalized violent behavior have been used. Linear regression analysis has been applied. Results show that dimensions of self-control Healthy habits (β= -0.331), Deliberate (β= -0.183), Reliability (β= -0.130) and General capacity for self-discipline (β= -0.135) significantly predicts internalized violent behavior, dimensions Healthy habits (β= -0.285) and General capacity for self-discipline (β= -0.141) predicts externalized violent behavior. The importance of the concept of self-control for understanding behavior has been reaffirmed, by emphasizing the manifestation of internalized and externalized violent behavior.
{"title":"Self-Control in the Function of Predicting Internalized and Externalized Violent Behavior","authors":"Gorjana Vujović","doi":"10.51235/KT.2021.21.1.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51235/KT.2021.21.1.1","url":null,"abstract":"The importance of studying the concept of self-control, as one of the mechanisms of adaptation, is especially recognized in the field of controlling various forms of socially unacceptable behaviors, and thus violent behavior. The research was conducted with the aim to explore the predictive power of self-control in the context of internalized and externalized violent behavior. The sample was 385 final-grade high school students. As the measuring instruments, the self-control scale as well as the scale for examining the frequency of manifested internalized and externalized violent behavior have been used. Linear regression analysis has been applied. Results show that dimensions of self-control Healthy habits (β= -0.331), Deliberate (β= -0.183), Reliability (β= -0.130) and General capacity for self-discipline (β= -0.135) significantly predicts internalized violent behavior, dimensions Healthy habits (β= -0.285) and General capacity for self-discipline (β= -0.141) predicts externalized violent behavior. The importance of the concept of self-control for understanding behavior has been reaffirmed, by emphasizing the manifestation of internalized and externalized violent behavior.","PeriodicalId":375468,"journal":{"name":"Kriminalističke teme","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130173349","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-21DOI: 10.51235/kt.2020.20.5.31
Adnan Fazlić, Irma Deljkić, R. Bull
Reason(s) for writing and research problem(s): Previous research has indicated that female eyewitnesses sometimes provide more accurate identifications than male, but there remains a lack of agreement on such a female-superiority effect. The issue of own-gender bias also remains unclear. Aims of the paper (scientific and/or social): This empirical research aims to further examine the possible existence of gender-related effects in eyewitness identification performance in the rarely studied culture of Bosnia and Herzegovina, and thus to determine implications for eyewitness identification in law enforcement practice there and elsewhere. Methodology/Design: This experimental study involved 98 undergraduate students of the University of Sarajevo. It included several tasks participants watched a video recording of a simulated bank robbery, undertook some written tasks, and finally attempted to provide identification of the male perpetrator in a photo lineup. Research/Paper limitations: The experiment was conducted in laboratory conditions that can be different from real-life situations (usually for ethical reasons). Participants were exclusively undergraduate students. The experiment design included only the identification of a male perpetrator (though most bank robbers are male). Results/Findings: No effect of gender was found in identification accuracy. An owngender bias was not found. General conclusion: Gender has no effects on facial recognition, and it is not a useful predictor of accuracy in eyewitnesses. Complete view on gender differences in eyewitness identification may be achieved if gender is considered in combination with other factors such as culture, expectations, age, race, intelligence and face recognition skill and type of crime. In future, it will be useful to explore the relationship between eyewitness identification accuracy and gender stereotypes/roles in countries across which these important factors vary. 32 Criminal Justice Issues Year XX, Issue 5, 2020. Fazlić, Deljkić, Bull – Gender Effects Regarding Eyewitness Identification Performance Research/Paper validity: This study’s design and analyses correspond to those used in relevant past research.
{"title":"Gender Effects Regarding Eyewitness Identification Performance","authors":"Adnan Fazlić, Irma Deljkić, R. Bull","doi":"10.51235/kt.2020.20.5.31","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51235/kt.2020.20.5.31","url":null,"abstract":"Reason(s) for writing and research problem(s): Previous research has indicated that female eyewitnesses sometimes provide more accurate identifications than male, but there remains a lack of agreement on such a female-superiority effect. The issue of own-gender bias also remains unclear. Aims of the paper (scientific and/or social): This empirical research aims to further examine the possible existence of gender-related effects in eyewitness identification performance in the rarely studied culture of Bosnia and Herzegovina, and thus to determine implications for eyewitness identification in law enforcement practice there and elsewhere. Methodology/Design: This experimental study involved 98 undergraduate students of the University of Sarajevo. It included several tasks participants watched a video recording of a simulated bank robbery, undertook some written tasks, and finally attempted to provide identification of the male perpetrator in a photo lineup. Research/Paper limitations: The experiment was conducted in laboratory conditions that can be different from real-life situations (usually for ethical reasons). Participants were exclusively undergraduate students. The experiment design included only the identification of a male perpetrator (though most bank robbers are male). Results/Findings: No effect of gender was found in identification accuracy. An owngender bias was not found. General conclusion: Gender has no effects on facial recognition, and it is not a useful predictor of accuracy in eyewitnesses. Complete view on gender differences in eyewitness identification may be achieved if gender is considered in combination with other factors such as culture, expectations, age, race, intelligence and face recognition skill and type of crime. In future, it will be useful to explore the relationship between eyewitness identification accuracy and gender stereotypes/roles in countries across which these important factors vary. 32 Criminal Justice Issues Year XX, Issue 5, 2020. Fazlić, Deljkić, Bull – Gender Effects Regarding Eyewitness Identification Performance Research/Paper validity: This study’s design and analyses correspond to those used in relevant past research.","PeriodicalId":375468,"journal":{"name":"Kriminalističke teme","volume":"54 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116543066","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-21DOI: 10.51235/kt.2020.20.5.77
Kenan Hodžić
Reasons for writing and research problem(s): The focus on migration processes has been dramatically intensified, both internationally and nationally. Often, this phenomenon undermines national and political unity. The inspiration for exploring this phenomenon was initially related to the local demarcations about the migrant crisis. People in the movement are becoming a more frequent occurrence in Bosnia and Herzegovina, and our country represents a transit destination to European countries, so it is essential to explain and shed light on the repercussions of this crisis and the (un)willingness of the state to respond to growing challenges that concern general public. Aims of the paper: The scientific aim of this paper is reflected in the description of capacities in the conditions of the migrant crisis, taking into account the structure of the political and security system, and the relations and connections between these systems. The social aim of the paper is to present findings of the migrant crisis as a security and humanitarian risk with severe potential and to get acquainted with the key characteristics and risk factors arising from the migrant crisis. Methodology/Design: Given the interdisciplinarity of this subject, to a greater or lesser extent, various general scientific methods are used, primarily the hypotheticaldeductive method and the analytical-deductive method, the method of scientific findings, and the method of analyzing the content of documents, events and testimonies in terms of analysis coordination and readiness of relevant actors in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Research/paper limitation: Tracking migratory movements requires considerable resources, infrastructure and IT/knowledge systems, therefore B&H's ability to collect, administer, analyze and report data on mobility, migration flow is often uneven and limited. Results/Findings: In Bosnia and Herzegovina, different attitudes and approaches to the phenomenon of migrations are evident. In other words, authorities in Bosnia and Herzegovina do not apply harmonized migration policy. General conclusion: Findings presented in this paper can contribute to a broader understanding of the framework of the dichotomy between the security (state78 Criminal Justice Issues Year XX, Issue 5, 2020. Hodžić – Understanding the Migrant Crisis in Bosnia and Herzegovina centric) approach and the humanitarian (human-centric) approach of the migrant crisis in Bosnia and Herzegovina.
{"title":"Understanding the Migrant Crisis in Bosnia and Herzegovina","authors":"Kenan Hodžić","doi":"10.51235/kt.2020.20.5.77","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51235/kt.2020.20.5.77","url":null,"abstract":"Reasons for writing and research problem(s): The focus on migration processes has been dramatically intensified, both internationally and nationally. Often, this phenomenon undermines national and political unity. The inspiration for exploring this phenomenon was initially related to the local demarcations about the migrant crisis. People in the movement are becoming a more frequent occurrence in Bosnia and Herzegovina, and our country represents a transit destination to European countries, so it is essential to explain and shed light on the repercussions of this crisis and the (un)willingness of the state to respond to growing challenges that concern general public. Aims of the paper: The scientific aim of this paper is reflected in the description of capacities in the conditions of the migrant crisis, taking into account the structure of the political and security system, and the relations and connections between these systems. The social aim of the paper is to present findings of the migrant crisis as a security and humanitarian risk with severe potential and to get acquainted with the key characteristics and risk factors arising from the migrant crisis. Methodology/Design: Given the interdisciplinarity of this subject, to a greater or lesser extent, various general scientific methods are used, primarily the hypotheticaldeductive method and the analytical-deductive method, the method of scientific findings, and the method of analyzing the content of documents, events and testimonies in terms of analysis coordination and readiness of relevant actors in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Research/paper limitation: Tracking migratory movements requires considerable resources, infrastructure and IT/knowledge systems, therefore B&H's ability to collect, administer, analyze and report data on mobility, migration flow is often uneven and limited. Results/Findings: In Bosnia and Herzegovina, different attitudes and approaches to the phenomenon of migrations are evident. In other words, authorities in Bosnia and Herzegovina do not apply harmonized migration policy. General conclusion: Findings presented in this paper can contribute to a broader understanding of the framework of the dichotomy between the security (state78 Criminal Justice Issues Year XX, Issue 5, 2020. Hodžić – Understanding the Migrant Crisis in Bosnia and Herzegovina centric) approach and the humanitarian (human-centric) approach of the migrant crisis in Bosnia and Herzegovina.","PeriodicalId":375468,"journal":{"name":"Kriminalističke teme","volume":"86 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122194668","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Reason(s) for writing and research problem(s): Large bulk of crime has pecuniary motives. From the criminal justice perspective, logical consequence would be to remove the profit out of crime, which would make crime pointless and reduce or remove the motivation of would-be wrongdoers to commit crime. Prior empirical research, especially in Bosnia and Herzegovina, did not sufficiently address deterrence through criminal confiscation. Aims of the paper (scientific and/or social): This paper has sought to explore deterrent ef-fect of criminal confiscation by examining prerequisites for deterrence using aggregate data from Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina. Methodology/Design: The study is exploratory and aims to provide not a definitive, thorough and comprehensive picture of confiscation landscape in Federation of Bosnia and Herze-govina, but to sketch an overall state of affairs. Data from 284 final court rulings were ob-tained covering years 2003-2016. Research/paper limitations: Since the clear data on number of judicial cases containing con-fiscation order is largely unknown, the study relies completely on one source of data and is uncertain on representativeness. Furthermore, aggregate level of data in studying deterrence properties (certainty, severity and celerity) are often contested and abundant with missing values, which was indeed the case with this study. Results/Findings: Findings suggest that confiscation amounts in Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina are rather low, do not remotely match the values actually gained through crime and are far below European average for confiscation cases. It is also found that confiscation is rarely used relative to total number of typical acquisitive crimes reported each year and when used, it is in lengthy procedures for General conclusion: With non-existent prerequisites for effective deterrence, confiscation cannot reasonably be expected to have significant impact on general levels of offending. Research/paper validity: Measures of certainty, severity and celerity were developed for this study. Similar research methods and measures were utilized in previous research on deter-rence. Utilized methods and measures seem reasonable to examine concepts above, ensuring appropriate level of face validity.
{"title":"Deterrence Through Criminal Confiscation? Some Exploratory Findings From Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina","authors":"Darko Datzer, Eldan Mujanović","doi":"10.51235/kt.2020.20.5.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51235/kt.2020.20.5.1","url":null,"abstract":"Reason(s) for writing and research problem(s): Large bulk of crime has pecuniary motives. From the criminal justice perspective, logical consequence would be to remove the profit out of crime, which would make crime pointless and reduce or remove the motivation of would-be wrongdoers to commit crime. Prior empirical research, especially in Bosnia and Herzegovina, did not sufficiently address deterrence through criminal confiscation. Aims of the paper (scientific and/or social): This paper has sought to explore deterrent ef-fect of criminal confiscation by examining prerequisites for deterrence using aggregate data from Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina. Methodology/Design: The study is exploratory and aims to provide not a definitive, thorough and comprehensive picture of confiscation landscape in Federation of Bosnia and Herze-govina, but to sketch an overall state of affairs. Data from 284 final court rulings were ob-tained covering years 2003-2016. Research/paper limitations: Since the clear data on number of judicial cases containing con-fiscation order is largely unknown, the study relies completely on one source of data and is uncertain on representativeness. Furthermore, aggregate level of data in studying deterrence properties (certainty, severity and celerity) are often contested and abundant with missing values, which was indeed the case with this study. Results/Findings: Findings suggest that confiscation amounts in Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina are rather low, do not remotely match the values actually gained through crime and are far below European average for confiscation cases. It is also found that confiscation is rarely used relative to total number of typical acquisitive crimes reported each year and when used, it is in lengthy procedures for General conclusion: With non-existent prerequisites for effective deterrence, confiscation cannot reasonably be expected to have significant impact on general levels of offending. Research/paper validity: Measures of certainty, severity and celerity were developed for this study. Similar research methods and measures were utilized in previous research on deter-rence. Utilized methods and measures seem reasonable to examine concepts above, ensuring appropriate level of face validity.","PeriodicalId":375468,"journal":{"name":"Kriminalističke teme","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132234484","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.51235/kt.2020.20.5.57
Nerma Halilović-Kibrić
Reason(s) for writing and research problem(s): Bosnia and Herzegovina offers a unique opportunity to examine how education is evolving and adapting in the context of state-building and the extent of efforts made in a still ethnically divided society. It seems very important to examine the role that politics have played in education in Bosnia and Herzegovina throughout history, and the consequences that certain attitudes have had on the current security situation in the country. Aims of the paper (scientific and/or social): This paper aims to determine the consequences of fostering the dominance of politics over education on current relations among citizens in post-conflict Bosnia and Herzegovina, and unveil the impacts of such relations on national security. Methodology/Design: The following methods were used: analytical-synthetic methods, hypothetical-deductive methods, and also axiomatic and comparative methods and, from the data collection perspective, the method of document content analysis, as well as the case study method. Research/paper limitations: The main limitation of this paper is the impossibility to provide a more detailed analysis for the period of 1992-1995. Namely, there are very few available materials that testify to the topic of education in this period. Results/Findings: The results show that all authorities in the observed periods were aware that the ease of their rule and the repetition and maintenance of the ruling relationship depend to a small extent on the character of education. As a result, they carefully selected and prepared curricula and designed educational programs according to their preferences, thus proving the direct impact of politics on education. General conclusion: The impact of politics on education in all three analysed periods of development of education in Bosnia and Herzegovina was confirmed. Given the persistent ethnic polarization, all countries in the region could make fair use of the Council of Europe's expertise, primarily in the areas of human rights, democratic citizenship and cultural diversity. 58 Criminal Justice Issues Year XX, Issue 5, 2020. Halilović-Kibrić – Security Aspects of Fostering the Dominance of Politics Over Education in Bosnia and Herzegovina Research/paper validity: In scientific terms, the research is justified by the need to point out the consequences that the politicized, segregated, fragmented and decentralized education system in Bosnia and Herzegovina has on security issues.
{"title":"Security Aspects of Fostering the Dominance of Politics Over Education in Bosnia and Herzegovina","authors":"Nerma Halilović-Kibrić","doi":"10.51235/kt.2020.20.5.57","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51235/kt.2020.20.5.57","url":null,"abstract":"Reason(s) for writing and research problem(s): Bosnia and Herzegovina offers a unique opportunity to examine how education is evolving and adapting in the context of state-building and the extent of efforts made in a still ethnically divided society. It seems very important to examine the role that politics have played in education in Bosnia and Herzegovina throughout history, and the consequences that certain attitudes have had on the current security situation in the country. Aims of the paper (scientific and/or social): This paper aims to determine the consequences of fostering the dominance of politics over education on current relations among citizens in post-conflict Bosnia and Herzegovina, and unveil the impacts of such relations on national security. Methodology/Design: The following methods were used: analytical-synthetic methods, hypothetical-deductive methods, and also axiomatic and comparative methods and, from the data collection perspective, the method of document content analysis, as well as the case study method. Research/paper limitations: The main limitation of this paper is the impossibility to provide a more detailed analysis for the period of 1992-1995. Namely, there are very few available materials that testify to the topic of education in this period. Results/Findings: The results show that all authorities in the observed periods were aware that the ease of their rule and the repetition and maintenance of the ruling relationship depend to a small extent on the character of education. As a result, they carefully selected and prepared curricula and designed educational programs according to their preferences, thus proving the direct impact of politics on education. General conclusion: The impact of politics on education in all three analysed periods of development of education in Bosnia and Herzegovina was confirmed. Given the persistent ethnic polarization, all countries in the region could make fair use of the Council of Europe's expertise, primarily in the areas of human rights, democratic citizenship and cultural diversity. 58 Criminal Justice Issues Year XX, Issue 5, 2020. Halilović-Kibrić – Security Aspects of Fostering the Dominance of Politics Over Education in Bosnia and Herzegovina Research/paper validity: In scientific terms, the research is justified by the need to point out the consequences that the politicized, segregated, fragmented and decentralized education system in Bosnia and Herzegovina has on security issues.","PeriodicalId":375468,"journal":{"name":"Kriminalističke teme","volume":"57 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124659705","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.51235/kt.2020.20.5.43
Z. Ivanović, V. Baić
Reason(s) for writing and research problem(s): The lack of research on drone attacks in the West Balkans, but also within the European Union, has influenced our decision to conduct case study analysis of drone incidents occurring in the world, but also in our surrounding, in order to think how to prevent those in our own "backyard". Aims of the paper (scientific and/or social): This article intends to present significant security and operational information on drone attacks from cases detected in various surroundings. Methodology/Design: Methodology used in the paper includes case studies of drone attacks in certain countries, in order to evaluate these incidents from security and operational aspects. Research/paper limitations: Limitations refer to possible unregistered activities in the form of new modus operandi of perpetrators involving drone attacks. Results/Findings: The findings presented in this paper show a cross-section of attack vectors and modus operandi used by perpetrators, as well as vulnerabilities found at targeted institutions and objects. Those findings are to be considered for future prevention of perpetrators activities. General conclusion: There is a real need to improve and modernize general security measures related to Unmanned Aerial Vehicles. This article points to such necessity at several different levels and aspects through the analysis of attack vectors, modus operandi, and the weaknesses of the attacked targets. Research/paper validity: Findings presented in this article can be used to direct future research in this field, in order to strengthen and develop various measures to combat existing and persistent threats posed by drones.
{"title":"Drones as a Permanent and Present Danger","authors":"Z. Ivanović, V. Baić","doi":"10.51235/kt.2020.20.5.43","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51235/kt.2020.20.5.43","url":null,"abstract":"Reason(s) for writing and research problem(s): The lack of research on drone attacks in the West Balkans, but also within the European Union, has influenced our decision to conduct case study analysis of drone incidents occurring in the world, but also in our surrounding, in order to think how to prevent those in our own \"backyard\". Aims of the paper (scientific and/or social): This article intends to present significant security and operational information on drone attacks from cases detected in various surroundings. Methodology/Design: Methodology used in the paper includes case studies of drone attacks in certain countries, in order to evaluate these incidents from security and operational aspects. Research/paper limitations: Limitations refer to possible unregistered activities in the form of new modus operandi of perpetrators involving drone attacks. Results/Findings: The findings presented in this paper show a cross-section of attack vectors and modus operandi used by perpetrators, as well as vulnerabilities found at targeted institutions and objects. Those findings are to be considered for future prevention of perpetrators activities. General conclusion: There is a real need to improve and modernize general security measures related to Unmanned Aerial Vehicles. This article points to such necessity at several different levels and aspects through the analysis of attack vectors, modus operandi, and the weaknesses of the attacked targets. Research/paper validity: Findings presented in this article can be used to direct future research in this field, in order to strengthen and develop various measures to combat existing and persistent threats posed by drones.","PeriodicalId":375468,"journal":{"name":"Kriminalističke teme","volume":"147 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115831901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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