Pub Date : 2020-07-08DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.90032
S. Jayasree, S. Nair, Dhamodaran Santhanagopalan
Germanium thin-film anodes for Li-ion battery applications are the focus of the present work. As part of this chapter, we shall briefly review the use of germanium thin films in Li-ion batteries, and subsequently, new results pertaining to the effect of vinylene carbonate (VC) as electrolyte additive on the electrochemical performance are presented. We have used cyclic voltammetry, galvanostatic charge-discharge and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy to investigate the performance. Thin-film electrode performance with 0 wt. %, 5 wt. %, and 10 wt.% VC as electrolyte additive was compared to understand the role of additive’s concentration. The cell with 5 wt.% VC as electrolyte additive exhibited best performance with high specific capacity of 975 mAh/g, with a retention of 94 and 99% Coulombic efficiency at the end of 100 cycles. Ex situ surface chemical analysis of the solid-electrolyte interphase (SEI) layer has been studied in detail using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and correlated with the electrochemical performance. and non-doped. They prepared electrodes with different thickness of 50, 100, 200, and 400 nm. The n-doped Ge film of thickness 200 nm exhibited best life cycle among others. It showed a stable discharge capacity of 780 μ Ahcm 2 /cm over 180 cycles.
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Pub Date : 2020-07-08DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.92322
H. Nagai, Mitsunobu Sato
In 2019, the Nobel Prize in Chemistry has been awarded to John B. Goodenough, M. Stanley Whittingham, and Akira Yoshino for their research in improving battery technology. It is the invention of lithium-ion battery (LIB). The energy density of LIB with high discharge voltage (3.6 V) is nearly twice that of Ni-Cd batteries, and excellent cycle life and higher level of intrinsic safety have been demonstrated. The LIB has revolutionized our lives and is widespread from small-scale devices such as mobile phone to emergency distributed power supply, electric vehicle, etc. Lithiumion batteries are evolving even now. Many current types of research for LIB focus on life extension, energy density, safety, cost reduction, and charging speed. Thin film LIB is one of the forms of LIB. It has attracted much interest for use as power sources of smart cards, implantable medical devices, micro-sensors, and so on. The thin film LIB is composed of the anode, cathode, and electrolyte with thicknesses on the order of microns. As the demands for safety, higher energy density, and other performance metrics increase, research into anode, cathode, and electrolyte materials has been rapidly progressing. Cathode materials are often mixed metal oxides involving lithium ion such as LiCoO2 and LiMn2O4. Anode materials are lithium metal, carbon-based materials, and inorganic compounds. Both the cathode and anode materials are film, chosen for their ability to intercalate, and de-intercalate lithium ion while maintaining their structural integrity. The current research of electrolyte, whose form is preferable to be solid in thin film batteries, trends toward ceramics such as lithium lanthanum zinc oxide (LLZO) and lithium lanthanum titanium oxide (LLTO). The optimal electrolyte should be an efficient ion-conductor and a good electrical insulator allowing the battery to operate safely. The optimal combination of these materials can yield a battery that is light, thin, long-lasting, and safe.
2019年，诺贝尔化学奖授予John B. Goodenough、M. Stanley Whittingham和Akira Yoshino，以表彰他们在改进电池技术方面的研究。这是锂离子电池的发明。在高放电电压(3.6 V)下，锂离子电池的能量密度是镍镉电池的近两倍，具有良好的循环寿命和更高的本质安全性。LIB彻底改变了我们的生活，从小型设备，如移动电话到应急分布式电源，电动汽车等广泛使用。即使是现在，锂离子电池也在不断发展。目前许多类型的LIB研究集中在延长寿命、能量密度、安全性、降低成本和充电速度上。薄膜锂离子电池是锂离子电池的一种形式。作为智能卡、植入式医疗设备、微型传感器等的电源，它引起了人们的极大兴趣。薄膜锂离子电池由阳极、阴极和电解质组成，其厚度在微米量级。随着对安全性、高能量密度和其他性能指标要求的提高，对阳极、阴极和电解质材料的研究取得了迅速进展。正极材料通常是含有锂离子的混合金属氧化物，如LiCoO2和LiMn2O4。负极材料有锂金属、碳基材料和无机化合物。正极和负极材料都是薄膜，选择它们是因为它们能够插入和脱插锂离子，同时保持它们的结构完整性。电解液的形态在薄膜电池中更倾向于固态，目前的研究趋向于陶瓷，如锂镧氧化锌(LLZO)和锂镧氧化钛(LLTO)。最佳的电解质应该是一个有效的离子导体和一个良好的电绝缘体，使电池安全运行。这些材料的最佳组合可以生产出轻、薄、持久和安全的电池。
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Pub Date : 2019-05-13DOI: 10.5772/INTECHOPEN.83606
J. Molenda
The author of this work basing on her own investigations of A x MO 2 cathode materials (A = Li, Na; M = 3d) has demonstrated that the electronic structure of these materials plays an important role in the electrochemical intercalation process. The proposed electronic model of intercalation is universal and has outstanding significance with regard to tailoring the properties of electrode materials to the most efficient application in Li-ion and Na-ion batteries. The paper reveals correlation between electronic structure, transport, and electrochemical properties of layered Li x CoO 2 , Li x Ni 1 − y − z Co y Mn z O 2 and Na x CoO 2 cathode material and explains of appar-ently different character of the discharge/charge curve in Li x CoO 2 (monotonous curve) and NaxCoO 2 systems (step-like curve). Comprehensive experimental studies of physicochemical properties of Li x Ni 1 − y − z Co y Mn z O 2 cathode material (XRD, electrical conductivity, and thermoelectric power) are supported by electronic structure calculations performed using the Korringa-Kohn-Rostoker method with the coherent potential approximation (KKR-CPA) to account for chemical disorder. It is found that even small oxygen defects (~1%) may significantly modify DOS characteristics via formation of extra broad peaks inside the former gap leading to its substantial reduction.
本文作者基于自己对A × MO 2正极材料(A = Li, Na;M = 3d)表明这些材料的电子结构在电化学插层过程中起着重要的作用。所提出的插层电子模型具有普适性，对于调整电极材料的性质，使其最有效地应用于锂离子和钠离子电池具有重要意义。本文揭示了层状Li xCoO 2、Li x Ni 1−y−z Co y Mn z o2和NaxCoO 2正极材料的电子结构、输运和电化学性能之间的相关性，并解释了Li xCoO 2体系(单调曲线)和NaxCoO 2体系(阶梯曲线)中放电/充电曲线的明显不同特征。利用Korringa-Kohn-Rostoker方法和相干电位近似(KKR-CPA)进行的电子结构计算支持了Li x Ni 1−y−z Co y Mn z o2正极材料的物理化学性质的综合实验研究(XRD，电导率和热电功率)，以解释化学紊乱。发现即使是很小的氧缺陷(~1%)也可以通过在前隙内形成额外的宽峰而显著改变DOS特性，从而导致其大幅降低。
{"title":"Cathode Electronic Structure Impact on Lithium and Sodium Batteries Parameters","authors":"J. Molenda","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.83606","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.83606","url":null,"abstract":"The author of this work basing on her own investigations of A x MO 2 cathode materials (A = Li, Na; M = 3d) has demonstrated that the electronic structure of these materials plays an important role in the electrochemical intercalation process. The proposed electronic model of intercalation is universal and has outstanding significance with regard to tailoring the properties of electrode materials to the most efficient application in Li-ion and Na-ion batteries. The paper reveals correlation between electronic structure, transport, and electrochemical properties of layered Li x CoO 2 , Li x Ni 1 − y − z Co y Mn z O 2 and Na x CoO 2 cathode material and explains of appar-ently different character of the discharge/charge curve in Li x CoO 2 (monotonous curve) and NaxCoO 2 systems (step-like curve). Comprehensive experimental studies of physicochemical properties of Li x Ni 1 − y − z Co y Mn z O 2 cathode material (XRD, electrical conductivity, and thermoelectric power) are supported by electronic structure calculations performed using the Korringa-Kohn-Rostoker method with the coherent potential approximation (KKR-CPA) to account for chemical disorder. It is found that even small oxygen defects (~1%) may significantly modify DOS characteristics via formation of extra broad peaks inside the former gap leading to its substantial reduction.","PeriodicalId":375639,"journal":{"name":"Lithium-ion Batteries - Thin Film for Energy Materials and Devices","volume":"117 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133355349","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-02-19DOI: 10.5772/INTECHOPEN.81787
Sun Xiaogang, Li Xu, Chengcheng Wei, W. Jie, Chengcheng Wei, Yapan Huang, Guodong Liang, Hao Hu
Lithium-ion battery (LIB) has occupied the main position of portable electronic devices, and it is also playing an important role in energy storage and large energy storage. Thin film devices based on their diverse functions have great potential for wide application. Novel thin film devices need to be created for the improvement of electrochemical performance and safety of LIB. Our research focused on transparent conductive films and new flexible porous carbon nanotube films for improving and enhancing the energy/power density and cyclic performance of LIB. Mean-while, different carbon nanotube films have their own additional advantages in strength and thermal conductivity to meet various functional requirements of LIBS.
{"title":"Flexible Porous Carbon Nanotube Films Intercalated with Active and Functional Materials for Lithium-Ion Batteries","authors":"Sun Xiaogang, Li Xu, Chengcheng Wei, W. Jie, Chengcheng Wei, Yapan Huang, Guodong Liang, Hao Hu","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.81787","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.81787","url":null,"abstract":"Lithium-ion battery (LIB) has occupied the main position of portable electronic devices, and it is also playing an important role in energy storage and large energy storage. Thin film devices based on their diverse functions have great potential for wide application. Novel thin film devices need to be created for the improvement of electrochemical performance and safety of LIB. Our research focused on transparent conductive films and new flexible porous carbon nanotube films for improving and enhancing the energy/power density and cyclic performance of LIB. Mean-while, different carbon nanotube films have their own additional advantages in strength and thermal conductivity to meet various functional requirements of LIBS.","PeriodicalId":375639,"journal":{"name":"Lithium-ion Batteries - Thin Film for Energy Materials and Devices","volume":"89 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128306275","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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