Muhamad Shahrun Aiman Mohd Daud, Mohd Firdaus Abdullah, Arba’iyah Mohd Noor, Noraini Mohamed Hassan, Norazilawati Abd Wahab
The expansion of the British Empire during the 18th and 19th centuries significantly shaped livestock policies and agricultural practices in their colonies. It is argued here that understanding the British colonial experience in Kedah offers valuable perspectives on how responsible and sustainable livestock production can contribute to addressing the challenges of food security around the world. The current academic study employed a historical method and qualitative approach to investigate the impact of British colonial rule on livestock production in Kedah, Malaya, from 1909 to 1940. The study delved into the British efforts to enhance livestock production in Kedah and highlighted the pivotal role played by livestock production in achieving food security, promoting economic growth, and encouraging responsible consumption. Also, the current study revealed the challenges the British faced in animal husbandry activities during this period. The findings demonstrated that the British had successfully developed the livestock sector in Kedah, proven by the increased meat production, livestock numbers, and income. As a result, this historical study provides valuable insights for addressing contemporary global issues related to food security.
{"title":"LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION IN KEDAH, MALAYA (1909–1940): THE KEY TO ACHIEVING FOOD SECURITY, ECONOMIC GROWTH, AND RESPONSIBLE CONSUMPTION UNDER THE BRITISH","authors":"Muhamad Shahrun Aiman Mohd Daud, Mohd Firdaus Abdullah, Arba’iyah Mohd Noor, Noraini Mohamed Hassan, Norazilawati Abd Wahab","doi":"10.32890/jis2024.20.1.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32890/jis2024.20.1.3","url":null,"abstract":"The expansion of the British Empire during the 18th and 19th centuries significantly shaped livestock policies and agricultural practices in their colonies. It is argued here that understanding the British colonial experience in Kedah offers valuable perspectives on how responsible and sustainable livestock production can contribute to addressing the challenges of food security around the world. The current academic study employed a historical method and qualitative approach to investigate the impact of British colonial rule on livestock production in Kedah, Malaya, from 1909 to 1940. The study delved into the British efforts to enhance livestock production in Kedah and highlighted the pivotal role played by livestock production in achieving food security, promoting economic growth, and encouraging responsible consumption. Also, the current study revealed the challenges the British faced in animal husbandry activities during this period. The findings demonstrated that the British had successfully developed the livestock sector in Kedah, proven by the increased meat production, livestock numbers, and income. As a result, this historical study provides valuable insights for addressing contemporary global issues related to food security. ","PeriodicalId":37591,"journal":{"name":"Journal of International Studies","volume":"113 52","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140986746","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Roslina Ismail, Mohd Kamarulnizam Abdullah, Latifah Abd Ghani
According to mainstream literature, Muslim countries often lag behind in terms of environmental sustainability despite their beingfully compliant with global environmental regulations. This raises the question of whether this applies to all aspects of environmentalconservation. Therefore, this paper aims to evaluate the effectiveness of biodiversity conservation efforts in countries that are members of the Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) and determine whether a consistent growth trend in biodiversity conservation can be identified. The study employs semi-quantitative and policy-science methods, analysing data from Yale University’s Biodiversity and Habitat Protection Index from 2010 to 2020. The findings show a significant increase in biodiversity conservation performance over the ten-year study period. Interestingly, low-income countries outperformed their wealthier OIC counterparts in terms of biodiversity conservation, despite having the lowest economic development status. This positive trend highlights the effectiveness of essential biodiversity policies and measures adopted in these Muslim countries. Furthermore, these results align with Stern’s approach, which argues that economic expansion can have diverse impacts on environmental quality, leading to the rejection of the Environmental Kuznets Curve hypothesis in the context of biodiversity conservation in Muslim countries. The study emphasises the need for further research into the nature of biodiversity policies among low-income nations. The policy ideas and solutions from these countries can provide valuable insights for combating biodiversity loss within OIC countries and globally, contributing to achieving Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Additionally, it has the potential to enhance the capacity of OIC countries in biodiversity conservation and their role in supporting fellow Muslim nations in achieving the SDGs.
{"title":"BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION EFFORTS AMONG MUSLIM COUNTRIES: EVIDENCE FROM THE ORGANIZATION OF ISLAMIC COOPERATION COUNTRIES","authors":"Roslina Ismail, Mohd Kamarulnizam Abdullah, Latifah Abd Ghani","doi":"10.32890/jis2024.20.1.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32890/jis2024.20.1.4","url":null,"abstract":"According to mainstream literature, Muslim countries often lag behind in terms of environmental sustainability despite their beingfully compliant with global environmental regulations. This raises the question of whether this applies to all aspects of environmentalconservation. Therefore, this paper aims to evaluate the effectiveness of biodiversity conservation efforts in countries that are members of the Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) and determine whether a consistent growth trend in biodiversity conservation can be identified. The study employs semi-quantitative and policy-science methods, analysing data from Yale University’s Biodiversity and Habitat Protection Index from 2010 to 2020. The findings show a significant increase in biodiversity conservation performance over the ten-year study period. Interestingly, low-income countries outperformed their wealthier OIC counterparts in terms of biodiversity conservation, despite having the lowest economic development status. This positive trend highlights the effectiveness of essential biodiversity policies and measures adopted in these Muslim countries. Furthermore, these results align with Stern’s approach, which argues that economic expansion can have diverse impacts on environmental quality, leading to the rejection of the Environmental Kuznets Curve hypothesis in the context of biodiversity conservation in Muslim countries. The study emphasises the need for further research into the nature of biodiversity policies among low-income nations. The policy ideas and solutions from these countries can provide valuable insights for combating biodiversity loss within OIC countries and globally, contributing to achieving Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Additionally, it has the potential to enhance the capacity of OIC countries in biodiversity conservation and their role in supporting fellow Muslim nations in achieving the SDGs. ","PeriodicalId":37591,"journal":{"name":"Journal of International Studies","volume":"118 50","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140986573","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The examination of the nexus between Financial Development (FD), Technological Advancement (TA), Human Capital (HC), andPrivate Consumption (PC) to Economic Growth (EG) has gained substantial attention in both empirical and theoretical academia sincethe early nineteenth century. Scholars affirm that FD, HC, PC, and TA are crucial factors in determining optimal resource allocationand efficient utilization required to achieve sustainable EG. This study investigates the nexus of FD, HC, and PC with EG in Asiancountries, with TA serving as the moderator. Data from 35 countries were collected annually over 15 years, spanning from 2005 to 2019. Using short panel data analysis, due to the higher number of crosssections (35) compared to time intervals (15), the findings confirm TA’s significant moderator effect in both short and long-run time scenarios. Additionally, a significant negative relationship with EG is observed for FD and PC, while TA and HC are identified as promoters of EG. The study underscores the importance of investing in TA while concurrently developing the quality of the labor force. Policymakers are encouraged to prioritize technology development and the introduction of innovative techniques. However, caution is advised in FD projects, necessitating strategies to reduce domestic private consumption.
自十九世纪初以来，关于金融发展（FD）、技术进步（TA）、人力资本（HC）和私人消费（PC）与经济增长（EG）之间关系的研究在实证和理论学术界都获得了极大的关注。学者们认为，FD、HC、PC 和 TA 是决定资源优化配置和有效利用以实现可持续 EG 的关键因素。本研究调查了亚洲国家的 FD、HC 和 PC 与 EG 的关系，并以 TA 作为调节因素。从 2005 年到 2019 年的 15 年间，每年收集 35 个国家的数据。由于横截面数量（35）多于时间间隔（15），使用短面板数据分析，研究结果证实 TA 在短期和长期时间情景中都具有显著的调节作用。此外，FD 和 PC 与 EG 呈显著负相关，而 TA 和 HC 被认为是 EG 的促进因素。这项研究强调了在投资技术援助的同时发展劳动力素质的重要性。鼓励决策者优先考虑技术开发和引进创新技术。不过，建议在实施金融发展项目时谨慎行事，必须采取减少国内私人消费的战略。
{"title":"MODERATOR EFFECT OF TECHNOLOGICAL ADVANCEMENT ON FINANCIAL DEVELOPMENT AND ECONOMIC GROWTH NEXUS IN ASIAN COUNTRIES","authors":"Rishan Hewage, J. Pyeman, Norashida Othman","doi":"10.32890/jis2024.20.1.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32890/jis2024.20.1.5","url":null,"abstract":"The examination of the nexus between Financial Development (FD), Technological Advancement (TA), Human Capital (HC), andPrivate Consumption (PC) to Economic Growth (EG) has gained substantial attention in both empirical and theoretical academia sincethe early nineteenth century. Scholars affirm that FD, HC, PC, and TA are crucial factors in determining optimal resource allocationand efficient utilization required to achieve sustainable EG. This study investigates the nexus of FD, HC, and PC with EG in Asiancountries, with TA serving as the moderator. Data from 35 countries were collected annually over 15 years, spanning from 2005 to 2019. Using short panel data analysis, due to the higher number of crosssections (35) compared to time intervals (15), the findings confirm TA’s significant moderator effect in both short and long-run time scenarios. Additionally, a significant negative relationship with EG is observed for FD and PC, while TA and HC are identified as promoters of EG. The study underscores the importance of investing in TA while concurrently developing the quality of the labor force. Policymakers are encouraged to prioritize technology development and the introduction of innovative techniques. However, caution is advised in FD projects, necessitating strategies to reduce domestic private consumption.","PeriodicalId":37591,"journal":{"name":"Journal of International Studies","volume":"121 25","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140986540","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The practice of the apartheid system in South Africa has been widely condemned for perpetuating enduring socio-economic inequality and for its detrimental impacts on the lives of millions of citizens. While many studies have strongly affirmed this assertion, socio-economic inequality continues to arguably engender a long-lasting struggle among the black and colored communities in post-apartheid South Africa. This places a burden on the country’s successive governments to implement long-term policies that can rectify the plight of the people. Consequently, the adoption of the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) in 2000 becomes an important reference tool for the African National Congress (ANC)-dominated government, which has initiated and implemented policies to combat inequality in the post-apartheid era. This study examines the roles and measures taken by the ANC government to address racially discriminated economic and social inequality within the framework of the MDGs. Using qualitative research methods, the study explores the background framework of the MDGs and analyzes socio-economic measures implemented by successive ANC governments between 2000 and 2015, focusing on areas such as education, poverty eradication, and healthcare. Primary and secondary sources are utilized to provide insights and support the analysis. The findings reveal that the ANC-dominated government effectively incorporated the frameworks of the MDGs into its formulation and execution of policy measures to eradicatesocial inequality in South Africa. The study concludes that the effective implementation of these measures has yielded considerableprogress, effectively addressing multifaceted issues such as poverty, healthcare, education, and unemployment. This conclusion alignswith the official South African MDG report, which unequivocally highlights the several achievements of MDG targets through policyimplementation from 2000 to 2015.
{"title":"BRIDGING THE DIVIDE: ADDRESSING SOCIOECONOMIC INEQUALITY IN POST-APARTHEID SOUTH AFRICA WITHIN THE FRAMEWORK OF MILLENNIUM DEVELOPMENT GOALS (2000-2015)","authors":"Moshood Saka","doi":"10.32890/jis2024.20.1.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32890/jis2024.20.1.8","url":null,"abstract":"The practice of the apartheid system in South Africa has been widely condemned for perpetuating enduring socio-economic inequality and for its detrimental impacts on the lives of millions of citizens. While many studies have strongly affirmed this assertion, socio-economic inequality continues to arguably engender a long-lasting struggle among the black and colored communities in post-apartheid South Africa. This places a burden on the country’s successive governments to implement long-term policies that can rectify the plight of the people. Consequently, the adoption of the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) in 2000 becomes an important reference tool for the African National Congress (ANC)-dominated government, which has initiated and implemented policies to combat inequality in the post-apartheid era. This study examines the roles and measures taken by the ANC government to address racially discriminated economic and social inequality within the framework of the MDGs. Using qualitative research methods, the study explores the background framework of the MDGs and analyzes socio-economic measures implemented by successive ANC governments between 2000 and 2015, focusing on areas such as education, poverty eradication, and healthcare. Primary and secondary sources are utilized to provide insights and support the analysis. The findings reveal that the ANC-dominated government effectively incorporated the frameworks of the MDGs into its formulation and execution of policy measures to eradicatesocial inequality in South Africa. The study concludes that the effective implementation of these measures has yielded considerableprogress, effectively addressing multifaceted issues such as poverty, healthcare, education, and unemployment. This conclusion alignswith the official South African MDG report, which unequivocally highlights the several achievements of MDG targets through policyimplementation from 2000 to 2015. ","PeriodicalId":37591,"journal":{"name":"Journal of International Studies","volume":"119 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140986433","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-12DOI: 10.32890/jis2024.20.1.10
William Choo Keng Soon, Mohd Yahya Mohd Hussin, Chan Pui Yee, Dinesh Kumar Saundra Rajan, Muhammad Ashraf Anuar
The COVID-19 pandemic is one of the most unparalleled disasters the world has ever seen. Previously, the global community hasfaced the Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS), Ebola Virus Disease (EVD), and Severe Acute Respiratory (SARS). However,the tremendous rate of infection created by the global COVID-19 pandemic is unmatchable with its rapid spread all over the world. Therefore, it is considered as a Black Swan event as created previously by the 2008 financial crisis, SARS, and 9/11 terrorist attack. All these events have triggered panic selling that affected the confidence of investors and businesses. Subsequently, stock market performance has affected the choice of investment decisions that translated into stock return. Therefore, this paper was undertaken to investigate the co-integration and causality relationship among global COVID-19 daily infected cases, COVID-19 recoveries rate, COVID-19 death rate, investor sentiment, government policy, foreign exchange rate, Malaysia gold price, and crude oil price towards the KLCI stock market return. This study employed an exploratory sequential mixed methods approach along with Johansen and Julius Co-Integration and Granger Causality in explaining the Malaysia stock market return. The empirical analysis concluded that COVID-19 daily cases, COVID-19 recoveries rate, government policy and foreign exchange have had a long-term effect in explaining the Malaysia stock return. On the other hand, all the study variables, except for government policy indicated a short-term effect on the Malaysia stock return. This study will contribute significantly to the body of finance literature on the impact of a disease outbreak, with highlights on the considerations of investors on the global COVID-19 pandemic in illuminating the variation of Malaysia stock market returns.
{"title":"THE CO-INTEGRATION AND CAUSALITY EFFECT BETWEEN GLOBAL COVID-19 PANDEMIC AND THE STOCK MARKET RETURN IN MALAYSIA: AN EXPLORATORY SEQUENTIAL MIXED METHODS APPROACH","authors":"William Choo Keng Soon, Mohd Yahya Mohd Hussin, Chan Pui Yee, Dinesh Kumar Saundra Rajan, Muhammad Ashraf Anuar","doi":"10.32890/jis2024.20.1.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32890/jis2024.20.1.10","url":null,"abstract":"The COVID-19 pandemic is one of the most unparalleled disasters the world has ever seen. Previously, the global community hasfaced the Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS), Ebola Virus Disease (EVD), and Severe Acute Respiratory (SARS). However,the tremendous rate of infection created by the global COVID-19 pandemic is unmatchable with its rapid spread all over the world. Therefore, it is considered as a Black Swan event as created previously by the 2008 financial crisis, SARS, and 9/11 terrorist attack. All these events have triggered panic selling that affected the confidence of investors and businesses. Subsequently, stock market performance has affected the choice of investment decisions that translated into stock return. Therefore, this paper was undertaken to investigate the co-integration and causality relationship among global COVID-19 daily infected cases, COVID-19 recoveries rate, COVID-19 death rate, investor sentiment, government policy, foreign exchange rate, Malaysia gold price, and crude oil price towards the KLCI stock market return. This study employed an exploratory sequential mixed methods approach along with Johansen and Julius Co-Integration and Granger Causality in explaining the Malaysia stock market return. The empirical analysis concluded that COVID-19 daily cases, COVID-19 recoveries rate, government policy and foreign exchange have had a long-term effect in explaining the Malaysia stock return. On the other hand, all the study variables, except for government policy indicated a short-term effect on the Malaysia stock return. This study will contribute significantly to the body of finance literature on the impact of a disease outbreak, with highlights on the considerations of investors on the global COVID-19 pandemic in illuminating the variation of Malaysia stock market returns. ","PeriodicalId":37591,"journal":{"name":"Journal of International Studies","volume":"114 32","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140986261","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jabbar Abdulrahman Qahar, Dr Azlin Hillaluddin, Dr Fatimah Ramli
Child marriage is an internationally recognised human rights issue that has been extensively studied by various Non-GovernmentalOrganisations and the United Nations. In response to this problem, many countries have implemented social policies aimed at addressing child marriage and several international treaties are dedicated to combatting it. This study focuses on examining the factors contributing to child marriage within refugee populations. The research methodology involved conducting in-depth interviews with ten young wives aged between 16 and 22, facilitating focus group discussions with their husbands and parents residing in Domiz Camps 1 and 2 in Kurdistan, as well as interviewing key informants who work in child protection services and social policy development. Thematic analysis was employed to identify prominent themes and subthemes based on the perspectives of participants. The research revealed that child marriage is driven by factors such as the need for safety, preservation of family honour, and economic challenges. Similar safety concerns were observed among Syrian refugees in this study, as well as in previous studies conducted on Jordanian refugees and Rohingya refugees in Bangladesh. This study takes a comprehensive approach by considering perspectives from young wives, their parents, husbands, and key informants when examining factors related to child marriage. Ultimately, the findings of this study will contribute to a deeper understanding of refugee issues and efforts towards protecting children’s rights within the refugee context.
{"title":"FACTORS CONTRIBUTING TO CHILD MARRIAGE AMONG SYRIAN REFUGEES IN DOMIZ CAMP-KURDISTAN-IRAQ","authors":"Jabbar Abdulrahman Qahar, Dr Azlin Hillaluddin, Dr Fatimah Ramli","doi":"10.32890/jis2024.20.1.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32890/jis2024.20.1.1","url":null,"abstract":"Child marriage is an internationally recognised human rights issue that has been extensively studied by various Non-GovernmentalOrganisations and the United Nations. In response to this problem, many countries have implemented social policies aimed at addressing child marriage and several international treaties are dedicated to combatting it. This study focuses on examining the factors contributing to child marriage within refugee populations. The research methodology involved conducting in-depth interviews with ten young wives aged between 16 and 22, facilitating focus group discussions with their husbands and parents residing in Domiz Camps 1 and 2 in Kurdistan, as well as interviewing key informants who work in child protection services and social policy development. Thematic analysis was employed to identify prominent themes and subthemes based on the perspectives of participants. The research revealed that child marriage is driven by factors such as the need for safety, preservation of family honour, and economic challenges. Similar safety concerns were observed among Syrian refugees in this study, as well as in previous studies conducted on Jordanian refugees and Rohingya refugees in Bangladesh. This study takes a comprehensive approach by considering perspectives from young wives, their parents, husbands, and key informants when examining factors related to child marriage. Ultimately, the findings of this study will contribute to a deeper understanding of refugee issues and efforts towards protecting children’s rights within the refugee context.","PeriodicalId":37591,"journal":{"name":"Journal of International Studies","volume":"107 37","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140986933","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The Indo-Pacific region has emerged as a significant global focal point due to the increasing influence exerted by China and the UnitedStates. In light of the dynamic nature of the global geopolitical landscape, Malaysia and Indonesia, as two prominent Southeast Asianstates, find themselves at the nexus of this competition. China and the United States are two regional superpowers which have strategically positioned themselves in the Indo-Pacific. A systematic literature review was conducted to examine the crucial role of Indonesia and Malaysia in the context of the escalating Sino-US strategic competition in the Indo-Pacific region. By focusing on research articles, books and reports, this work explored the policy and strategic outlook, methodological approaches and methods underpinning Indo-Pacific discourse in Indonesia and Malaysia. The methodology adopted for this review was systematic by following the seven stages suggested by Petticrew and Roberts (2008). This review’s findings indicated the diverse range of theories, methodologies, practical strategies, and approaches that scholars have employed in examining the roles of Indonesia and Malaysia in the Indo-Pacific region. Consequently, this paper broadens the scope for scholars by expounding upon the strategic outlook of Indonesia and Malaysia within the Indo-Pacific discourse, along with the various methodological and theoretical frameworks and conceptual models that may inform future research endeavours. This study was however, limited to gathering input from journal articles, books, book chapters, and reports, and excluding other sources such as conference papers and op-eds. Furthermore, thescope of studies accessed was limited to data available from 2013 to September 2023.
{"title":"SINO-US STRATEGIC COMPETITION IN THE INDO-PACIFIC: EXPLORING RESPONSES FROM MALAYSIA AND INDONESIA","authors":"Amna Khalid, Bakri Mat","doi":"10.32890/jis2024.20.1.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32890/jis2024.20.1.7","url":null,"abstract":"The Indo-Pacific region has emerged as a significant global focal point due to the increasing influence exerted by China and the UnitedStates. In light of the dynamic nature of the global geopolitical landscape, Malaysia and Indonesia, as two prominent Southeast Asianstates, find themselves at the nexus of this competition. China and the United States are two regional superpowers which have strategically positioned themselves in the Indo-Pacific. A systematic literature review was conducted to examine the crucial role of Indonesia and Malaysia in the context of the escalating Sino-US strategic competition in the Indo-Pacific region. By focusing on research articles, books and reports, this work explored the policy and strategic outlook, methodological approaches and methods underpinning Indo-Pacific discourse in Indonesia and Malaysia. The methodology adopted for this review was systematic by following the seven stages suggested by Petticrew and Roberts (2008). This review’s findings indicated the diverse range of theories, methodologies, practical strategies, and approaches that scholars have employed in examining the roles of Indonesia and Malaysia in the Indo-Pacific region. Consequently, this paper broadens the scope for scholars by expounding upon the strategic outlook of Indonesia and Malaysia within the Indo-Pacific discourse, along with the various methodological and theoretical frameworks and conceptual models that may inform future research endeavours. This study was however, limited to gathering input from journal articles, books, book chapters, and reports, and excluding other sources such as conference papers and op-eds. Furthermore, thescope of studies accessed was limited to data available from 2013 to September 2023.","PeriodicalId":37591,"journal":{"name":"Journal of International Studies","volume":"117 26","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140986450","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This exploratory, diachronic study compares the politics of Islamisation, which have undergone different patterns of developmentin both Nigeria and Malaysia. Islamisation is defined as an ideological translation of Islamism into policies to “Islamise” the state andsociety by expanding the scope of the application of Islamic laws and principles. Islamisation in Malaysia has been implemented steadily and progressively since the 1980s. It involves the “inculcation of Islamic values” in a wide range of aspects of society, including the economy. The Islamic penal code or hudud enactments were legislated in two states, but held in abeyance due to their unconstitutionality. In contrast, Nigeria observed the sudden and erratic implementation of hudud in 12 northern states in 1999, along with other bureaucratic adjustments. Adopting an interpretative case study approach of the comparative method of Arend Lijphart, we explain the two contrastive case studies of the ideological translation of Islamism by analysing the manner in which various political opportunities and structural constraints in the respective cases have shaped the Islamisation process. Data gathering was based on an extensive review of the related body of literature. Analysis was conducted using a social movement theoretical framework based on a structured, focused comparison. The dynamic conceptualisation of the state as a set of institutions, which is continually and dialectically reshaped by contentious processes, captures how the bureaucratisation and judicialisation of Islam have modified the nature of state structures and the structure of political opportunities, which in turn allows for additional channels of influence for Islamic activists.
{"title":"COMPARATIVE STUDY OF THE ISLAMISATION PROCESS IN MALAYSIA AND NIGERIA: A SOCIAL MOVEMENT THEORY APPROACH","authors":"Helen Mu Hung Ting, Tobi Angel Kolawole","doi":"10.32890/jis2024.20.1.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32890/jis2024.20.1.6","url":null,"abstract":"This exploratory, diachronic study compares the politics of Islamisation, which have undergone different patterns of developmentin both Nigeria and Malaysia. Islamisation is defined as an ideological translation of Islamism into policies to “Islamise” the state andsociety by expanding the scope of the application of Islamic laws and principles. Islamisation in Malaysia has been implemented steadily and progressively since the 1980s. It involves the “inculcation of Islamic values” in a wide range of aspects of society, including the economy. The Islamic penal code or hudud enactments were legislated in two states, but held in abeyance due to their unconstitutionality. In contrast, Nigeria observed the sudden and erratic implementation of hudud in 12 northern states in 1999, along with other bureaucratic adjustments. Adopting an interpretative case study approach of the comparative method of Arend Lijphart, we explain the two contrastive case studies of the ideological translation of Islamism by analysing the manner in which various political opportunities and structural constraints in the respective cases have shaped the Islamisation process. Data gathering was based on an extensive review of the related body of literature. Analysis was conducted using a social movement theoretical framework based on a structured, focused comparison. The dynamic conceptualisation of the state as a set of institutions, which is continually and dialectically reshaped by contentious processes, captures how the bureaucratisation and judicialisation of Islam have modified the nature of state structures and the structure of political opportunities, which in turn allows for additional channels of influence for Islamic activists.","PeriodicalId":37591,"journal":{"name":"Journal of International Studies","volume":"105 40","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140987115","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article considers the nature of Turkish-Greek relations, focusing on the question of how these should be characterized. This is animportant topic not only because there is a lack of a clear definition of the situation between the two countries in the literature, but also because providing a greater clarity of the issues about Turkish-Greek relations can assist in the long-term envisioning of a possible path that the two countries might take in the future. Employing a descriptive analysis, the article shows that a state of conflict rather than cooperation has determined the evolution of relations between Turkey and Greece. This sheds light on the intractable nature of the problems between the two countries, whether in Cyprus, the Aegean Sea, or the Eastern Mediterranean. The article concludes that Turkish-Greek relations are characterized by a historically grounded condition of fragile stability, with permanent tension and possible crisis prevailing, even if conflicts are frozen and war is not foreseen.
{"title":"TURKISH-GREEK RELATIONS: A FRAGILE STABILITY BETWEEN NEIGHBORS ON THE TWO SHORES OF THE AEGEAN SEA","authors":"Aslı Ege, Tülay Yıldırım Mat, Mehmet Bardakçı","doi":"10.32890/jis2024.20.1.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32890/jis2024.20.1.2","url":null,"abstract":"This article considers the nature of Turkish-Greek relations, focusing on the question of how these should be characterized. This is animportant topic not only because there is a lack of a clear definition of the situation between the two countries in the literature, but also because providing a greater clarity of the issues about Turkish-Greek relations can assist in the long-term envisioning of a possible path that the two countries might take in the future. Employing a descriptive analysis, the article shows that a state of conflict rather than cooperation has determined the evolution of relations between Turkey and Greece. This sheds light on the intractable nature of the problems between the two countries, whether in Cyprus, the Aegean Sea, or the Eastern Mediterranean. The article concludes that Turkish-Greek relations are characterized by a historically grounded condition of fragile stability, with permanent tension and possible crisis prevailing, even if conflicts are frozen and war is not foreseen.","PeriodicalId":37591,"journal":{"name":"Journal of International Studies","volume":"103 42","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140987238","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Endi Haryono, Abdullah Sumrahadi, Anak Agung Istri Ratu Masayu Narayani
This article described and analyzed the dilemma faced by ASEAN under its non-interference principle in managing the human rightsissues in Myanmar. The presence of that principle severely curtails ASEAN’s firm action to promote and protect human rights stronglybased on the ASEAN’s commitment written in the ASEAN Charter and the ASEAN Declaration of Human Rights (ADHR). This articleutilizes the qualitative research method supported by secondary data to provide an in-depth and comprehensive analysis. ASEAN’sprotection of human rights is reflected by its active conduct of regular discussions and engagements on human rights issues in the region, the adoption of the ADHR, and the establishment of the ASEAN Intergovernmental Commission on Human Rights (AICHR). Thehuman rights issues gained more attention in ASEAN in 1997 as the United States and European Union opposed the ASEAN decision toaccept Myanmar as a member on the grounds of the human rights violations record in Myanmar. The membership in ASEAN did notimprove the human rights record in Myanmar as ASEAN had hoped for. Myanmar embarked on other human rights violations, amongothers the Rohingya crisis (2012) and the military coup against the democratic government (2021) that sparked criticism from abroadand within ASEAN. This study concluded that the principle of noninterference has set the limit and curtailed ASEAN’s contributiontoward optimally addressing human rights violations in Myanmar. ASEAN may need in the future a new and comprehensive mechanism for addressing human rights violations. A stronger constructive engagement policy should be put in place to set a universal standard to protect human rights in the region.
{"title":"THE PRINCIPLE OF NON-INTERFERENCE CURTAILS ASEAN ACTION IN ADDRESSING HUMAN RIGHTS VIOLATION IN MYANMAR","authors":"Endi Haryono, Abdullah Sumrahadi, Anak Agung Istri Ratu Masayu Narayani","doi":"10.32890/jis2024.20.1.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32890/jis2024.20.1.9","url":null,"abstract":"This article described and analyzed the dilemma faced by ASEAN under its non-interference principle in managing the human rightsissues in Myanmar. The presence of that principle severely curtails ASEAN’s firm action to promote and protect human rights stronglybased on the ASEAN’s commitment written in the ASEAN Charter and the ASEAN Declaration of Human Rights (ADHR). This articleutilizes the qualitative research method supported by secondary data to provide an in-depth and comprehensive analysis. ASEAN’sprotection of human rights is reflected by its active conduct of regular discussions and engagements on human rights issues in the region, the adoption of the ADHR, and the establishment of the ASEAN Intergovernmental Commission on Human Rights (AICHR). Thehuman rights issues gained more attention in ASEAN in 1997 as the United States and European Union opposed the ASEAN decision toaccept Myanmar as a member on the grounds of the human rights violations record in Myanmar. The membership in ASEAN did notimprove the human rights record in Myanmar as ASEAN had hoped for. Myanmar embarked on other human rights violations, amongothers the Rohingya crisis (2012) and the military coup against the democratic government (2021) that sparked criticism from abroadand within ASEAN. This study concluded that the principle of noninterference has set the limit and curtailed ASEAN’s contributiontoward optimally addressing human rights violations in Myanmar. ASEAN may need in the future a new and comprehensive mechanism for addressing human rights violations. A stronger constructive engagement policy should be put in place to set a universal standard to protect human rights in the region. ","PeriodicalId":37591,"journal":{"name":"Journal of International Studies","volume":"110 35","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140986810","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：