The city of Callatis, founded by colonists of Heraclea Pontica, probably in the second half of the 6th century BC, experienced a special period of economic and urban development during the 4th century BC. With its resource-rich agricultural hinterland, the colony sustained a dynamic trade with important commercial centres (Heraclea, Sinope, Thasos, Rhodes etc.). During the second half of the 4th century BC, the local and regional context favoured the opening of a mint that initially struck silver (drachmas, half drachmas and quarter drachmas), then gold (staters) and silver (tetradrachms), as well as bronze coins of various iconographic types. Chronologically, Callatis is the second coin-issuing centre on the west coast of the Dobrudja after Istros. The presence, penetration and possible circulation of monetary issues from Callatis, during the 4th-1st centuries BC, can be traced step by step in different geographic areas, which closely correlate to the directions of trade developed by the colony in different chronological phases. What is noteworthy for the isolated discoveries is, during the fourth century, the widespread distribution of the bronze coins of the city, which are found in overwhelming proportions if we compare them with finds of Greek, Greek-native and native issues (particularly as regards the territory south of the Danube).
{"title":"The Mint Of Callatis In The Hellenistic Period. Stages And Possible Models Of Presence, Penetration And Possible Monetary Circulation In The Greco-Native Environment","authors":"G. Talmațchi","doi":"10.26485/aal/2019/65/9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26485/aal/2019/65/9","url":null,"abstract":"The city of Callatis, founded by colonists of Heraclea Pontica, probably in the second half of the 6th century BC, experienced a special period of economic and urban development during the 4th century BC. With its resource-rich agricultural hinterland, the colony sustained a dynamic trade with important commercial centres (Heraclea, Sinope, Thasos, Rhodes etc.). During the second half of the 4th century BC, the local and regional context favoured the opening of a mint that initially struck silver (drachmas, half drachmas and quarter drachmas), then gold (staters) and silver (tetradrachms), as well as bronze coins of various iconographic types. Chronologically, Callatis is the second coin-issuing centre on the west coast of the Dobrudja after Istros. The presence, penetration and possible circulation of monetary issues from Callatis, during the 4th-1st centuries BC, can be traced step by step in different geographic areas, which closely correlate to the directions of trade developed by the colony in different chronological phases. What is noteworthy for the isolated discoveries is, during the fourth century, the widespread distribution of the bronze coins of the city, which are found in overwhelming proportions if we compare them with finds of Greek, Greek-native and native issues (particularly as regards the territory south of the Danube).","PeriodicalId":37616,"journal":{"name":"Acta Archaeologica Lodziensia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45598723","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The article is devoted to the battlefield burial tumuli which are to be encountered in cuneiform texts under Sumerian SAḪAR.DU6.TAG4, DU6.SAR ĜAR, KI.GAL. It is believed that their Akkadian equivalents are bērūtum, damtum and gurunnu respectively, however it needs to be stressed, that this not certain. Since those peculiar structures have been an object of ongoing debate, the present study tries to change the trajectory of recent research and focus primarily on their physical features which have never been studied in detail before. The proposed reconstruction is based on scarce cuneiform documents and iconography known from the famous Stele of the Vultures as well as the so called ‘Standard’ of Ur. The present study deals with a battlefield barrows heaped up with the corpses of own fallen warriors in opposition to a similar structures composed of the corpses of defeated enemies, intentionally unprotected, in order to expose their bodies to outrage. The author gives an overview of the bērūtum architecture, pointing out that the structures mentioned might have been provided with a special drainage system, one comparable to the libation pipes (a-pap/a-pa4), which played an important role in the cult of the deceased in Sumerian culture.
{"title":"Let’s Pile Up Some Corpses And Pour Out A Libation – A Reconstruction Of IIIrd Millennium BC Battlefield Burial Tumulus In Ancient Mesopotamia","authors":"Marcin Z. Paszke","doi":"10.26485/aal/2019/65/3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26485/aal/2019/65/3","url":null,"abstract":"The article is devoted to the battlefield burial tumuli which are to be encountered in cuneiform texts under Sumerian SAḪAR.DU6.TAG4, DU6.SAR ĜAR, KI.GAL. It is believed that their Akkadian equivalents are bērūtum, damtum and gurunnu respectively, however it needs to be stressed, that this not certain. Since those peculiar structures have been an object of ongoing debate, the present study tries to change the trajectory of recent research and focus primarily on their physical features which have never been studied in detail before. The proposed reconstruction is based on scarce cuneiform documents and iconography known from the famous Stele of the Vultures as well as the so called ‘Standard’ of Ur. The present study deals with a battlefield barrows heaped up with the corpses of own fallen warriors in opposition to a similar structures composed of the corpses of defeated enemies, intentionally unprotected, in order to expose their bodies to outrage. The author gives an overview of the bērūtum architecture, pointing out that the structures mentioned might have been provided with a special drainage system, one comparable to the libation pipes (a-pap/a-pa4), which played an important role in the cult of the deceased in Sumerian culture.","PeriodicalId":37616,"journal":{"name":"Acta Archaeologica Lodziensia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44558613","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Assyria’s growing power in the 1st millennium BCE led to an increase in its tribute demands addressed at Levantine cities; as a result, a need arose to intensify and expand further west the search for precious metals. Assyrian military and economic pressure mobilized the Phoenicians to expand their trade zone beyond the regional scale and to become the suppliers of basic resources to a vast empire. This can be seen in the Dodecanese. Rhodes but also Cos played an important part in that network of contacts and connections between the Aegean and the Near East, as is emphatically indicated by the artefacts found, especially those dating to late 8th and 7th centuries BCE. Due to its special geographic location, the island became a go-between and stopping point for the trade travelling from the eastern Mediterranean to Cyprus and mainland Greece. Objects dedicated in the sanctuaries at Ialysos, Kameiros, and Lindos attest to far-away Near-Eastern contacts. In this context, a large number of silver hoards have been attested in the southern Levant between the 10th-6th centuries BCE. The hoards contained, in varying proportions, silver ingots, nuggets, scrap metal, and small jewellery items, however, the silver itself originated from the territories of Greece (mostly Laurion), southern Anatolia and from Iberian sources.
{"title":"Trade in the Mediterranean Basin between the 8th and 6th century BCE, with Emphasis on the Dodecanese","authors":"A. Jankowska","doi":"10.26485/aal/2019/65/8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26485/aal/2019/65/8","url":null,"abstract":"Assyria’s growing power in the 1st millennium BCE led to an increase in its tribute demands addressed at Levantine cities; as a result, a need arose to intensify and expand further west the search for precious metals. Assyrian military and economic pressure mobilized the Phoenicians to expand their trade zone beyond the regional scale and to become the suppliers of basic resources to a vast empire. This can be seen in the Dodecanese. Rhodes but also Cos played an important part in that network of contacts and connections between the Aegean and the Near East, as is emphatically indicated by the artefacts found, especially those dating to late 8th and 7th centuries BCE. Due to its special geographic location, the island became a go-between and stopping point for the trade travelling from the eastern Mediterranean to Cyprus and mainland Greece. Objects dedicated in the sanctuaries at Ialysos, Kameiros, and Lindos attest to far-away Near-Eastern contacts. In this context, a large number of silver hoards have been attested in the southern Levant between the 10th-6th centuries BCE. The hoards contained, in varying proportions, silver ingots, nuggets, scrap metal, and small jewellery items, however, the silver itself originated from the territories of Greece (mostly Laurion), southern Anatolia and from Iberian sources.","PeriodicalId":37616,"journal":{"name":"Acta Archaeologica Lodziensia","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69337915","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ORIGINAL TITLE: Клад ольвийских монет «борисфенов», найденный в Городищенском районе Черкасской области весной 2018 года In April 2018 an assemblage of Olbian bronze coins of Borysthenes type was found not far from the town Gorodishche, region Cherkassy, Ukraine. 52 coins were described. In opinion of authors the assemblage should be treated as the hoard.
2018年4月，在乌克兰切尔卡西地区Gorodishche镇发现了Olbian Bronze Coins of Borysthenes Type。52 coins were described. In opinion of authors the assemblage should be treated as the hoard.
{"title":"Hoard Of Olbian Coins Of ‘Borysthenes’ Type Found At Spring 2018 In The Region Of Gorodishche Town, Oblast Cherkassy, Ukraine","authors":"Василий Орлик, Виктор Коцур, Лилия Цыганенко","doi":"10.26485/aal/2019/65/4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26485/aal/2019/65/4","url":null,"abstract":"ORIGINAL TITLE: Клад ольвийских монет «борисфенов», найденный в Городищенском районе Черкасской области весной 2018 года \u0000In April 2018 an assemblage of Olbian bronze coins of Borysthenes type was found not far from the town Gorodishche, region Cherkassy, Ukraine. 52 coins were described. In opinion of authors the assemblage should be treated as the hoard.","PeriodicalId":37616,"journal":{"name":"Acta Archaeologica Lodziensia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46696249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The paper deals with the three most important thermal springs in ancient Dacia, on which part of the religious life of the province centred. The available source material makes it possible to determine which deities received the most worship among the visitors enjoying the pleasures of Ad Mediam, Ad Aquas, and Germisara. The collected sources also let us find out what groups of the province’s inhabitants were treated in those extremely popular centres, referred to by many researchers as ancient spa resorts.
本文论述了古代达契亚三个最重要的温泉，它们是该省部分宗教生活的中心。现有的原始资料使我们有可能确定哪些神在享受Ad Mediam, Ad Aquas和Germisara的乐趣的游客中受到最多的崇拜。收集到的资料还让我们了解了该省哪些居民在那些非常受欢迎的中心接受了治疗，这些中心被许多研究人员称为古代水疗胜地。
{"title":"Religious life surrounding three thermal springs in ancient Dacia","authors":"Adam Jakub Jarych","doi":"10.26485/aal/2019/65/2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26485/aal/2019/65/2","url":null,"abstract":"The paper deals with the three most important thermal springs in ancient Dacia, on which part of the religious life of the province centred. The available source material makes it possible to determine which deities received the most worship among the visitors enjoying the pleasures of Ad Mediam, Ad Aquas, and Germisara. The collected sources also let us find out what groups of the province’s inhabitants were treated in those extremely popular centres, referred to by many researchers as ancient spa resorts.","PeriodicalId":37616,"journal":{"name":"Acta Archaeologica Lodziensia","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69337908","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Weight Structure Of Roman Denarii, 138-161","authors":"","doi":"10.26485/aal/2019/65/11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26485/aal/2019/65/11","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":37616,"journal":{"name":"Acta Archaeologica Lodziensia","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69337901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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