Pub Date : 2023-03-01DOI: 10.32598/irj.21.1.1692.1
E. Balakireva, Y. Kovalenko, Oksana G. Begina, Evgenia A. Tempelin, Tatiana A. Kryuchkova
Objectives: This study was done to assess the spread of bad habits among juvenile convicts and determine the motives for use and the consequences of addiction. Methods: This study was descriptive and carried out at the Federal State Healthcare Institution. The study group included 106 adolescents aged 14 to 19 years. Sample selection was based on a multi-stage sampling method. The research tool was a questionnaire and changes were made according to the study population it covered all the important aspects of the concept being measured. To analyze data, SPSS software, versio16 was utilized. Results: A total of 92 convicts out of 106 had bad habits. Drugs were taken by 30 adolescents, alcohol use was reported by 72 teenagers, and nine teenagers were smokers. Ten adolescents who took surfactants were registered with the narcologist. Twenty convicts were treated by psychiatrists. Most of the convicts using various psychoactive substances experienced serious learning difficulties and 17 teenagers had aggravated heredity in alcoholism and drug addiction. Discussion: Adolescents admitted to penitentiary institutions are characterized by a significant increase in harmful addictions, which subsequently affect their mental and somatic health and contribute to the formation of an asocial personality.
{"title":"Prevalence of Bad Habits Among Juvenile Convicts","authors":"E. Balakireva, Y. Kovalenko, Oksana G. Begina, Evgenia A. Tempelin, Tatiana A. Kryuchkova","doi":"10.32598/irj.21.1.1692.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32598/irj.21.1.1692.1","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: This study was done to assess the spread of bad habits among juvenile convicts and determine the motives for use and the consequences of addiction. Methods: This study was descriptive and carried out at the Federal State Healthcare Institution. The study group included 106 adolescents aged 14 to 19 years. Sample selection was based on a multi-stage sampling method. The research tool was a questionnaire and changes were made according to the study population it covered all the important aspects of the concept being measured. To analyze data, SPSS software, versio16 was utilized. Results: A total of 92 convicts out of 106 had bad habits. Drugs were taken by 30 adolescents, alcohol use was reported by 72 teenagers, and nine teenagers were smokers. Ten adolescents who took surfactants were registered with the narcologist. Twenty convicts were treated by psychiatrists. Most of the convicts using various psychoactive substances experienced serious learning difficulties and 17 teenagers had aggravated heredity in alcoholism and drug addiction. Discussion: Adolescents admitted to penitentiary institutions are characterized by a significant increase in harmful addictions, which subsequently affect their mental and somatic health and contribute to the formation of an asocial personality.","PeriodicalId":37644,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Rehabilitation Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46443047","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-01DOI: 10.32598/irj.20.3.1622.1
Ersa Lanang Sanjaya, Dewi Retno Suminar, N. Fardana
Objectives: The involvement of parents in raising children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is crucial for both the child’s development and family functioning. However, studies relating to parental involvement in parenting children with ASD mainly focus on the mother’s perspective, resulting in a lack of understanding of the father’s role. On the other hand, the father involvement in parenting plays a vital role in children, partners, and family dynamics. Methods: The current research is a literature review utilizing a database called Scopus. The main objectives of the paper are to examine predictors of father involvement in parenting children with ASD and to provide an overview of fathers’ experiences in raising children with ASD. Results: A total of 100 articles were found. After the screening and review process, 21 articles were included in the main review. The literature review found that studies relating to father involvement in parenting children with ASD are dominated by research on the impacts on parents and descriptions of fathers’ experiences raising children with ASD. Discussion: Therefore, it is necessary to conduct studies on the predictors of father involvement in parenting children with ASD. In addition, the majority of studies on the parenting of fathers of children with ASD examine the issue from a Western perspective, thus necessitating broader studies. The research limitations are outlined in the article.
{"title":"Fathers of Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder: Literature Review","authors":"Ersa Lanang Sanjaya, Dewi Retno Suminar, N. Fardana","doi":"10.32598/irj.20.3.1622.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32598/irj.20.3.1622.1","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: The involvement of parents in raising children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is crucial for both the child’s development and family functioning. However, studies relating to parental involvement in parenting children with ASD mainly focus on the mother’s perspective, resulting in a lack of understanding of the father’s role. On the other hand, the father involvement in parenting plays a vital role in children, partners, and family dynamics. Methods: The current research is a literature review utilizing a database called Scopus. The main objectives of the paper are to examine predictors of father involvement in parenting children with ASD and to provide an overview of fathers’ experiences in raising children with ASD. Results: A total of 100 articles were found. After the screening and review process, 21 articles were included in the main review. The literature review found that studies relating to father involvement in parenting children with ASD are dominated by research on the impacts on parents and descriptions of fathers’ experiences raising children with ASD. Discussion: Therefore, it is necessary to conduct studies on the predictors of father involvement in parenting children with ASD. In addition, the majority of studies on the parenting of fathers of children with ASD examine the issue from a Western perspective, thus necessitating broader studies. The research limitations are outlined in the article.","PeriodicalId":37644,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Rehabilitation Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47183476","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mona Siminghalam, H. Alibakhshi, Jalal Bakhtiyari, M. Salmani, Younes Doostian
Objectives: The accuracy of diagnosis in mental disorders, such as depression is the basis of correct treatment. The present study aimed to investigate the sensitivity and specificity of the new multidimensional depression scale in diagnosing depressive disorder. Methods: Two groups of participants were assessed by the new multidimensional depression scale (NMDS) and structured clinical interview for axis i disorders (SCID-I). The experimental group included 55 outpatientswith major depressive disorder selected via the convenience sampling method. The control group included 95 university students recruited via a multi-stage cluster sampling method. Data were analyzed by receiver operating characteristics (ROC) analysis to achieve the cut-off score. Results: Based on the results of the ROC analysis, the cutoff score of 106 was the intersection of the two sensitivity and specificity indices, where these two indices have an optimal relationship. This score simultaneously provided the lowest number of false positives and false negatives compared to other scores. Discussion: It can be acknowledged that the present study supports the clinical efficacy of the new multidimensional depression scale as a screening instrument for diagnosing depressive disorder.
{"title":"Investigation of the Sensitivity and Specificity of the Persian Version of the New Multidimensional Depression Scale in Diagnosing Depressive Disorder","authors":"Mona Siminghalam, H. Alibakhshi, Jalal Bakhtiyari, M. Salmani, Younes Doostian","doi":"10.32598/irj.20.3.904.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32598/irj.20.3.904.2","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: The accuracy of diagnosis in mental disorders, such as depression is the basis of correct treatment. The present study aimed to investigate the sensitivity and specificity of the new multidimensional depression scale in diagnosing depressive disorder. Methods: Two groups of participants were assessed by the new multidimensional depression scale (NMDS) and structured clinical interview for axis i disorders (SCID-I). The experimental group included 55 outpatientswith major depressive disorder selected via the convenience sampling method. The control group included 95 university students recruited via a multi-stage cluster sampling method. Data were analyzed by receiver operating characteristics (ROC) analysis to achieve the cut-off score. Results: Based on the results of the ROC analysis, the cutoff score of 106 was the intersection of the two sensitivity and specificity indices, where these two indices have an optimal relationship. This score simultaneously provided the lowest number of false positives and false negatives compared to other scores. Discussion: It can be acknowledged that the present study supports the clinical efficacy of the new multidimensional depression scale as a screening instrument for diagnosing depressive disorder.","PeriodicalId":37644,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Rehabilitation Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44420075","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-01DOI: 10.32598/irj.20.3.1335.6
S. Muhammad, Aqeel Ahmed Khan, M. Kamran, Ejaz Asghar, G. Saqulain, M. I. Khan, Shoukat Hayat
Objectives: To determine the prevalence of androgenic anabolic steroids (AAS) use among bodybuilders in different cities of Pakistan. Methods: This cross-sectional study recruited 380 bodybuilders utilizing convenience sampling from different cities of Pakistan, including Karachi, Lahore, Multan, Quetta, Peshawar, Faisalabad, Rawalpindi, and Islamabad. The study was conducted over a period of 6 months from January 2019 to June 2019. The sample included male bodybuilders aged 18 to 50 years. The basic demographic sheet and a self-designed form were used to collect data. SPSS software v. 21 was utilized for statistical analysis. The chi-square test was used to observe any relationship with P<0.05 as significant. Results: The current study showed a prevalence of 109 (28.68%) AAS use in bodybuilders with testosterone being most commonly used. A total of 54 people (49.5%) used self-administration, 38 people (34.9%) used it for the short-term while 27 people (24.8%) used it in long-term. Bodybuilders were mostly inspired by peers 73 (67%) and encouraged by coaches 62 (56.9%) to use AAS. Regarding knowledge of AAS, its usage, benefits, and side effects, the majority (89%) had little or no knowledge. Conclusion: The study concludes that the use of AAS is quite prevalent among bodybuilders in Pakistan with 28.68% of AAS mainly using testosterone preparation, and bodybuilders of age 20 to 40 mainly consuming AAS. Peers were the main inspiration for most (67%) and encouraged by their coaches to use AAS (56.9%).
目的:了解巴基斯坦不同城市健美运动员中雄激素合成代谢类固醇(AAS)的使用情况。方法:本横断面研究采用方便抽样方法，从巴基斯坦不同城市，包括卡拉奇、拉合尔、木尔坦、奎达、白沙瓦、费萨拉巴德、拉瓦尔品第和伊斯兰堡，招募了380名健美运动员。该研究在2019年1月至2019年6月的6个月期间进行。样本包括年龄在18到50岁之间的男性健美运动员。使用基本人口统计表和自行设计的表格收集数据。采用SPSS v. 21软件进行统计分析。采用卡方检验，P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。结果:目前的研究显示，109(28.68%)的AAS在健美运动员中使用，睾酮是最常用的。自行用药的有54人(49.5%)，短期用药的有38人(34.9%)，长期用药的有27人(24.8%)。健身者使用AAS主要是受到同伴(73人)(67%)和教练(62人)(56.9%)的鼓励。关于AAS的知识、用法、益处和副作用，大多数(89%)知之甚少或一无所知。结论:本研究得出巴基斯坦健美运动员使用AAS的情况较为普遍，28.68%的健美运动员主要使用睾酮制剂，20 ~ 40岁的健美运动员主要使用AAS。同伴是大多数人(67%)的主要灵感来源，教练鼓励他们使用AAS(56.9%)。
{"title":"Androgenic Anabolic Steroids Use in Pakistan From the Perspective of Bodybuilders","authors":"S. Muhammad, Aqeel Ahmed Khan, M. Kamran, Ejaz Asghar, G. Saqulain, M. I. Khan, Shoukat Hayat","doi":"10.32598/irj.20.3.1335.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32598/irj.20.3.1335.6","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: To determine the prevalence of androgenic anabolic steroids (AAS) use among bodybuilders in different cities of Pakistan. Methods: This cross-sectional study recruited 380 bodybuilders utilizing convenience sampling from different cities of Pakistan, including Karachi, Lahore, Multan, Quetta, Peshawar, Faisalabad, Rawalpindi, and Islamabad. The study was conducted over a period of 6 months from January 2019 to June 2019. The sample included male bodybuilders aged 18 to 50 years. The basic demographic sheet and a self-designed form were used to collect data. SPSS software v. 21 was utilized for statistical analysis. The chi-square test was used to observe any relationship with P<0.05 as significant. Results: The current study showed a prevalence of 109 (28.68%) AAS use in bodybuilders with testosterone being most commonly used. A total of 54 people (49.5%) used self-administration, 38 people (34.9%) used it for the short-term while 27 people (24.8%) used it in long-term. Bodybuilders were mostly inspired by peers 73 (67%) and encouraged by coaches 62 (56.9%) to use AAS. Regarding knowledge of AAS, its usage, benefits, and side effects, the majority (89%) had little or no knowledge. Conclusion: The study concludes that the use of AAS is quite prevalent among bodybuilders in Pakistan with 28.68% of AAS mainly using testosterone preparation, and bodybuilders of age 20 to 40 mainly consuming AAS. Peers were the main inspiration for most (67%) and encouraged by their coaches to use AAS (56.9%).","PeriodicalId":37644,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Rehabilitation Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45050472","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-01DOI: 10.32598/irj.20.3.1655.1
Seher Satar, Ipek Candemir, P. Ergun
Objectives: Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is characterized by progressively worsening lung function, ventilation capacity, dyspnea, and finally reduced exercise intolerance. All of these have a significant negative impact on functional capacity and quality of life. In this study, we aim to evaluate the effects of pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) in IPF and assess the predictors of success. Methods: Data from 17 IPF patients who completed the program from the total of 27 patients who applied to PR were used in our study. We evaluated their pulmonary function tests, exercise capacity, peripheral-respiratory muscle strength, body composition, quality of life, and psychological states before and after PR. Results: Following the PR program, improvements over the minimal clinically important differences were observed in almost all parameters compared to the baseline; however, statistically significant improvements were only observed in the medical research council (P=0.020), the St. George respiratory questionnaire (P=0.002), the maximal inspiratory pressure (P=0.024), the anxiety score (P=0.001), the depression score (P=0.002), and the right quadriceps muscle strength (P=0.046). There was only a statistically significant negative correlation between the initial forced vital capacity and the forced expiratory volume in one-second value with the increase in patients’ maximal inspiratory pressure values after PR. Discussion: After a multidisciplinary, comprehensive PR program, dyspnea sensation, exercise capacity, endurance time, quality of life, respiratory and peripheral muscle strengths, and psychological status were improved regardless of age, gender, antifibrotic treatment, and comorbidities. Therefore, patients should be referred to PR units before the deterioration in the quality of life in the early stages of the disease.
{"title":"Pulmonary Rehabilitation in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis: A Chance for a Multidisciplinary Treatment Approach","authors":"Seher Satar, Ipek Candemir, P. Ergun","doi":"10.32598/irj.20.3.1655.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32598/irj.20.3.1655.1","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is characterized by progressively worsening lung function, ventilation capacity, dyspnea, and finally reduced exercise intolerance. All of these have a significant negative impact on functional capacity and quality of life. In this study, we aim to evaluate the effects of pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) in IPF and assess the predictors of success. Methods: Data from 17 IPF patients who completed the program from the total of 27 patients who applied to PR were used in our study. We evaluated their pulmonary function tests, exercise capacity, peripheral-respiratory muscle strength, body composition, quality of life, and psychological states before and after PR. Results: Following the PR program, improvements over the minimal clinically important differences were observed in almost all parameters compared to the baseline; however, statistically significant improvements were only observed in the medical research council (P=0.020), the St. George respiratory questionnaire (P=0.002), the maximal inspiratory pressure (P=0.024), the anxiety score (P=0.001), the depression score (P=0.002), and the right quadriceps muscle strength (P=0.046). There was only a statistically significant negative correlation between the initial forced vital capacity and the forced expiratory volume in one-second value with the increase in patients’ maximal inspiratory pressure values after PR. Discussion: After a multidisciplinary, comprehensive PR program, dyspnea sensation, exercise capacity, endurance time, quality of life, respiratory and peripheral muscle strengths, and psychological status were improved regardless of age, gender, antifibrotic treatment, and comorbidities. Therefore, patients should be referred to PR units before the deterioration in the quality of life in the early stages of the disease.","PeriodicalId":37644,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Rehabilitation Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42947723","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-01DOI: 10.32598/irj.20.3.1631.1
Malihe Kabusi, P. Sepehr, Mohsen Poursadeghian, Zahra Zamani, H. Tahghighi, A. salehi sahlabadi, Maryam Ebrahimpour Roodposhti, Zahra Shafiei, N. Amanat, M. Eshaghzadeh
Objectives: The COVID-19 pandemic exposed healthcare workers to heavy stress and made them vulnerable to various types of mental illnesses. This study aims to evaluate the psychological effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on the mental health of healthcare workers in the COVID-19 ward. Methods: This study was performed during the first peak of the COVID-19 pandemic in 9-Dey Hospital of Torbat Heydarieh in Iran, in which a total of 178 healthcare workers in the COVID-19 ward participated via the census sampling method. In this study, we employed the Goldberg general health questionnaire along with a researcher-made questionnaire on the experience of exposure to COVID-19 disease. Following the completion of the questionnaires, the participants’ data were analyzed by the SPSS software and statistical tests (the Spearman and Pearson correlations). Results: Our results showed 91.1%, 77.57%, 87.55%, 87.07%, 56.75%, and 74.16% for the general health, physical symptoms, anxiety symptoms, sleep disorders, social dysfunction, and depression symptoms, respectively, during the COVID-19 pandemic conditions. The results showed a significant association between the experience of exposure to COVID-19, anxiety symptoms, and sleep disorders (P<0.05). Discussion: Access to counseling and psychotherapy systems, rehabilitation, and the improvement of working conditions can effectively enhance resilience and promote the mental health of healthcare workers and increase the quality of care and treatment services.
{"title":"Psychological Effects of the Outbreak of COVID-19 on the Mental Health of Healthcare Workers in Iran","authors":"Malihe Kabusi, P. Sepehr, Mohsen Poursadeghian, Zahra Zamani, H. Tahghighi, A. salehi sahlabadi, Maryam Ebrahimpour Roodposhti, Zahra Shafiei, N. Amanat, M. Eshaghzadeh","doi":"10.32598/irj.20.3.1631.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32598/irj.20.3.1631.1","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: The COVID-19 pandemic exposed healthcare workers to heavy stress and made them vulnerable to various types of mental illnesses. This study aims to evaluate the psychological effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on the mental health of healthcare workers in the COVID-19 ward. Methods: This study was performed during the first peak of the COVID-19 pandemic in 9-Dey Hospital of Torbat Heydarieh in Iran, in which a total of 178 healthcare workers in the COVID-19 ward participated via the census sampling method. In this study, we employed the Goldberg general health questionnaire along with a researcher-made questionnaire on the experience of exposure to COVID-19 disease. Following the completion of the questionnaires, the participants’ data were analyzed by the SPSS software and statistical tests (the Spearman and Pearson correlations). Results: Our results showed 91.1%, 77.57%, 87.55%, 87.07%, 56.75%, and 74.16% for the general health, physical symptoms, anxiety symptoms, sleep disorders, social dysfunction, and depression symptoms, respectively, during the COVID-19 pandemic conditions. The results showed a significant association between the experience of exposure to COVID-19, anxiety symptoms, and sleep disorders (P<0.05). Discussion: Access to counseling and psychotherapy systems, rehabilitation, and the improvement of working conditions can effectively enhance resilience and promote the mental health of healthcare workers and increase the quality of care and treatment services.","PeriodicalId":37644,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Rehabilitation Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45162996","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-01DOI: 10.32598/irj.20.3.1667.1
A. Nesayan
Objectives: Sensory processing patterns refer to a person’s ability to receive and respond to sensory events which are important to succeed in daily routine activities. This study aims to determine the sensory processing patterns in infants/toddlers. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study. A total of 518 infants/toddlers participated in this study. Their ages ranged from birth to 36 months. Parents completed the infant/toddler sensory profile for all participants. Results: No significant difference was observed between girls and boys in sensory processing from birth to 6 months; however, there is a significant difference between girls and boys in low registration, sensory sensitivity, and sensory avoidance from 7-36 months. In addition, no significant difference was detected between children born by cesarean and those born through natural childbirth in terms of sensory processing (quadrants and scores) from birth to 6 months and 7-36 months. There is a significant difference between preterm and full-term children (birth to 6 months) in auditory processing. The findings also indicate only a significant difference in oral sensory processing between the preterm and full-term children (7-36 months). Discussion: We discussed sensory processing patterns in children and their differences based on different factors. The results of this study can provide considerations for Iranian occupational therapists and psychologists.
{"title":"Sensory Profile in Infant/Toddler: Birth to 36 Months","authors":"A. Nesayan","doi":"10.32598/irj.20.3.1667.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32598/irj.20.3.1667.1","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: Sensory processing patterns refer to a person’s ability to receive and respond to sensory events which are important to succeed in daily routine activities. This study aims to determine the sensory processing patterns in infants/toddlers. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study. A total of 518 infants/toddlers participated in this study. Their ages ranged from birth to 36 months. Parents completed the infant/toddler sensory profile for all participants. Results: No significant difference was observed between girls and boys in sensory processing from birth to 6 months; however, there is a significant difference between girls and boys in low registration, sensory sensitivity, and sensory avoidance from 7-36 months. In addition, no significant difference was detected between children born by cesarean and those born through natural childbirth in terms of sensory processing (quadrants and scores) from birth to 6 months and 7-36 months. There is a significant difference between preterm and full-term children (birth to 6 months) in auditory processing. The findings also indicate only a significant difference in oral sensory processing between the preterm and full-term children (7-36 months). Discussion: We discussed sensory processing patterns in children and their differences based on different factors. The results of this study can provide considerations for Iranian occupational therapists and psychologists.","PeriodicalId":37644,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Rehabilitation Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42708678","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-01DOI: 10.32598/irj.20.3.1656.1
Mohadese Gholamiyan Arefi, Sediqe Safaeyan, H. Ghaemi, Ghazaleh Balouchian, Mohaddeseh Dabirian, Moones Rezaei, Leila Ezazi, H. Heidarian miri, D. Sobhani-Rad
Objectives: Investigating the prevalence of speech and language disorders and the contributing factors can help determine the best treatment options suited to the needs of these patients. So far, no comprehensive study has been conducted on screening speech and reading disorders and Problems in the Structure and Function of Articulation Organs (PSFAOs) in children in Mashhad City, Iran. This study aims to screen for these disorders and investigate the effects of demographic factors on such disorders. Methods: Via the stratified-cluster sampling method, 2770 native Persian-speaking children participated in this study, of whom 1381 were girls and 1389 were boys, ranging from preschool to the third grade (3 to 9 years old). After obtaining the demographic information, the PSFAOs screening was performed for all participants using a semi-structured questionnaire taken from Paul et al.’s report (2017). Screening for a grade of dysphonia was then carried out for children with suspected voice disorders using the grade, roughness, breathiness, asthenia, and strain test. Fluency of speech screening for children with suspected fluency disorders was performed using the stuttering severity instrument – fourth edition test, and screening of reading skills for school children was performed using the screening inventory reading test. Analytical analysis was performed via the Chi-square test between study variables, including disorders and other variables. Two types of logistic regression models were used. The data were analyzed using survey data analysis of the Stata software, version 14.1, and P<0.05 was considered significant. Results: The prevalence of articulation disorders, voice disorders, stuttering, PSFAOs, reading disorders, and multiple disorders (presence of two or more disorders per person) was 1.62%, 1.99%, 1.69%, 1.1%, 8.21%, and 14.89%, respectively. Descriptive analysis showed that the prevalence of articulation disorders, voice disorders, stuttering, and multiple disorders was higher in boys compared to girls (P=0.000), while the prevalence of reading disorders and PSFAOs was higher in girls (P=0.000). Furthermore, articulation disorders and reading disorders were more common in first-graders. The prevalence of voice disorders, stuttering, and PSFAOs were higher in the third graders. The logistic regression analysis showed that boys were more likely to develop speech and language disorders compared to girls (OR=1.3, P=0.01), and first-, second-, and third-graders were less likely to have such disorders when compared to preschoolers (OR=0.8, P=0.03). Discussion: Compared to previous studies, the different rates of prevalence of the disorders studied in this investigation are related to differences in their methodology, the number of samples, age, linguistic and cultural characteristics of the subjects, and individual factors. In this study, the prevalence of the studied disorders was higher in boys, first-graders, and children with families of 4
{"title":"Speech and Reading Disorders Screening, and Problems in Structure and Function of Articulation Organs in Children in Mashhad City, Iran","authors":"Mohadese Gholamiyan Arefi, Sediqe Safaeyan, H. Ghaemi, Ghazaleh Balouchian, Mohaddeseh Dabirian, Moones Rezaei, Leila Ezazi, H. Heidarian miri, D. Sobhani-Rad","doi":"10.32598/irj.20.3.1656.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32598/irj.20.3.1656.1","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: Investigating the prevalence of speech and language disorders and the contributing factors can help determine the best treatment options suited to the needs of these patients. So far, no comprehensive study has been conducted on screening speech and reading disorders and Problems in the Structure and Function of Articulation Organs (PSFAOs) in children in Mashhad City, Iran. This study aims to screen for these disorders and investigate the effects of demographic factors on such disorders. Methods: Via the stratified-cluster sampling method, 2770 native Persian-speaking children participated in this study, of whom 1381 were girls and 1389 were boys, ranging from preschool to the third grade (3 to 9 years old). After obtaining the demographic information, the PSFAOs screening was performed for all participants using a semi-structured questionnaire taken from Paul et al.’s report (2017). Screening for a grade of dysphonia was then carried out for children with suspected voice disorders using the grade, roughness, breathiness, asthenia, and strain test. Fluency of speech screening for children with suspected fluency disorders was performed using the stuttering severity instrument – fourth edition test, and screening of reading skills for school children was performed using the screening inventory reading test. Analytical analysis was performed via the Chi-square test between study variables, including disorders and other variables. Two types of logistic regression models were used. The data were analyzed using survey data analysis of the Stata software, version 14.1, and P<0.05 was considered significant. Results: The prevalence of articulation disorders, voice disorders, stuttering, PSFAOs, reading disorders, and multiple disorders (presence of two or more disorders per person) was 1.62%, 1.99%, 1.69%, 1.1%, 8.21%, and 14.89%, respectively. Descriptive analysis showed that the prevalence of articulation disorders, voice disorders, stuttering, and multiple disorders was higher in boys compared to girls (P=0.000), while the prevalence of reading disorders and PSFAOs was higher in girls (P=0.000). Furthermore, articulation disorders and reading disorders were more common in first-graders. The prevalence of voice disorders, stuttering, and PSFAOs were higher in the third graders. The logistic regression analysis showed that boys were more likely to develop speech and language disorders compared to girls (OR=1.3, P=0.01), and first-, second-, and third-graders were less likely to have such disorders when compared to preschoolers (OR=0.8, P=0.03). Discussion: Compared to previous studies, the different rates of prevalence of the disorders studied in this investigation are related to differences in their methodology, the number of samples, age, linguistic and cultural characteristics of the subjects, and individual factors. In this study, the prevalence of the studied disorders was higher in boys, first-graders, and children with families of 4 ","PeriodicalId":37644,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Rehabilitation Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45097018","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-01DOI: 10.32598/irj.20.3.1644.1
Mohammad Esmaeilzadeh Ashini, S. Nasri, Aboutaleb Seadatee Shamir
Objectives: There are several predictor variables for speech anxiety (SA) among students. Affective balance (AB) and social intelligence (SI) are two main factors in this field. In this study, we assess the mediating role of consequence expectation (CE) among these variables. Accordingly, this study aims to explore a model of the relationships between AB, SI, and SA mediated by CE among teacher-training students of Farhangian University. Methods: This was a descriptive-correlational study and the population included students of teacher-education courses at the Farhangian University in Kerman Province, Iran, in the 2020-2021 academic year. The sample included 740 participants who were selected via the cluster sampling method. They completed the speech anxiety thoughts inventory, the Bradburn scale of psychological well-being (1969), the social intelligence questionnaire, and the personal outcome expectancy scale. Results: The results showed that the model of explaining AB, SI, and SA through the mediating role of CE in teacher-training students of Farhangian University has an acceptable fit. Hence, AB has a direct effect on SA. SI has a direct effect on SA and AB has a direct effect on the expectation of CE. Meanwhile, SI has a direct effect on the CE and AB has an indirect effect on SA through the mediating role of the CE. And, SI has an indirect effect on SA by the mediating role of the CE. Discussion: We can conclude the proposed model of the relationship between AB, SI, and SA with the mediating CE among teacher-training students of Farhangian University is fit and has proper values.
{"title":"Modeling the Relationship Between Affective Balance, Social Intelligence, and Speech Anxiety With the Mediating Role of Consequence Expectation","authors":"Mohammad Esmaeilzadeh Ashini, S. Nasri, Aboutaleb Seadatee Shamir","doi":"10.32598/irj.20.3.1644.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32598/irj.20.3.1644.1","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: There are several predictor variables for speech anxiety (SA) among students. Affective balance (AB) and social intelligence (SI) are two main factors in this field. In this study, we assess the mediating role of consequence expectation (CE) among these variables. Accordingly, this study aims to explore a model of the relationships between AB, SI, and SA mediated by CE among teacher-training students of Farhangian University. Methods: This was a descriptive-correlational study and the population included students of teacher-education courses at the Farhangian University in Kerman Province, Iran, in the 2020-2021 academic year. The sample included 740 participants who were selected via the cluster sampling method. They completed the speech anxiety thoughts inventory, the Bradburn scale of psychological well-being (1969), the social intelligence questionnaire, and the personal outcome expectancy scale. Results: The results showed that the model of explaining AB, SI, and SA through the mediating role of CE in teacher-training students of Farhangian University has an acceptable fit. Hence, AB has a direct effect on SA. SI has a direct effect on SA and AB has a direct effect on the expectation of CE. Meanwhile, SI has a direct effect on the CE and AB has an indirect effect on SA through the mediating role of the CE. And, SI has an indirect effect on SA by the mediating role of the CE. Discussion: We can conclude the proposed model of the relationship between AB, SI, and SA with the mediating CE among teacher-training students of Farhangian University is fit and has proper values.","PeriodicalId":37644,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Rehabilitation Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48859350","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-01DOI: 10.32598/irj.20.3.1501.1
Negar Shafaghatian, Arash Bordbar, S. Maroufizadeh, N. Mirzakhani, Malek Amini
Objectives: Premature infants in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) are exposed to environmental risks that may cause developmental problems i. The present study aimed to investigate the predictive effect of individual and environmental factors on the motor performance of low birth weight preterm infants. Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed in the neonatal clinic of Shahid Akbarabadi Hospital in Tehran City, Iran. A group of 90 low birth weight infants were enrolled in the study by non-probabilistic method and according to the inclusion criteria. Test of infant motor performance (TIMP), sensory profile2 (infant section), affordance in the home environment for motor development (AHEMD), and a demographic questionnaire were used to evaluate motor performance, sensory status, home environment, and other factors (birth weight, corrected age, parent’s education, etc.), respectively. Results: TIMP elicited score was positively correlated with the infant’s age (r=0.390, P<0.001) and infant’s weight (r=0.260, P=0.011), and negatively correlated with duration of hospitalization in NICU (r=-0.210, P=0.047). A significant negative correlation was observed between TIMP elicited score and total infant sensory profile2 score (r=0.391, P<0.001) and a positive correlation was observed between TIMP elicited score and total affordance in the home environment for motor development score (r=0.207 P=0.049). Discussion: The present study’s results showed that elicited movement has a significant relationship with infant sensory status and home environment and demographic variables (infant’s age, gender, infant’s weight, type of delivery, NICU duration, father and mother’s age, number of family children) and the sensory status has a more predictive effect on infant motor performance than the environmental questionnaire.
{"title":"The Predictive Effect of Individual and Environmental Factors on Motor Performance of Low Birth Weight Infants","authors":"Negar Shafaghatian, Arash Bordbar, S. Maroufizadeh, N. Mirzakhani, Malek Amini","doi":"10.32598/irj.20.3.1501.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32598/irj.20.3.1501.1","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: Premature infants in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) are exposed to environmental risks that may cause developmental problems i. The present study aimed to investigate the predictive effect of individual and environmental factors on the motor performance of low birth weight preterm infants. Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed in the neonatal clinic of Shahid Akbarabadi Hospital in Tehran City, Iran. A group of 90 low birth weight infants were enrolled in the study by non-probabilistic method and according to the inclusion criteria. Test of infant motor performance (TIMP), sensory profile2 (infant section), affordance in the home environment for motor development (AHEMD), and a demographic questionnaire were used to evaluate motor performance, sensory status, home environment, and other factors (birth weight, corrected age, parent’s education, etc.), respectively. Results: TIMP elicited score was positively correlated with the infant’s age (r=0.390, P<0.001) and infant’s weight (r=0.260, P=0.011), and negatively correlated with duration of hospitalization in NICU (r=-0.210, P=0.047). A significant negative correlation was observed between TIMP elicited score and total infant sensory profile2 score (r=0.391, P<0.001) and a positive correlation was observed between TIMP elicited score and total affordance in the home environment for motor development score (r=0.207 P=0.049). Discussion: The present study’s results showed that elicited movement has a significant relationship with infant sensory status and home environment and demographic variables (infant’s age, gender, infant’s weight, type of delivery, NICU duration, father and mother’s age, number of family children) and the sensory status has a more predictive effect on infant motor performance than the environmental questionnaire.","PeriodicalId":37644,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Rehabilitation Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48149642","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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