Soniya Yaghoubi, Z. Mosallanezhad, H. Mokhtarinia, C. P. Gabel
Objectives: A sonographic approach can be used to quantify joint movement, muscle thickness, and available joint space. This study aimed to compare the amount of mouth opening, joint articular distance, and both anterior and inferior translation of the mandibular condyle between healthy participants and individuals with temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disorders. Methods: A cross-sectional study design was used with 52 participants (control: 26 healthy and TMJ: 26 symptomatic individuals) recruited using convenience sampling. The joint space distance and the anterior and inferior condylar translation on both sides were evaluated using sonography during maximum mouth opening and closing. Mouth opening was measured with a graduated ruler. Reliability was performed on a subgroup (n=10) with an interval of 3-7 days. Results: The reliability was good to excellent (ICC=0.57-0.94). The highest reliability was related to the joint space distance. The mean values for mouth opening were 43.1 and 35.3mm, respectively for healthy and TMJ patients. The anterior condylar translation was 7.14-7.57mm, inferior condylar translation was 2.35-2.66mm, and the joint space distance was 49.4-0.44mm. No significant differences were found between the left and right sides in either group. The mouth opening and joint space values were significantly higher in the healthy group while the rate of anterior transition movement was higher but not significant. Furthermore, there was a significant negative relationship between pain, mouth opening, and joint distance. Discussion: Sonography can be considered an accurate tool for the assessment of joint space and condylar translation in individuals with symptomatic TMJ disorders.
{"title":"Sonographic Measurement of Condylar Translation, Joint space and Mouth Opening in Healthy and Subjects with Temporomandibular Joint Disorders","authors":"Soniya Yaghoubi, Z. Mosallanezhad, H. Mokhtarinia, C. P. Gabel","doi":"10.32598/irj.20.4.919.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32598/irj.20.4.919.4","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: A sonographic approach can be used to quantify joint movement, muscle thickness, and available joint space. This study aimed to compare the amount of mouth opening, joint articular distance, and both anterior and inferior translation of the mandibular condyle between healthy participants and individuals with temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disorders. Methods: A cross-sectional study design was used with 52 participants (control: 26 healthy and TMJ: 26 symptomatic individuals) recruited using convenience sampling. The joint space distance and the anterior and inferior condylar translation on both sides were evaluated using sonography during maximum mouth opening and closing. Mouth opening was measured with a graduated ruler. Reliability was performed on a subgroup (n=10) with an interval of 3-7 days. Results: The reliability was good to excellent (ICC=0.57-0.94). The highest reliability was related to the joint space distance. The mean values for mouth opening were 43.1 and 35.3mm, respectively for healthy and TMJ patients. The anterior condylar translation was 7.14-7.57mm, inferior condylar translation was 2.35-2.66mm, and the joint space distance was 49.4-0.44mm. No significant differences were found between the left and right sides in either group. The mouth opening and joint space values were significantly higher in the healthy group while the rate of anterior transition movement was higher but not significant. Furthermore, there was a significant negative relationship between pain, mouth opening, and joint distance. Discussion: Sonography can be considered an accurate tool for the assessment of joint space and condylar translation in individuals with symptomatic TMJ disorders.","PeriodicalId":37644,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Rehabilitation Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43705294","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-06DOI: 10.32598/irj.20.4.255.11
R. Teymouri, Tahereh Najafi Fard, Kourosh Amaraei, E. Bahrami, Sh Ghorbani Kalkhajeh, Saheb Yousefi
Objectives: Sibling relationships are often among the long-lasting relationships and more than two-thirds of adolescents with siblings introduce their siblings as the most important people in their life. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of communication skills on sibling relationships among adolescents with Down syndrome. Methods: This is a quasi-experimental study based on a pre-test-post-test design with a control group. A total of 60 adolescents were members of the Iranian association for Down syndrome in Tehran City, Iran. From this population, 30 adolescents were selected based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria and were divided into two groups (experimental and control). At first, the adolescents’ parents responded to the sibling relationship questionnaire. Then, the experimental group attended 10 sessions on communication skills. Following the tenth session, parents completed the sibling relationship questionnaire once more. The data were analyzed using a multivariate analysis of covariance. Results: The results showed that the experimental group experienced a significant increase in two dimensions of warmth/closeness and conflict following the intervention program compared to the control group (P<0.01). However, the difference between the two groups was not significant in the other dimensions, namely relative status/power and rivalry. Discussion: It seems that communication skills training is an appropriate intervention to improve sibling relationships of adolescents with Down syndrome.
{"title":"Analyzing the Effectiveness of Communication Skills on Sibling Relationship of Adolescents With Down Syndrome","authors":"R. Teymouri, Tahereh Najafi Fard, Kourosh Amaraei, E. Bahrami, Sh Ghorbani Kalkhajeh, Saheb Yousefi","doi":"10.32598/irj.20.4.255.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32598/irj.20.4.255.11","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: Sibling relationships are often among the long-lasting relationships and more than two-thirds of adolescents with siblings introduce their siblings as the most important people in their life. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of communication skills on sibling relationships among adolescents with Down syndrome. Methods: This is a quasi-experimental study based on a pre-test-post-test design with a control group. A total of 60 adolescents were members of the Iranian association for Down syndrome in Tehran City, Iran. From this population, 30 adolescents were selected based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria and were divided into two groups (experimental and control). At first, the adolescents’ parents responded to the sibling relationship questionnaire. Then, the experimental group attended 10 sessions on communication skills. Following the tenth session, parents completed the sibling relationship questionnaire once more. The data were analyzed using a multivariate analysis of covariance. Results: The results showed that the experimental group experienced a significant increase in two dimensions of warmth/closeness and conflict following the intervention program compared to the control group (P<0.01). However, the difference between the two groups was not significant in the other dimensions, namely relative status/power and rivalry. Discussion: It seems that communication skills training is an appropriate intervention to improve sibling relationships of adolescents with Down syndrome.","PeriodicalId":37644,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Rehabilitation Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48818473","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Objectives: This study aimed to develop an explanatory model of assertiveness based on parenting styles mediated by anxiety and self-esteem. Methods: This study is descriptive-correlational modeling with partial least squares. The statistical population included singleton children of the sixth grade of the elementary school in the 3rd District of Tehran in the academic year 2017-18. The sampling method was multi-stage sampling; eight schools (four all-boys and four all-girls) were randomly selected from all primary schools in the 3rd District of Tehran, then, a sixth-grade class was randomly selected in each school. The singleton students of those classes participated in the present study as the study sample. The sample size was 118 students (81 girls and 37 boys). The instruments of this research included the Persian forms of adaptive and aggressive assertiveness scales (AAA-S), the Baumrind parenting scale, Beck anxiety inventory (BAI), and Rosenberg self-esteem scale (RSES). To analyze the data, the SPSS software, version 26. Results: The results indicated that authoritative and permissive parenting styles had a significant effect on assertiveness among the parenting styles. The total effects indicated that authoritative and permissive parenting styles explained 0.22 and 0.20 of the variances of assertiveness. The results also showed that the authoritarian parenting style had no significant effect on assertiveness. Discussion: The suggested model was acceptably fit, according to the results of the study. Permissive and authoritative parenting styles had impact on assertiveness.
{"title":"Structural Relationships Between Assertiveness and Parenting Styles With Mediating Self-esteem and Anxiety of Singleton Children","authors":"Reihaneh Rajabi Jourshari, Alireza Mohammadi Aria, Seyed Mohammadreza Alavizadeh, Somaye Entezari, A. Hosseinkhanzadeh, Seyedeh Mahtab Amirizadeh","doi":"10.32598/irj.20.4.1584.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32598/irj.20.4.1584.1","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: This study aimed to develop an explanatory model of assertiveness based on parenting styles mediated by anxiety and self-esteem. Methods: This study is descriptive-correlational modeling with partial least squares. The statistical population included singleton children of the sixth grade of the elementary school in the 3rd District of Tehran in the academic year 2017-18. The sampling method was multi-stage sampling; eight schools (four all-boys and four all-girls) were randomly selected from all primary schools in the 3rd District of Tehran, then, a sixth-grade class was randomly selected in each school. The singleton students of those classes participated in the present study as the study sample. The sample size was 118 students (81 girls and 37 boys). The instruments of this research included the Persian forms of adaptive and aggressive assertiveness scales (AAA-S), the Baumrind parenting scale, Beck anxiety inventory (BAI), and Rosenberg self-esteem scale (RSES). To analyze the data, the SPSS software, version 26. Results: The results indicated that authoritative and permissive parenting styles had a significant effect on assertiveness among the parenting styles. The total effects indicated that authoritative and permissive parenting styles explained 0.22 and 0.20 of the variances of assertiveness. The results also showed that the authoritarian parenting style had no significant effect on assertiveness. Discussion: The suggested model was acceptably fit, according to the results of the study. Permissive and authoritative parenting styles had impact on assertiveness.","PeriodicalId":37644,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Rehabilitation Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43896059","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-06DOI: 10.32598/irj.20.4.1485.1
Hooman Saghebi, N. Mirzakhani, F. Sharifi, Camelia Rambod, David Smith, Malcolm W Battersby, Setareh Ghahari
Objectives: Characterizing the psychometric attributes of the Persian variant of partners in health (PIH) in multiple sclerosis (MS), Diabetes, and Low Back Pain (LBP) patients. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 183 MS, diabetes, and LBP patients (70 male, 113 female) were treated with PIH post-forward-backward translation. Confirmatory factor analysis was used for studying the factor structure. Cronbach’s α and McDonald’s Ω coefficients were used to analyze PIH internal consistency. We used an interclass correlation coefficient to evaluate test-retest reliability. Criterion validity was determined by studying the correlation of PIH and Short Form (36) Health Survey (SF-36), Diabetes Self-Management Scale (DSMS), and Self-Efficacy in Chronic Disease Self-Management (SES6G). Results: The median age of the participants was 49.73±15.16 years, 113 (61.75%) of them were female, 64 (35.0%) had MS, 66 (36.1%) had diabetes, and 53 (29.0%) had LBP. Content validity was determined across all areas (clarity, relevancy, simplicity) by a content validity index ≥0.82. Additionally, all items were confirmed via a content validity ratio ≥0.78. The outcome of CFA depicts that the statistics presented as model fit were as follows: CFI= 0.938, NFI= 0.899, and RMSEA= 0.085. All PIH items exhibited valid internal consistency (0.886-0.893). The PIH showed sufficient test-retest reliability regarding its corresponding subscales (0.554-0.679). The construct validity was confirmed by the total scores of PIH correlated with the total score of SF-36, SES6G, and DSMS. Discussion: The Persian variant of the PIH showed sufficient validity and reliability as a measure to assess self-management in patients suffering from chronic disease (MS, diabetes, and LBP).
{"title":"Translation and Psychometric Evaluation of the Partners in Health Scale Among Iranian Adults With Chronic Diseases","authors":"Hooman Saghebi, N. Mirzakhani, F. Sharifi, Camelia Rambod, David Smith, Malcolm W Battersby, Setareh Ghahari","doi":"10.32598/irj.20.4.1485.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32598/irj.20.4.1485.1","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: Characterizing the psychometric attributes of the Persian variant of partners in health (PIH) in multiple sclerosis (MS), Diabetes, and Low Back Pain (LBP) patients. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 183 MS, diabetes, and LBP patients (70 male, 113 female) were treated with PIH post-forward-backward translation. Confirmatory factor analysis was used for studying the factor structure. Cronbach’s α and McDonald’s Ω coefficients were used to analyze PIH internal consistency. We used an interclass correlation coefficient to evaluate test-retest reliability. Criterion validity was determined by studying the correlation of PIH and Short Form (36) Health Survey (SF-36), Diabetes Self-Management Scale (DSMS), and Self-Efficacy in Chronic Disease Self-Management (SES6G). Results: The median age of the participants was 49.73±15.16 years, 113 (61.75%) of them were female, 64 (35.0%) had MS, 66 (36.1%) had diabetes, and 53 (29.0%) had LBP. Content validity was determined across all areas (clarity, relevancy, simplicity) by a content validity index ≥0.82. Additionally, all items were confirmed via a content validity ratio ≥0.78. The outcome of CFA depicts that the statistics presented as model fit were as follows: CFI= 0.938, NFI= 0.899, and RMSEA= 0.085. All PIH items exhibited valid internal consistency (0.886-0.893). The PIH showed sufficient test-retest reliability regarding its corresponding subscales (0.554-0.679). The construct validity was confirmed by the total scores of PIH correlated with the total score of SF-36, SES6G, and DSMS. Discussion: The Persian variant of the PIH showed sufficient validity and reliability as a measure to assess self-management in patients suffering from chronic disease (MS, diabetes, and LBP).","PeriodicalId":37644,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Rehabilitation Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46872702","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-06DOI: 10.32598/irj.20.4.1470.1
M. Salmani, Mozhgan Asadi, Seyed Abolfazl Tohidast, Tayebeh Shekariyan, Faeghe Shah Hoseyni
Objectives: In 1998, the Persian form of Language Assessment, Remediation, & Screening Procedure (P-LARSP) was introduced. However, this adapted version remained on library shelves and was not used by Iranian speech and language pathologists (SLPs). The present study aimed to explore the barriers to using P-LARSP, resolve the possible issues, and provide a preliminary grammatical sketch from typical children aged 2-5. Methods: The study started with two surveys in two different populations to find the possible barriers and then, continued with the cross-cultural adaptation of the LARSP through international guidelines (forward and backward translations, cognitive interviewing, and pretesting). Finally, by the new P-LARSP, 120 language samples obtained from children (aged 2-5) in a free-play context were analyzed and data were processed in SPSS software, version 21. Results: Our surveys showed that Iranian SLPs had little familiarity with the P-LARSP, and they found it unclear, and difficult to understand the framework. While most of the participants recognized the P-LARSP as a relevant framework to analyze language samples, few numbers of participants used the P-LARSP with clinical or research aims. Through cross-cultural adaptation, a simple, clear, relevant, comprehensive, and applicable Persian profile along with a published manual was obtained and introduced to the SLPs through social media, workshops, and national congresses. Quantitative and qualitative analysis of 120 language samples showed grammatical structures have significant changes by age in terms of numbers and varieties of clauses, phrases, inflectional morphemes, and general syntactic indices. Discussion: The present study revealed why the P-LARSP remained unknown. We removed the barriers by introducing a new version of P-LARSP fully in Persian and increasing its simplicity, clarity, and understandability with a proper manual. Introducing the new version through proper channels to the target population was another taken step to increase the familiarity of the Iranian SLPs. In addition, the preliminary data indicated that the new P-LARSP with its manual is applicable to the language samples taken from typically developing children.
{"title":"A New Persian Version of Language Assessment, Remediation, and Screening Procedure (P-LARSP)","authors":"M. Salmani, Mozhgan Asadi, Seyed Abolfazl Tohidast, Tayebeh Shekariyan, Faeghe Shah Hoseyni","doi":"10.32598/irj.20.4.1470.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32598/irj.20.4.1470.1","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: In 1998, the Persian form of Language Assessment, Remediation, & Screening Procedure (P-LARSP) was introduced. However, this adapted version remained on library shelves and was not used by Iranian speech and language pathologists (SLPs). The present study aimed to explore the barriers to using P-LARSP, resolve the possible issues, and provide a preliminary grammatical sketch from typical children aged 2-5. Methods: The study started with two surveys in two different populations to find the possible barriers and then, continued with the cross-cultural adaptation of the LARSP through international guidelines (forward and backward translations, cognitive interviewing, and pretesting). Finally, by the new P-LARSP, 120 language samples obtained from children (aged 2-5) in a free-play context were analyzed and data were processed in SPSS software, version 21. Results: Our surveys showed that Iranian SLPs had little familiarity with the P-LARSP, and they found it unclear, and difficult to understand the framework. While most of the participants recognized the P-LARSP as a relevant framework to analyze language samples, few numbers of participants used the P-LARSP with clinical or research aims. Through cross-cultural adaptation, a simple, clear, relevant, comprehensive, and applicable Persian profile along with a published manual was obtained and introduced to the SLPs through social media, workshops, and national congresses. Quantitative and qualitative analysis of 120 language samples showed grammatical structures have significant changes by age in terms of numbers and varieties of clauses, phrases, inflectional morphemes, and general syntactic indices. Discussion: The present study revealed why the P-LARSP remained unknown. We removed the barriers by introducing a new version of P-LARSP fully in Persian and increasing its simplicity, clarity, and understandability with a proper manual. Introducing the new version through proper channels to the target population was another taken step to increase the familiarity of the Iranian SLPs. In addition, the preliminary data indicated that the new P-LARSP with its manual is applicable to the language samples taken from typically developing children.","PeriodicalId":37644,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Rehabilitation Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44694503","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-06DOI: 10.32598/irj.20.4.1767.1
Nahid Hooshmand, Abbas Soltani Someh, Ali Jahan, Bahram Amirshakeri
Objectives: Chronic low back pain (CLBP), along with physical limitations that affect the quality of life, is one of the most important problems in the health community. The pain causes a wide range of structural, functional, and neurological changes in the brain. However, these changes have not been well studied, as brain changes in other chronic pains. This study aimed to evaluate the changes in the electroencephalogram (EEG) of patients with nonspecific CLBP, and also to evaluate the effects of interferential current (IFC), as one of the common treatment methods in these patients, on the EEG. Methods: This randomized control trial was performed in the Physiotherapy Clinic of Rehabilitation Faculty of Tabriz University of Medical Sciences from July 2021 to February 2022. A total of 20 patients with nonspecific CLBP and 20 healthy individuals participated in this study. Healthy subjects were in the control group, and the patients were randomly divided into two groups: intervention and placebo. Participants’ EEG and pain intensity were recorded before and after one session of IFC. Results: The results of statistical analyses to compare the EEG of patients and healthy individuals did not show a significant difference between the two groups. The results of statistical tests to evaluate the effects of IFC on participants’ EEG showed a significant increase in alpha frequency in all three groups. In addition, a significant increase in theta frequency was recorded in the placebo group, and an increase in the beta frequency in the intervention group. Pain intensity showed a significant decrease only in the intervention group. Discussion: The results of this study suggest that changes in EEG in patients with low back pain may be related to the severity of pain and neurological involvement. In addition, the increased power of EEG following the application of IFC may be due to sensory stimulation of the skin surface.
{"title":"Interferential Current Ability to Change the Pattern of Brain Activity in Patients With Nonspecific Low Back Pain","authors":"Nahid Hooshmand, Abbas Soltani Someh, Ali Jahan, Bahram Amirshakeri","doi":"10.32598/irj.20.4.1767.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32598/irj.20.4.1767.1","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: Chronic low back pain (CLBP), along with physical limitations that affect the quality of life, is one of the most important problems in the health community. The pain causes a wide range of structural, functional, and neurological changes in the brain. However, these changes have not been well studied, as brain changes in other chronic pains. This study aimed to evaluate the changes in the electroencephalogram (EEG) of patients with nonspecific CLBP, and also to evaluate the effects of interferential current (IFC), as one of the common treatment methods in these patients, on the EEG. Methods: This randomized control trial was performed in the Physiotherapy Clinic of Rehabilitation Faculty of Tabriz University of Medical Sciences from July 2021 to February 2022. A total of 20 patients with nonspecific CLBP and 20 healthy individuals participated in this study. Healthy subjects were in the control group, and the patients were randomly divided into two groups: intervention and placebo. Participants’ EEG and pain intensity were recorded before and after one session of IFC. Results: The results of statistical analyses to compare the EEG of patients and healthy individuals did not show a significant difference between the two groups. The results of statistical tests to evaluate the effects of IFC on participants’ EEG showed a significant increase in alpha frequency in all three groups. In addition, a significant increase in theta frequency was recorded in the placebo group, and an increase in the beta frequency in the intervention group. Pain intensity showed a significant decrease only in the intervention group. Discussion: The results of this study suggest that changes in EEG in patients with low back pain may be related to the severity of pain and neurological involvement. In addition, the increased power of EEG following the application of IFC may be due to sensory stimulation of the skin surface.","PeriodicalId":37644,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Rehabilitation Journal","volume":"191 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41281887","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-06DOI: 10.32598/irj.20.4.1699.1
Sima Mohammadkhanbeigi, Yousef Moghadas Tabrizi, S. Nabavi, H. Minoonejad
Objectives: As a major feature of the disease, motor-related complications, including loss of balance and reduced ability to walk were seen in multiple sclerosis (MS). The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of core stability exercises and transcranial direct-current stimulation (tDCS) as a non-invasive brain stimulation on balance, walking capacity, and quality of life in patients with MS. Methods: In this randomized clinical trial study with a pretest-posttest design, 29 female patients with an Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) of less than 4.5 (3.75±1.31) and a mean age of 38.36±7.99 years were purposefully selected from patients referring to MS society of Tehran during 2021 and then randomly assigned to the following three groups: core stability exercises, anodal tDCS, and sham. Variables, such as balance, walking capacity, and quality of life were measured before and after the interventions. Subjects in the core stability training group participated in core stability exercises for three weeks, and subjects in both sham and anodal tDCS groups received direct brain electrical stimulation for five sessions. Results: A significant improvement in balance and walking capacity were seen both in the anodal tDCS and the core stability training groups (P<0.05). Moreover, mobility was significantly changed in the tDCS group (P<0.05). However, no significant difference in the quality of life was seen between the groups. Discussion: Our findings indicate comparable effects of tDCS, and core stability training on balance and walking capacity in patients with MS. Therefore, in addition to exercises, tDCS can be considered a promising tool for the neurorehabilitation of patients with MS.
{"title":"The Comparable Effect of tDCS and Core Exercises on Balance and Mobility in Patients With Multiple Sclerosis","authors":"Sima Mohammadkhanbeigi, Yousef Moghadas Tabrizi, S. Nabavi, H. Minoonejad","doi":"10.32598/irj.20.4.1699.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32598/irj.20.4.1699.1","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: As a major feature of the disease, motor-related complications, including loss of balance and reduced ability to walk were seen in multiple sclerosis (MS). The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of core stability exercises and transcranial direct-current stimulation (tDCS) as a non-invasive brain stimulation on balance, walking capacity, and quality of life in patients with MS. Methods: In this randomized clinical trial study with a pretest-posttest design, 29 female patients with an Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) of less than 4.5 (3.75±1.31) and a mean age of 38.36±7.99 years were purposefully selected from patients referring to MS society of Tehran during 2021 and then randomly assigned to the following three groups: core stability exercises, anodal tDCS, and sham. Variables, such as balance, walking capacity, and quality of life were measured before and after the interventions. Subjects in the core stability training group participated in core stability exercises for three weeks, and subjects in both sham and anodal tDCS groups received direct brain electrical stimulation for five sessions. Results: A significant improvement in balance and walking capacity were seen both in the anodal tDCS and the core stability training groups (P<0.05). Moreover, mobility was significantly changed in the tDCS group (P<0.05). However, no significant difference in the quality of life was seen between the groups. Discussion: Our findings indicate comparable effects of tDCS, and core stability training on balance and walking capacity in patients with MS. Therefore, in addition to exercises, tDCS can be considered a promising tool for the neurorehabilitation of patients with MS.","PeriodicalId":37644,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Rehabilitation Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41740983","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-06DOI: 10.32598/irj.20.4.1734.1
F. Mohammadi, F. Cheraghi, S. Khazaei, Mahdieh Seyedi, Mohammad Rezaei, F. Mirzaie
Objectives: The disability to recognize facial emotions is one of the behavioral problems in autistic children. This study was designed to evaluate the effect of education on the promotion of face recognition. Methods: This single-blind clinical trial study was conducted on children with autism. The participants were allocated with random sampling to the two groups. Autistic children in the intervention group were educated in 10 sessions with 40 facial emotions images, each session lasted 20 min. Autistic children in the control group underwent routine teaching. The assistant researcher completed the Benton questionnaire for each child before and after the study. The obtained data were analyzed with SPSS software, version 22. Results: This study showed that education on facial emotions has good effects on the recognition of facial expressions by children with autism. In addition, a significant difference is identified between the two study groups in identifying facial emotions (P<0.001). Discussion: Education to children with autism improved facial emotion identification. Therefore, according to the increase in children with autism all over the world such as in Iran, it seems that caregivers and health managers should review and use our study results for providing a supportive environment to promote recognition emotional states of the face and ultimately to improve the child’s treatment.
{"title":"Educational Facial Emotion Recognition in Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Clinical Trial Study","authors":"F. Mohammadi, F. Cheraghi, S. Khazaei, Mahdieh Seyedi, Mohammad Rezaei, F. Mirzaie","doi":"10.32598/irj.20.4.1734.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32598/irj.20.4.1734.1","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: The disability to recognize facial emotions is one of the behavioral problems in autistic children. This study was designed to evaluate the effect of education on the promotion of face recognition. Methods: This single-blind clinical trial study was conducted on children with autism. The participants were allocated with random sampling to the two groups. Autistic children in the intervention group were educated in 10 sessions with 40 facial emotions images, each session lasted 20 min. Autistic children in the control group underwent routine teaching. The assistant researcher completed the Benton questionnaire for each child before and after the study. The obtained data were analyzed with SPSS software, version 22. Results: This study showed that education on facial emotions has good effects on the recognition of facial expressions by children with autism. In addition, a significant difference is identified between the two study groups in identifying facial emotions (P<0.001). Discussion: Education to children with autism improved facial emotion identification. Therefore, according to the increase in children with autism all over the world such as in Iran, it seems that caregivers and health managers should review and use our study results for providing a supportive environment to promote recognition emotional states of the face and ultimately to improve the child’s treatment.","PeriodicalId":37644,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Rehabilitation Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46719540","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Zahra Ghasemi, Fatemeh Mohammadi, Jamileh Amirzadeh-iranagh, Hossein Khorani, S. Motalebi
Objectives: The present study examined the role of social support in protecting against disability among older people residing in Poldasht, West Azerbaijan Province, Iran in 2018. Methods: This cross-sectional study was undertaken on 305 older adults who were selected by random sampling method. The World Health Organization standardized disability scale (WHODASS2) and multidimensional scale of perceived social support (MSPSS) were applied to collect the data. Data analysis was run through a multiple linear regression model by SPSS software, version 23. The significance level was set at P≤0.05. Results: The mean age of older people was 69.13±7.63 years. The highest incidence of disability was in the subscale of community participation (n=111, 36.4%) and mobility (n=111, 36.4%). The results revealed that age (β=0.32, P<0.001), financial status (β=0.14, P=0.002), job (β=-0.18, P=0.02), number of physical illnesses (β=-0.21, P<0.001), and social support (β=-0.17, P<0.001) were predictive factors of disability among older people. Discussion: The results showed a high prevalence of disability among older people. Given the protective role of social support in reducing disability, it is suggested to consider this cost-effective factor in attempts to deal with disability and then promote the quality of life of this vulnerable group.
{"title":"Disability Among Older Adults Residing in Poldasht, Iran in 2018: The Role of Social Aupport as A Protective Factor","authors":"Zahra Ghasemi, Fatemeh Mohammadi, Jamileh Amirzadeh-iranagh, Hossein Khorani, S. Motalebi","doi":"10.32598/irj.20.4.825.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32598/irj.20.4.825.3","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: The present study examined the role of social support in protecting against disability among older people residing in Poldasht, West Azerbaijan Province, Iran in 2018. Methods: This cross-sectional study was undertaken on 305 older adults who were selected by random sampling method. The World Health Organization standardized disability scale (WHODASS2) and multidimensional scale of perceived social support (MSPSS) were applied to collect the data. Data analysis was run through a multiple linear regression model by SPSS software, version 23. The significance level was set at P≤0.05. Results: The mean age of older people was 69.13±7.63 years. The highest incidence of disability was in the subscale of community participation (n=111, 36.4%) and mobility (n=111, 36.4%). The results revealed that age (β=0.32, P<0.001), financial status (β=0.14, P=0.002), job (β=-0.18, P=0.02), number of physical illnesses (β=-0.21, P<0.001), and social support (β=-0.17, P<0.001) were predictive factors of disability among older people. Discussion: The results showed a high prevalence of disability among older people. Given the protective role of social support in reducing disability, it is suggested to consider this cost-effective factor in attempts to deal with disability and then promote the quality of life of this vulnerable group.","PeriodicalId":37644,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Rehabilitation Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44211207","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-06DOI: 10.32598/irj.20.4.1841.1
Pakeeza Seemal, Aroma Ayub, Maria Diilshad, Ayesha Awan, Arooba Nawaz, Tooba Sameen, M. S. Khan
Objectives: This study aims to find and compare the effects of primal reflex release technique and stretching exercises on pain intensity, functional performance, and pain-free sitting duration in patients with coccydynia. Methods: This is a randomized clinical trial. A total of 46 individuals were chosen for the sample based on the inclusion criteria, and they were divided into groups A and B. Pre-treatment values of patients for pain assessment were taken by the Numerical Pain Rating Scale (NPRS), Dallas Pain Questionnaire (DPQ), and pain-free sitting duration (PFSD). Group A received treatment with a hot pack and primal reflex release technique. Group B received treatment with a hot pack and stretching exercises. Each patient received a total of 12 sessions over the course of 4 weeks, 3 sessions per week. After 4 weeks of therapy, both groups were evaluated again. The obtained data were analyzed using SPSS 21. Results: Findings revealed that within-group differences were statistically significant (P<0.05) for all variables. In the primal reflex release technique group, the average NPRS value reduced from 5.565±1.4086 to 1.7391±1.09617, the average DPQ value from 129.967±33.102 to 38.000±26.691 and the average PFSD duration increased from 43.043±20.323 to 368.478±160.464. In the stretching group, NPRS reduced from 6.087±1.345 to 3.695±1.490, DPQ from 116.032±35.054 to 60.608±22.186 and PFSD increased from 28.260±11.928 to 94.130±102.154. The between-group analysis also indicated statistically significant differences in NPRS, DPQ, and pain-free sitting duration with P values ≤0.001, 0.003, and ≤0.001, respectively Discussion: The study concluded that both the primal reflex release technique and stretching exercises were effective in reducing pain and improving functional status with a marked increase in pain-free sitting duration. However, the primal reflex release technique was found to be more useful than stretching exercises in terms of mentioned outcome measures on basis of their mean differences.
{"title":"Comparing Primal Reflex Release Technique and Stretching Exercises on Pain and Function in Coccydynia","authors":"Pakeeza Seemal, Aroma Ayub, Maria Diilshad, Ayesha Awan, Arooba Nawaz, Tooba Sameen, M. S. Khan","doi":"10.32598/irj.20.4.1841.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32598/irj.20.4.1841.1","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: This study aims to find and compare the effects of primal reflex release technique and stretching exercises on pain intensity, functional performance, and pain-free sitting duration in patients with coccydynia. Methods: This is a randomized clinical trial. A total of 46 individuals were chosen for the sample based on the inclusion criteria, and they were divided into groups A and B. Pre-treatment values of patients for pain assessment were taken by the Numerical Pain Rating Scale (NPRS), Dallas Pain Questionnaire (DPQ), and pain-free sitting duration (PFSD). Group A received treatment with a hot pack and primal reflex release technique. Group B received treatment with a hot pack and stretching exercises. Each patient received a total of 12 sessions over the course of 4 weeks, 3 sessions per week. After 4 weeks of therapy, both groups were evaluated again. The obtained data were analyzed using SPSS 21. Results: Findings revealed that within-group differences were statistically significant (P<0.05) for all variables. In the primal reflex release technique group, the average NPRS value reduced from 5.565±1.4086 to 1.7391±1.09617, the average DPQ value from 129.967±33.102 to 38.000±26.691 and the average PFSD duration increased from 43.043±20.323 to 368.478±160.464. In the stretching group, NPRS reduced from 6.087±1.345 to 3.695±1.490, DPQ from 116.032±35.054 to 60.608±22.186 and PFSD increased from 28.260±11.928 to 94.130±102.154. The between-group analysis also indicated statistically significant differences in NPRS, DPQ, and pain-free sitting duration with P values ≤0.001, 0.003, and ≤0.001, respectively Discussion: The study concluded that both the primal reflex release technique and stretching exercises were effective in reducing pain and improving functional status with a marked increase in pain-free sitting duration. However, the primal reflex release technique was found to be more useful than stretching exercises in terms of mentioned outcome measures on basis of their mean differences.","PeriodicalId":37644,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Rehabilitation Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42049296","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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