Pub Date : 2022-09-01DOI: 10.2478/jlecol-2022-0010
M. Keshtkar, Z. Mokhtari, Romina Sayahnia
Abstract Globally, urbanization changes land use/land cover (LULC) and alters ecosystem functions and services. Soil retention (SR) is a critical ecological service that is strongly related to LULC change. The topic of this study is assessment of LULC change on soil retention service (SRS) in a fragile seminatural-urbanized landscape of the Jajrood basin in Northern Tehran, Iran, from 2000 to 2020. To achieve the goal, the LULC maps and the other relevant datasets were imported into the Integrated Valuation of Ecosystem Services and Trade-offs tool (InVEST) using the Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE). Calibration and validation were performed using Goodness-of-fit test for observational and modeled data. The results revealed that LULC change had both negative and positive effects on SR. The built-up area increased dramatically by about 133 percent, while the rangeland shrunk by approximately 5 % during the twenty-year, leading to an increase in soil erosion and reducing SR. On the other hand, the agricultural and gardening activities expanded by 41 %, which caused an increment in SR. Due to the outgrowth of man-made areas compared to the other land uses, the overall SR decreased by about 17,000 tons. Moreover, the result indicated that slope, elevation, and land management factors, respectively, had the highest correlation with SRS. The finding of this research can provide insight to land use planners to protect the areas with high soil erosion.
{"title":"Impact of Land Use/Land Cover Change on Soil Retention Service: A Case of Agricultural-Urbanized Landscape in Northern Iran","authors":"M. Keshtkar, Z. Mokhtari, Romina Sayahnia","doi":"10.2478/jlecol-2022-0010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/jlecol-2022-0010","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Globally, urbanization changes land use/land cover (LULC) and alters ecosystem functions and services. Soil retention (SR) is a critical ecological service that is strongly related to LULC change. The topic of this study is assessment of LULC change on soil retention service (SRS) in a fragile seminatural-urbanized landscape of the Jajrood basin in Northern Tehran, Iran, from 2000 to 2020. To achieve the goal, the LULC maps and the other relevant datasets were imported into the Integrated Valuation of Ecosystem Services and Trade-offs tool (InVEST) using the Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE). Calibration and validation were performed using Goodness-of-fit test for observational and modeled data. The results revealed that LULC change had both negative and positive effects on SR. The built-up area increased dramatically by about 133 percent, while the rangeland shrunk by approximately 5 % during the twenty-year, leading to an increase in soil erosion and reducing SR. On the other hand, the agricultural and gardening activities expanded by 41 %, which caused an increment in SR. Due to the outgrowth of man-made areas compared to the other land uses, the overall SR decreased by about 17,000 tons. Moreover, the result indicated that slope, elevation, and land management factors, respectively, had the highest correlation with SRS. The finding of this research can provide insight to land use planners to protect the areas with high soil erosion.","PeriodicalId":37671,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Landscape Ecology(Czech Republic)","volume":"15 1","pages":"34 - 58"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44664904","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-01DOI: 10.2478/jlecol-2022-0014
Yasir Yasir, Y. Firzal, Chelsy Yesicha, Andri Sulistyani
Abstract This study aims to explore environmental communication based on local wisdom in conserving forests in the Kenegerian Sentajo, Riau Province, Indonesia. This study uses a qualitative approach with an interactive model. Researchers interact and are directly involved in many community activities. The results indicate that environmental communication in forest conservation is based on the local wisdom of the community by using the term Rimbo Larangan. The main communicators and actors are the customary holders, the datuk penghulu and the ninik-mamak (elders) as the highest institutional holders of Kenegerian Sentajo customs. This institution is more powerful than formal government institutions. These traditional stakeholders play an important role in spreading the message to maintain the existence of forbidden forest (Rimbo Larangan). In addition, the community’s desire to maintain customary values has given rise to attitudes and behaviors of people who are aware and care about forest sustainability. This is supported by Islamic values which have encouraged public awareness to have morals or responsibility towards the environment. Some beliefs, storytelling, and myths also reinforce this rule which makes people afraid to break it. The research findings can be used by the community in improving practices of communicating, managing, making rules and redesigning forest for conservation areas that are managed based on indigenous peoples.
{"title":"Environmental Communication Based on Local Wisdom in Forest Conservation: A Study on Sentajo Forbidden Forest, Indonesia","authors":"Yasir Yasir, Y. Firzal, Chelsy Yesicha, Andri Sulistyani","doi":"10.2478/jlecol-2022-0014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/jlecol-2022-0014","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This study aims to explore environmental communication based on local wisdom in conserving forests in the Kenegerian Sentajo, Riau Province, Indonesia. This study uses a qualitative approach with an interactive model. Researchers interact and are directly involved in many community activities. The results indicate that environmental communication in forest conservation is based on the local wisdom of the community by using the term Rimbo Larangan. The main communicators and actors are the customary holders, the datuk penghulu and the ninik-mamak (elders) as the highest institutional holders of Kenegerian Sentajo customs. This institution is more powerful than formal government institutions. These traditional stakeholders play an important role in spreading the message to maintain the existence of forbidden forest (Rimbo Larangan). In addition, the community’s desire to maintain customary values has given rise to attitudes and behaviors of people who are aware and care about forest sustainability. This is supported by Islamic values which have encouraged public awareness to have morals or responsibility towards the environment. Some beliefs, storytelling, and myths also reinforce this rule which makes people afraid to break it. The research findings can be used by the community in improving practices of communicating, managing, making rules and redesigning forest for conservation areas that are managed based on indigenous peoples.","PeriodicalId":37671,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Landscape Ecology(Czech Republic)","volume":"15 1","pages":"127 - 145"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46699064","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-01DOI: 10.2478/jlecol-2022-0011
A. Hussein, S. Dejene, Abebe Aschalew
Abstract The study was conducted at Babile Elephant Sanctuary (BES), to identify and document the list of woody species, and to analyze the diversity, richness, evenness, and population structural status of woody species. The diversity of plant species and population structure of woody species were analyzed from 60 quadrats, each with 20 m x 20 m for trees and 5 m x 5 m for shrubs and climbers, using systematic sampling methods with three levels of disturbances regime, namely, low disturbed (LD), moderately disturbed (MD) and heavily disturbed (HD) sites. Vegetation parameters such as diameter at breast height (DBH), richness, evenness, and density of woody species were recorded. Shannon Weiner Diversity Index was used to analysis vegetation diversity and evenness. A total of 61 woody species were identified in the study area that falls within 29 families and 38 genera of which 50.8 % were shrubs, 39.3 % were trees and the rest 9.83 % were climbers. Fabaceae was represented by the highest number of species (14 species = 22.90). The highest plant species richness was recorded from the low disturbed sites, followed by moderately disturbed and heavily disturbed sites respectively. The population density of vegetation was significantly higher in the MD site, followed by the LD site. The total basal area of LD, MD, and HD were 27.2, 19.8, and 11.2 m2/ha, respectively. LD site had significantly (P= 0.04) highest Shannon’s diversity index value (3.21) than the others two disturbance levels. This result suggests that the consequence of human-induced disturbance on woody species diversity and population structure appeared to be negative depending on the type and intensities of the disturbances.
摘要本研究以Babile大象保护区(BES)为研究对象，对该保护区木本物种的多样性、丰富度、均匀度和种群结构状况进行了分析。采用低干扰(LD)、中度干扰(MD)和重度干扰(HD)三种干扰模式的系统采样方法，对60个样方(树木样方20 m × 20 m，灌木和攀缘植物样方5 m × 5 m)的植物物种多样性和木本物种种群结构进行了分析。植被参数包括胸径、丰富度、均匀度、密度等。采用Shannon Weiner多样性指数分析植被多样性和均匀度。研究区共有木本植物61种，隶属于29科38属，其中灌木占50.8%，乔木占39.3%，攀缘植物占9.83%。以豆科植物最多(14种= 22.90)。低干扰样地植物物种丰富度最高，中等干扰样地次之，严重干扰样地次之。MD样地植被密度最高，LD样地次之。LD、MD和HD的总基底面积分别为27.2、19.8和11.2 m2/ha。LD位点的Shannon多样性指数最高(3.21)，显著高于其他两个干扰水平(P= 0.04)。这一结果表明，人为干扰对木本物种多样性和种群结构的影响随干扰类型和强度的不同而呈负向变化。
{"title":"Comparison of Woody Species Diversity and Population Structure Along Disturbance Gradient in Babile Elephant Sanctuary, Ethiopia","authors":"A. Hussein, S. Dejene, Abebe Aschalew","doi":"10.2478/jlecol-2022-0011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/jlecol-2022-0011","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The study was conducted at Babile Elephant Sanctuary (BES), to identify and document the list of woody species, and to analyze the diversity, richness, evenness, and population structural status of woody species. The diversity of plant species and population structure of woody species were analyzed from 60 quadrats, each with 20 m x 20 m for trees and 5 m x 5 m for shrubs and climbers, using systematic sampling methods with three levels of disturbances regime, namely, low disturbed (LD), moderately disturbed (MD) and heavily disturbed (HD) sites. Vegetation parameters such as diameter at breast height (DBH), richness, evenness, and density of woody species were recorded. Shannon Weiner Diversity Index was used to analysis vegetation diversity and evenness. A total of 61 woody species were identified in the study area that falls within 29 families and 38 genera of which 50.8 % were shrubs, 39.3 % were trees and the rest 9.83 % were climbers. Fabaceae was represented by the highest number of species (14 species = 22.90). The highest plant species richness was recorded from the low disturbed sites, followed by moderately disturbed and heavily disturbed sites respectively. The population density of vegetation was significantly higher in the MD site, followed by the LD site. The total basal area of LD, MD, and HD were 27.2, 19.8, and 11.2 m2/ha, respectively. LD site had significantly (P= 0.04) highest Shannon’s diversity index value (3.21) than the others two disturbance levels. This result suggests that the consequence of human-induced disturbance on woody species diversity and population structure appeared to be negative depending on the type and intensities of the disturbances.","PeriodicalId":37671,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Landscape Ecology(Czech Republic)","volume":"15 1","pages":"59 - 79"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46109834","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-01DOI: 10.2478/jlecol-2022-0001
Bright Danso Appiagyei, Latifa Belhoucine-Guezouli, E. Bessah, B. Morsli, P. Fernandes
Abstract The Mediterranean Basin covers more than 2 million square kilometres and is surrounded by three continents: Africa, Asia and Europe. The Basin that is rich in biodiversity has tilted towards warmer and drier conditions over the last decades. The emerging climatic conditions particularly the increase in the number of climate extremes are bringing new threats and risks that will exacerbate existing pressures. The present study thoroughly reviewed the recent scientific literature and synthesized existing body of knowledge on the impacts (direct and indirect) of climate change on forest ecosystem services in the Mediterranean Basin. Despite many uncertainties about climate change in the Basin, there appears to be a consensus among a number of studies that climate change is having and will continue to have mostly negative impacts on the Mediterranean forest ecosystem services (wood and non-wood forest products, water resources, carbon storage and recreation and tourism) with possible substantial impacts in the future. Further, evidence is mounting that climate-induced natural disturbances (fires, insect pests, and pathogenic diseases) are becoming frequent and severe. The Mediterranean plants are known for their resilience to natural disturbances. However, the novel climatic conditions may exceed their resilience and alter the ecosystem services. Therefore, there is the need to mitigate the challenges posed by climate change and adapt forest management practices to impending changes to sustain the forest ecosystem services.
{"title":"A Review on Climate Change Impacts on Forest Ecosystem Services in the Mediterranean Basin","authors":"Bright Danso Appiagyei, Latifa Belhoucine-Guezouli, E. Bessah, B. Morsli, P. Fernandes","doi":"10.2478/jlecol-2022-0001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/jlecol-2022-0001","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The Mediterranean Basin covers more than 2 million square kilometres and is surrounded by three continents: Africa, Asia and Europe. The Basin that is rich in biodiversity has tilted towards warmer and drier conditions over the last decades. The emerging climatic conditions particularly the increase in the number of climate extremes are bringing new threats and risks that will exacerbate existing pressures. The present study thoroughly reviewed the recent scientific literature and synthesized existing body of knowledge on the impacts (direct and indirect) of climate change on forest ecosystem services in the Mediterranean Basin. Despite many uncertainties about climate change in the Basin, there appears to be a consensus among a number of studies that climate change is having and will continue to have mostly negative impacts on the Mediterranean forest ecosystem services (wood and non-wood forest products, water resources, carbon storage and recreation and tourism) with possible substantial impacts in the future. Further, evidence is mounting that climate-induced natural disturbances (fires, insect pests, and pathogenic diseases) are becoming frequent and severe. The Mediterranean plants are known for their resilience to natural disturbances. However, the novel climatic conditions may exceed their resilience and alter the ecosystem services. Therefore, there is the need to mitigate the challenges posed by climate change and adapt forest management practices to impending changes to sustain the forest ecosystem services.","PeriodicalId":37671,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Landscape Ecology(Czech Republic)","volume":"15 1","pages":"1 - 26"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49243516","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-01DOI: 10.2478/jlecol-2022-0006
M. Lapka, Miroslav Gottlieb
Abstract Self-reflection is important for every scientific discipline and the study of landscape is no exception. Indeed, landscape is connected in some way to both the natural and social sciences, as well as the and humanities as see in art and architecture. This review analyses the development of landscape research by scientific institutions in the contemporary Czech Republic. It is an attempt to provide a thematic and historical review of its often very complicated development. The study is organized thematically and a chronological order is used for each topic. The topics covered are: The cultural formation of the “Phenomenon of the Czech landscape”; The formation of the approach to landscape in natural sciences; “Phenomenon of the Czech landscape” in architecture; Landscape in institutionalized form in the Academy of Sciences; Landscape outside the Academy of Sciences, and; “Phenomenon of the Czech landscape” in social sciences. Archived documents from the former Institute of Landscape Ecology of the Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences, the primary thematic studies of individual authors and secondary studies reflecting the development of the field itself were used for the development of this thematic and historical review. These sources were refined where possible through guided semi-structured interviews with eyewitnesses and written correspondence. The results show two strong centres of landscape ecology: Institute of Landscape Ecology of the former Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences (ČSAV) in Prague formed out of its forerunners in 1971 which is associated with the name of Emil Hadač and relocated to České Budějovice, where it ceased to exist in 2010. Another centre is set up in Brno at the Geographical Institute of the Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences in Brno at the Mendel University of Brno (Antonín Buček, Jan Lacina). The cultural character and intertwining natural and cultural components of the landscape play an important role in understanding the specific aspects of the scientific study of landscape in our country. This was the basis of the initial scientific reflections of the forerunners of landscape ecology in biological sciences (Bohumil Němec, Julius Stoklasa), in nature conservation (Jan Svatopluk Procházka) and in architecture (Karel Honzík, Ladislav Žák). This interdisciplinary character of landscape research persists in many institutions and organizations to this day, including the Czech branch of the International Association for Landscape Ecology IALE - CZ. It is a great paradox of our time that landscape and landscape ecology has ceased to be institutionally represented in the structure of the Czech Academy of Sciences. In conclusion, we ask the question about the reasons for this development and whether landscape research can be restored in the structure of the Academy of Sciences of The Czech Republic.
自我反思对于每一门科学学科都很重要，景观研究也不例外。的确，景观在某种程度上与自然科学和社会科学，以及艺术和建筑中的人文科学联系在一起。本文分析了当代捷克共和国科研机构景观研究的发展。它试图对其往往非常复杂的发展进行专题和历史回顾。本研究按主题组织，每个主题按时间顺序排列。主题包括:“捷克景观现象”的文化形成;自然科学研究景观方法的形成建筑中的“捷克景观现象”;科学院中制度化形式的景观研究科学院以外的景观;以及;社会科学中的“捷克景观现象”。捷克斯洛伐克科学院前景观生态学研究所的存档文件、个别作者的初级专题研究和反映该领域本身发展的次级研究被用于编写这一专题和历史评论。在可能的情况下，通过与目击者进行有指导的半结构化访谈和书面通信，对这些来源进行了改进。结果显示了两个强大的景观生态学中心:布拉格的前捷克斯洛伐克科学院景观生态学研究所(ČSAV)成立于1971年，其前身与埃米尔·哈达尼奇的名字有关，并搬迁到České bud jovice，并于2010年停止存在。另一个中心设在布尔诺的捷克斯洛伐克科学院布尔诺Mendel大学地理研究所(Antonín bu ek, Jan Lacina)。景观的文化特征和自然与文化相互交织的组成部分对理解我国景观科学研究的具体方面起着重要作用。这是景观生态学先驱在生物科学(Bohumil n mec, Julius Stoklasa)，自然保护(Jan Svatopluk Procházka)和建筑(Karel Honzík, Ladislav Žák)中最初的科学反思的基础。这种景观研究的跨学科特征至今仍存在于许多机构和组织中，包括国际景观生态学协会捷克分会。景观和景观生态学在捷克科学院的结构中已经不再是制度性的代表，这是我们这个时代的一个巨大的悖论。综上所述，我们提出了这样一个问题，即这种发展的原因，以及景观研究是否可以在捷克共和国科学院的结构中恢复。
{"title":"A Look Into the History of Landscape Research in Czechia. Landscape in Natural and Social Sciences, Attempts at an Interdisciplinary Approach","authors":"M. Lapka, Miroslav Gottlieb","doi":"10.2478/jlecol-2022-0006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/jlecol-2022-0006","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Self-reflection is important for every scientific discipline and the study of landscape is no exception. Indeed, landscape is connected in some way to both the natural and social sciences, as well as the and humanities as see in art and architecture. This review analyses the development of landscape research by scientific institutions in the contemporary Czech Republic. It is an attempt to provide a thematic and historical review of its often very complicated development. The study is organized thematically and a chronological order is used for each topic. The topics covered are: The cultural formation of the “Phenomenon of the Czech landscape”; The formation of the approach to landscape in natural sciences; “Phenomenon of the Czech landscape” in architecture; Landscape in institutionalized form in the Academy of Sciences; Landscape outside the Academy of Sciences, and; “Phenomenon of the Czech landscape” in social sciences. Archived documents from the former Institute of Landscape Ecology of the Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences, the primary thematic studies of individual authors and secondary studies reflecting the development of the field itself were used for the development of this thematic and historical review. These sources were refined where possible through guided semi-structured interviews with eyewitnesses and written correspondence. The results show two strong centres of landscape ecology: Institute of Landscape Ecology of the former Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences (ČSAV) in Prague formed out of its forerunners in 1971 which is associated with the name of Emil Hadač and relocated to České Budějovice, where it ceased to exist in 2010. Another centre is set up in Brno at the Geographical Institute of the Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences in Brno at the Mendel University of Brno (Antonín Buček, Jan Lacina). The cultural character and intertwining natural and cultural components of the landscape play an important role in understanding the specific aspects of the scientific study of landscape in our country. This was the basis of the initial scientific reflections of the forerunners of landscape ecology in biological sciences (Bohumil Němec, Julius Stoklasa), in nature conservation (Jan Svatopluk Procházka) and in architecture (Karel Honzík, Ladislav Žák). This interdisciplinary character of landscape research persists in many institutions and organizations to this day, including the Czech branch of the International Association for Landscape Ecology IALE - CZ. It is a great paradox of our time that landscape and landscape ecology has ceased to be institutionally represented in the structure of the Czech Academy of Sciences. In conclusion, we ask the question about the reasons for this development and whether landscape research can be restored in the structure of the Academy of Sciences of The Czech Republic.","PeriodicalId":37671,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Landscape Ecology(Czech Republic)","volume":"59 11","pages":"94 - 125"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41259982","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-01DOI: 10.2478/jlecol-2022-0007
Hassan Mosaid, A. Barakat, V. Bustillo, J. Rais
Abstract The Oued Srou watershed located in the Middle Atlas Mountain of Morocco has been a subject of serious soil erosion problems due to the combination of natural factors and anthropic activities. Therefore, soil erosion hazard assessment and mapping can be handy to initiate remedial measures in the area. In this study, the improved Erosion Potential Model (EPM) integrated with GIS and remote sensing techniques is employed to map and assess the vulnerability of the Oued Srou watershed to the water erosion phenomenon and its impact on the silting of the Ahmed El Hansali dam. The results of the EPM model showed that the maximum annual soil loss rates were in the range of 5-652 m3/km2/year, with an average of 49 m3/km2/year. The delivery coefficient ratio showed that about 34433 t/year of the sediments reach the outlet of the watershed. The correlation analysis between all erosion factors revealed the following order of their importance in the water erosion control: soil sensitivity to erosion, soil protection, slope, erosive state, temperature, and rainfall. The magnetic susceptibility provided results on the evolution of soils; it showed that the most degraded soils had a high erosion rate. Generally, the stable soils not eroded showed an upward increase of magnetic susceptibility values in soil profiles; the evolution of magnetic susceptibility of degraded soils is disturbed. The magnetic susceptibility has also made it possible to highlight the source zones of sediments that reach the outlet of the watershed.
位于摩洛哥中部阿特拉斯山脉的Oued Srou流域，由于自然因素和人为活动的共同作用，土壤侵蚀问题十分严重。因此，土壤侵蚀危害评估和测绘可以方便地在该地区发起补救措施。本研究采用改进的侵蚀潜力模型(EPM)与GIS和遥感技术相结合，绘制和评估了Oued Srou流域对水侵蚀现象的脆弱性及其对Ahmed El Hansali大坝淤积的影响。EPM模型结果表明，年最大土壤流失率在5 ~ 652 m3/km2/年之间，平均为49 m3/km2/年。输沙系数比值表明，年输沙量约为34433 t/年。各侵蚀因子对水蚀控制的影响程度依次为:土壤敏感性、土壤保护、坡度、侵蚀状态、温度、降雨。磁化率提供了土壤演化的结果;结果表明，退化程度最高的土壤具有较高的侵蚀速率。总体而言，未被侵蚀的稳定土在剖面上磁化率值呈上升趋势;对退化土壤磁化率的演化进行了扰动。磁化率也使得能够突出到达流域出口的沉积物的源区。
{"title":"Modeling and Mapping of Soil Water Erosion Risks in the Srou Basin (Middle Atlas, Morocco) Using the EPM Model, GIS and Magnetic Susceptibility","authors":"Hassan Mosaid, A. Barakat, V. Bustillo, J. Rais","doi":"10.2478/jlecol-2022-0007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/jlecol-2022-0007","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The Oued Srou watershed located in the Middle Atlas Mountain of Morocco has been a subject of serious soil erosion problems due to the combination of natural factors and anthropic activities. Therefore, soil erosion hazard assessment and mapping can be handy to initiate remedial measures in the area. In this study, the improved Erosion Potential Model (EPM) integrated with GIS and remote sensing techniques is employed to map and assess the vulnerability of the Oued Srou watershed to the water erosion phenomenon and its impact on the silting of the Ahmed El Hansali dam. The results of the EPM model showed that the maximum annual soil loss rates were in the range of 5-652 m3/km2/year, with an average of 49 m3/km2/year. The delivery coefficient ratio showed that about 34433 t/year of the sediments reach the outlet of the watershed. The correlation analysis between all erosion factors revealed the following order of their importance in the water erosion control: soil sensitivity to erosion, soil protection, slope, erosive state, temperature, and rainfall. The magnetic susceptibility provided results on the evolution of soils; it showed that the most degraded soils had a high erosion rate. Generally, the stable soils not eroded showed an upward increase of magnetic susceptibility values in soil profiles; the evolution of magnetic susceptibility of degraded soils is disturbed. The magnetic susceptibility has also made it possible to highlight the source zones of sediments that reach the outlet of the watershed.","PeriodicalId":37671,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Landscape Ecology(Czech Republic)","volume":"15 1","pages":"126 - 147"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43268308","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-01DOI: 10.2478/jlecol-2022-0003
P. Howard
Abstract From a largely autobiographical perspective, the development of the European concept of landscape is considered through the last fifty years, focussed on the gap between the environmental idea which has progressively become more ecological, so the landscape idea has become much more cultural. When they work together, there can be outstanding results, as demonstrated in the European Landscape Award. However, what seemed to be an unsteady progress towards a common understanding of cultural landscape can still receive dramatic shocks. The Pandemic is one such shock which has just begun to be absorbed into landscape thinking, and now the cosy concept of national and regional landscape identities is shattered yet again, by invasion, immigration and displacement.
{"title":"An English Life in Landscape: Watching Landscape Research Over Half a Century","authors":"P. Howard","doi":"10.2478/jlecol-2022-0003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/jlecol-2022-0003","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract From a largely autobiographical perspective, the development of the European concept of landscape is considered through the last fifty years, focussed on the gap between the environmental idea which has progressively become more ecological, so the landscape idea has become much more cultural. When they work together, there can be outstanding results, as demonstrated in the European Landscape Award. However, what seemed to be an unsteady progress towards a common understanding of cultural landscape can still receive dramatic shocks. The Pandemic is one such shock which has just begun to be absorbed into landscape thinking, and now the cosy concept of national and regional landscape identities is shattered yet again, by invasion, immigration and displacement.","PeriodicalId":37671,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Landscape Ecology(Czech Republic)","volume":"15 1","pages":"47 - 60"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47708289","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-01DOI: 10.2478/jlecol-2022-0002
Richa Sharma, Lolita Pradhan, Maya Kumari, P. Bhattacharya
Abstract Urban planning, with special attention to green space development, offers a relatively simple and low-cost solution to the impacts of climate change and urbanization faced by urban centres. The present work examines the spatial variability of availability of adequate sites for the development of urban green amenities in Noida city. Multi-criteria assessment of potential locations has been accomplished using Analytical Hierarchical Process coupled with geospatial technology. Urban land use, physiographic factors (slope and elevation), accessibility (proximity to roads), and presence of grey, green and blue amenities (Normalised Difference Built-up Index, Normalised Difference Vegetation Index and proximity to water bodies, respectively) are the seven key criteria used to derive the final green space suitability map. A total of 46.47 % of the land was found to be in the category of highly and moderately suitable for greening the city, highlighting the potential of developing different forms of green spaces in the area. Such holistic city scale analysis of availability of potential sites for green space development can be utilised by the city administrators and urban planners for future land use planning and improving the distribution and spatial connectivity of the green spaces in the city with the common goals of better health, a cleaner environment, and climate change mitigation.
{"title":"Urban Green Space Planning and Development in Urban Cities Using Geospatial Technology: A Case Study of Noida","authors":"Richa Sharma, Lolita Pradhan, Maya Kumari, P. Bhattacharya","doi":"10.2478/jlecol-2022-0002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/jlecol-2022-0002","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Urban planning, with special attention to green space development, offers a relatively simple and low-cost solution to the impacts of climate change and urbanization faced by urban centres. The present work examines the spatial variability of availability of adequate sites for the development of urban green amenities in Noida city. Multi-criteria assessment of potential locations has been accomplished using Analytical Hierarchical Process coupled with geospatial technology. Urban land use, physiographic factors (slope and elevation), accessibility (proximity to roads), and presence of grey, green and blue amenities (Normalised Difference Built-up Index, Normalised Difference Vegetation Index and proximity to water bodies, respectively) are the seven key criteria used to derive the final green space suitability map. A total of 46.47 % of the land was found to be in the category of highly and moderately suitable for greening the city, highlighting the potential of developing different forms of green spaces in the area. Such holistic city scale analysis of availability of potential sites for green space development can be utilised by the city administrators and urban planners for future land use planning and improving the distribution and spatial connectivity of the green spaces in the city with the common goals of better health, a cleaner environment, and climate change mitigation.","PeriodicalId":37671,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Landscape Ecology(Czech Republic)","volume":"15 1","pages":"27 - 46"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45352590","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-01DOI: 10.2478/jlecol-2022-0004
M. Dobrovodská, M. Moyzeová, P. Bezák, M. Mojses
Abstract Public perception and knowledge of land use changes, and preferences for future landscape development, can contribute to planning processes at different levels from the local to the national. Participatory processes and use of local knowledge are necessary for precise planning purposes and management of public affairs. This paper analyses the results of sociological research with regard to landscape development in Nová Vieska village in the Podunajská nížina lowland in Slovakia. The survey aimed to analyse the answers of local inhabitants and key stakeholders in the field of perception of land-use changes and their causes and biodiversity changes since 1990, as well as expectations of future land use and the driving forces of rural development. Local inhabitants were more likely to perceive changes in the productive parts of the study area (the decline of orchards and gardens, overgrowth of meadows and pastures, etc.), while key stakeholders perceived a broader range of changes in land use. According to the local inhabitants, the disintegration of cooperative farms was the main cause of the land use changes, and unsettled land ownership is the biggest obstacle to development of agricultural production. Key stakeholders cited economic, environmental (climate change) and social causes (ageing of population, change of life style, etc.) as the most important factors in land use change and they also perceived them as the most important obstacles for agricultural development. Local inhabitants (as well as key stakeholders) wished for an increase of the proportion of managed meadows and pastures, gardens, orchards, wetlands and non-forest vegetation, but they expect the opposite trend. The results confirmed that public knowledge of landscape development could provide substantial useful information for future development planning.
{"title":"Assessment of Local Knowledge About Land Use Relevant to Landscape Planning in a Case Study Area in Lowland Slovakia","authors":"M. Dobrovodská, M. Moyzeová, P. Bezák, M. Mojses","doi":"10.2478/jlecol-2022-0004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/jlecol-2022-0004","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Public perception and knowledge of land use changes, and preferences for future landscape development, can contribute to planning processes at different levels from the local to the national. Participatory processes and use of local knowledge are necessary for precise planning purposes and management of public affairs. This paper analyses the results of sociological research with regard to landscape development in Nová Vieska village in the Podunajská nížina lowland in Slovakia. The survey aimed to analyse the answers of local inhabitants and key stakeholders in the field of perception of land-use changes and their causes and biodiversity changes since 1990, as well as expectations of future land use and the driving forces of rural development. Local inhabitants were more likely to perceive changes in the productive parts of the study area (the decline of orchards and gardens, overgrowth of meadows and pastures, etc.), while key stakeholders perceived a broader range of changes in land use. According to the local inhabitants, the disintegration of cooperative farms was the main cause of the land use changes, and unsettled land ownership is the biggest obstacle to development of agricultural production. Key stakeholders cited economic, environmental (climate change) and social causes (ageing of population, change of life style, etc.) as the most important factors in land use change and they also perceived them as the most important obstacles for agricultural development. Local inhabitants (as well as key stakeholders) wished for an increase of the proportion of managed meadows and pastures, gardens, orchards, wetlands and non-forest vegetation, but they expect the opposite trend. The results confirmed that public knowledge of landscape development could provide substantial useful information for future development planning.","PeriodicalId":37671,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Landscape Ecology(Czech Republic)","volume":"15 1","pages":"61 - 77"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43071605","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-01DOI: 10.2478/jlecol-2022-0005
Tenaw Geremew, A. Gonsamo, Worku Zewdie, P. Pellikka
Abstract Global environmental changes have implications for the terrestrial ecosystem functioning, but disentangling individual effects remains elusive. The impact of vegetation responses to increasing atmospheric CO2 concentrations is particularly poorly understood. As the atmospheric CO2 concentration increases, the CO2 acts as a fertilizer for plant growth. An increase in atmospheric CO2 reduces the amount of water needed to produce an equivalent amount of biomass due to closing or a narrowing of the stomata that reduces the amount of water that is transpired by plants. To study the impacts of climate change and CO2 fertilization on plant growth, we analyzed the growing season sensitivity of plant growth to climatic forcing from alpine to semi-desert eco-climatic zones of Ethiopia for various plant functional types over the period of 1982–2011. Growing season 3rd generation Normalized Difference Vegetation Index of Global Inventory Modeling and Mapping Studies (NDVI) was used as a proxy of plant growth, while mean growing season precipitation (prec), temperature (temp), and solar radiation (sr) as the climate forcing. The sensitivities of plant growth are calculated as a partial correlation, and a derivative of NDVI with respect to prec, temp and sr for earliest and recent 15-year periods of the satellite records, and using a moving window of 15-year. Our results show increasing trends of plant growth that are not explained by any climate variables. We also find that an equivalent increase in prec leads to a larger increase in NDVI since the 1980s. This result implies a given amount of prec has sustained greater amounts of plant foliage materials over time due to decreasing transpiration with increasing CO2 concentration as expected from the CO2 fertilization effect on water use efficiency and plant growth. Increasing trends of growth in shallow-rooted vegetation tend to be associated with woody vegetation encroachment.
{"title":"Changing Sensitivity of Diverse Tropical Biomes to Precipitation Consistent with the Expected Carbon Dioxide Fertilization Effect","authors":"Tenaw Geremew, A. Gonsamo, Worku Zewdie, P. Pellikka","doi":"10.2478/jlecol-2022-0005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/jlecol-2022-0005","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Global environmental changes have implications for the terrestrial ecosystem functioning, but disentangling individual effects remains elusive. The impact of vegetation responses to increasing atmospheric CO2 concentrations is particularly poorly understood. As the atmospheric CO2 concentration increases, the CO2 acts as a fertilizer for plant growth. An increase in atmospheric CO2 reduces the amount of water needed to produce an equivalent amount of biomass due to closing or a narrowing of the stomata that reduces the amount of water that is transpired by plants. To study the impacts of climate change and CO2 fertilization on plant growth, we analyzed the growing season sensitivity of plant growth to climatic forcing from alpine to semi-desert eco-climatic zones of Ethiopia for various plant functional types over the period of 1982–2011. Growing season 3rd generation Normalized Difference Vegetation Index of Global Inventory Modeling and Mapping Studies (NDVI) was used as a proxy of plant growth, while mean growing season precipitation (prec), temperature (temp), and solar radiation (sr) as the climate forcing. The sensitivities of plant growth are calculated as a partial correlation, and a derivative of NDVI with respect to prec, temp and sr for earliest and recent 15-year periods of the satellite records, and using a moving window of 15-year. Our results show increasing trends of plant growth that are not explained by any climate variables. We also find that an equivalent increase in prec leads to a larger increase in NDVI since the 1980s. This result implies a given amount of prec has sustained greater amounts of plant foliage materials over time due to decreasing transpiration with increasing CO2 concentration as expected from the CO2 fertilization effect on water use efficiency and plant growth. Increasing trends of growth in shallow-rooted vegetation tend to be associated with woody vegetation encroachment.","PeriodicalId":37671,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Landscape Ecology(Czech Republic)","volume":"15 1","pages":"78 - 93"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46321801","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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