Pub Date : 2022-06-01DOI: 10.53106/172635812022060041004
曾國峰 曾國峰
通傳會治理傳播與通訊市場，所制定的法案對於民眾、產業與社會均造成各種面向的衝擊，但過去甚少有研究檢視其立法機制是否合理，制定的規範有無達成政策目標。雖然法規影響評估(RIA)已經普遍應用在OECD國家，國發會也要求中央部會納入法規制定作業程序，但研究發現，通傳會與行政部會類似，仍會受到外部行政立法機關介入與利益團體遊說，而內部政務官與事務官權力不對等的從屬科層，以及缺乏量化數據與質性資料對產業與內容的分析能量，都不利於執行完整的法規影響評估。 The National Communications Commission (NCC) regulates telecommunications and media services in Taiwan, and most of its laws and policies affect citizens, industries, and society. Few studies have explored the functionality of the legislative process and whether the laws serve their purpose, although several ministries have applied regulatory impact assessment (RIA) to the legislative process. This study discovered lobbies outside organizations, such as political parties and interest groups, reduce staff members’ professionalism and independence. In addition, bureaucratic culture and a lack of professionalism prevent RIA from being conducted in a timely manner. Therefore, the NCC should reorganize its staff, redistribute resources, and engage in dialogue with political appointees and ordinary civil servants to effectively regulate telecommunications and the media and produce high-quality laws and policies.
通传会治理传播与通讯市场，所制定的法案对于民众、产业与社会均造成各种面向的冲击，但过去甚少有研究检视其立法机制是否合理，制定的规范有无达成政策目标。虽然法规影响评估(RIA)已经普遍应用在OECD国家，国发会也要求中央部会纳入法规制定作业程序，但研究发现，通传会与行政部会类似，仍会受到外部行政立法机关介入与利益团体游说，而内部政务官与事务官权力不对等的从属科层，以及缺乏量化数据与质性资料对产业与内容的分析能量，都不利于执行完整的法规影响评估。 The National Communications Commission (NCC) regulates telecommunications and media services in Taiwan, and most of its laws and policies affect citizens, industries, and society. Few studies have explored the functionality of the legislative process and whether the laws serve their purpose, although several ministries have applied regulatory impact assessment (RIA) to the legislative process. This study discovered lobbies outside organizations, such as political parties and interest groups, reduce staff members’ professionalism and independence. In addition, bureaucratic culture and a lack of professionalism prevent RIA from being conducted in a timely manner. Therefore, the NCC should reorganize its staff, redistribute resources, and engage in dialogue with political appointees and ordinary civil servants to effectively regulate telecommunications and the media and produce high-quality laws and policies.
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Pub Date : 2022-06-01DOI: 10.53106/172635812022060041008
陳佳琦 陳佳琦
本文評論張世倫所著之《現實的探求——臺灣攝影史形構考》一書。本書具備臺灣攝影史的批判性歷史綱要之雛型，但在臺灣攝影史研究積累仍不夠成熟的現況之下，抗拒了整體歷史書寫的使命，卻也同時打開了檔案研究的可能性。本文首先就臺灣攝影史架構的反省與研究進路，衡量本書在攝影史研究進路上的角色意義與推進。其次，之於歷來攝影史的史料發掘、繼承與再考工作，觀察《形構考》展示了怎樣的研究實踐、意義與價值。最後，本書強調將影像與檔案予以「問題意識化」，而其對國族攝影史的抵抗之外，進行了怎樣的實踐及其可能產生的正面意義。 This article reviews Shih-Lun Chang’s book titled Reclaiming Reality: On the Historical Formation of Taiwanese Photography, which has been concluded to be a prototype of a critical historical outline of the history of Taiwanese photography. Research on the history of photography in Taiwan remains insufficient, and this book resists the mission of overall historical writing as well as opens up possibilities for archival research. This review firstly, based on the reflections on the study frame of Taiwan photography history, evaluates the significance and advancement of this book. Secondly, regarding the excavation, inheritance, and archaeology of historical photographic materials, this article uncovers the meaning and values of the type of research discussed in this book. Finally, this article emphasizes that the “problem-consciousness” of the book creates practical and positive meaning that goes beyond the resistance to the history of national photography.
本文评论张世伦所著之《现实的探求——台湾摄影史形构考》一书。本书具备台湾摄影史的批判性历史纲要之雏型，但在台湾摄影史研究积累仍不够成熟的现况之下，抗拒了整体历史书写的使命，却也同时打开了档案研究的可能性。本文首先就台湾摄影史架构的反省与研究进路，衡量本书在摄影史研究进路上的角色意义与推进。其次，之于历来摄影史的史料发掘、继承与再考工作，观察《形构考》展示了怎样的研究实践、意义与价值。最后，本书强调将影像与档案予以「问题意识化」，而其对国族摄影史的抵抗之外，进行了怎样的实践及其可能产生的正面意义。 This article reviews Shih-Lun Chang’s book titled Reclaiming Reality: On the Historical Formation of Taiwanese Photography, which has been concluded to be a prototype of a critical historical outline of the history of Taiwanese photography. Research on the history of photography in Taiwan remains insufficient, and this book resists the mission of overall historical writing as well as opens up possibilities for archival research. This review firstly, based on the reflections on the study frame of Taiwan photography history, evaluates the significance and advancement of this book. Secondly, regarding the excavation, inheritance, and archaeology of historical photographic materials, this article uncovers the meaning and values of the type of research discussed in this book. Finally, this article emphasizes that the “problem-consciousness” of the book creates practical and positive meaning that goes beyond the resistance to the history of national photography.
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Pub Date : 2022-06-01DOI: 10.53106/172635812022060041010
羅世宏 羅世宏
合而觀之，朱莉亞.卡熱和瑪莎.米諾的這兩本書都值得細讀，分別從經濟學和法學的角度論證了媒體政策變革的必要性與迫切性，也都不約而同地在書名中強調了「拯救」(saving)一詞，不只論證 新聞業值得救，也各自提出了如何救媒體(media)與救新聞(news)的具體建議。從她們的書中，新聞業政策思辨逐漸清晰，典範轉移呼之欲出，代表著歐陸與北美學術界關於新聞業前途的重要立論，非常值得台灣本地關心新聞與民主前景的人參考，並且用以思考綢繆本地新聞業危機的改革策略與主張。 These two books, Saving the Media and Saving the News, written by Julia Cagé in 2015 and Martha Minow in 2021, are worth reading. Cagé and Minow demonstrate the urgency of media policy reform from the perspectives of economics and law respectively. They emphasize the word “saving” to indicate that journalism is worth saving and to propose suggestions on how to save the media and the news. In their books, the imperative for a journalism policy is clarified, and a paradigm shift in thoughts about the future of journalism emerges. These authors voice a renewed concern for the future of journalism in European and North American academic circles, and this concern should be taken seriously. We are in urgent need of media reform strategies and solutions for overcoming the journalism crisis in Taiwan.
合而观之，朱莉亚.卡热和玛莎.米诺的这两本书都值得细读，分别从经济学和法学的角度论证了媒体政策变革的必要性与迫切性，也都不约而同地在书名中强调了「拯救」(saving)一词，不只论证 新闻业值得救，也各自提出了如何救媒体(media)与救新闻(news)的具体建议。从她们的书中，新闻业政策思辨逐渐清晰，典范转移呼之欲出，代表著欧陆与北美学术界关于新闻业前途的重要立论，非常值得台湾本地关心新闻与民主前景的人参考，并且用以思考绸缪本地新闻业危机的改革策略与主张。 These two books, Saving the Media and Saving the News, written by Julia Cagé in 2015 and Martha Minow in 2021, are worth reading. Cagé and Minow demonstrate the urgency of media policy reform from the perspectives of economics and law respectively. They emphasize the word “saving” to indicate that journalism is worth saving and to propose suggestions on how to save the media and the news. In their books, the imperative for a journalism policy is clarified, and a paradigm shift in thoughts about the future of journalism emerges. These authors voice a renewed concern for the future of journalism in European and North American academic circles, and this concern should be taken seriously. We are in urgent need of media reform strategies and solutions for overcoming the journalism crisis in Taiwan.
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