Pub Date : 2019-09-01DOI: 10.1109/HISTELCON47851.2019.9040104
T. Whittingham
The development of B-mode imaging, including features such as contact scanning, spatial compounding and a limited form of grey scale display, is reviewed up to the 1960s, in relation to the work of Brown and Donald in Glasgow.
{"title":"The early days of medical ultrasound imaging with particular reference to developments in Glasgow","authors":"T. Whittingham","doi":"10.1109/HISTELCON47851.2019.9040104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/HISTELCON47851.2019.9040104","url":null,"abstract":"The development of B-mode imaging, including features such as contact scanning, spatial compounding and a limited form of grey scale display, is reviewed up to the 1960s, in relation to the work of Brown and Donald in Glasgow.","PeriodicalId":377309,"journal":{"name":"2019 6th IEEE History of Electrotechnology Conference (HISTELCON)","volume":"94 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115681896","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-09-01DOI: 10.1109/HISTELCON47851.2019.9040023
F. Frezza, S. Maddio, G. Pelosi, S. Selleri
The International System of units used nowadays in most of the word experienced a turning point in the first half of the XX century with the introduction of the ampere (A) as a fourth unit in addition to the original length (M – meter), mass (K – kilogram) and time (S – second), hence turning from a MKS to a MKSA system. This addition was a non-trivial and lengthy process mainly carried on by the Italian engineer Giovanni Giorgi. This contribution retraces this revolution in the measurement system.
{"title":"The Key role of Giovanni Giorgi in Developing the MKSA System of Units","authors":"F. Frezza, S. Maddio, G. Pelosi, S. Selleri","doi":"10.1109/HISTELCON47851.2019.9040023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/HISTELCON47851.2019.9040023","url":null,"abstract":"The International System of units used nowadays in most of the word experienced a turning point in the first half of the XX century with the introduction of the ampere (A) as a fourth unit in addition to the original length (M – meter), mass (K – kilogram) and time (S – second), hence turning from a MKS to a MKSA system. This addition was a non-trivial and lengthy process mainly carried on by the Italian engineer Giovanni Giorgi. This contribution retraces this revolution in the measurement system.","PeriodicalId":377309,"journal":{"name":"2019 6th IEEE History of Electrotechnology Conference (HISTELCON)","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133096158","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-09-01DOI: 10.1109/HISTELCON47851.2019.9040018
R. Saam
Pocket computers are a category of personal computer. A complete computer system in a small battery powered package that slips in your pocket, it has all the elements needed for writing and running programs. They are reliable, affordable and useable by persons with minimum knowledge. Applications benefit from quick, on the spot data gathering, validation, analysis. Learning to program was simple and easy with the manuals supplied with them.
{"title":"A History of Pocket Computers 1980–2000","authors":"R. Saam","doi":"10.1109/HISTELCON47851.2019.9040018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/HISTELCON47851.2019.9040018","url":null,"abstract":"Pocket computers are a category of personal computer. A complete computer system in a small battery powered package that slips in your pocket, it has all the elements needed for writing and running programs. They are reliable, affordable and useable by persons with minimum knowledge. Applications benefit from quick, on the spot data gathering, validation, analysis. Learning to program was simple and easy with the manuals supplied with them.","PeriodicalId":377309,"journal":{"name":"2019 6th IEEE History of Electrotechnology Conference (HISTELCON)","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134509501","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-09-01DOI: 10.1109/histelcon47851.2019.9039965
{"title":"HISTELCON 2019 Organisers and Representatives of Supporting Organisations","authors":"","doi":"10.1109/histelcon47851.2019.9039965","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/histelcon47851.2019.9039965","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":377309,"journal":{"name":"2019 6th IEEE History of Electrotechnology Conference (HISTELCON)","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132295118","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-09-01DOI: 10.1109/histelcon47851.2019.9039996
{"title":"HISTELCON 2019 Table of Contents","authors":"","doi":"10.1109/histelcon47851.2019.9039996","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/histelcon47851.2019.9039996","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":377309,"journal":{"name":"2019 6th IEEE History of Electrotechnology Conference (HISTELCON)","volume":"60 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133504515","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-09-01DOI: 10.1109/HISTELCON47851.2019.9039960
Alexander B. Magoun
Claude Shannon is renowned for his master’s thesis in which he applied George Boole’s binary logic to electrical switching networks, establishing the mathematical basis for digital circuit design. Far less publicized is his contribution to the innovation of a personal digital computer some 20 years later. Between 1954 and 1961, while working at AT&T’s Bell Telephone Laboratories and teaching at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, he designed and built an embodiment of a programmable, digital switching network of electromechanical relays and licensed its techniques to two entrepreneurs, Edmund Berkeley and Oliver Garfield, for sale as a home computer. The GENIAC, BRAINIAC, and MINIVAC represented iterations of Shannon’s work at Bell Labs and sowed interest in digital computing with young people in the United States and in parts of Europe, well over ten years before electronic digital computers equipped with microprocessors reached a much bigger audience.
{"title":"The Mystery of Claude Shannon’s Personal Computer","authors":"Alexander B. Magoun","doi":"10.1109/HISTELCON47851.2019.9039960","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/HISTELCON47851.2019.9039960","url":null,"abstract":"Claude Shannon is renowned for his master’s thesis in which he applied George Boole’s binary logic to electrical switching networks, establishing the mathematical basis for digital circuit design. Far less publicized is his contribution to the innovation of a personal digital computer some 20 years later. Between 1954 and 1961, while working at AT&T’s Bell Telephone Laboratories and teaching at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, he designed and built an embodiment of a programmable, digital switching network of electromechanical relays and licensed its techniques to two entrepreneurs, Edmund Berkeley and Oliver Garfield, for sale as a home computer. The GENIAC, BRAINIAC, and MINIVAC represented iterations of Shannon’s work at Bell Labs and sowed interest in digital computing with young people in the United States and in parts of Europe, well over ten years before electronic digital computers equipped with microprocessors reached a much bigger audience.","PeriodicalId":377309,"journal":{"name":"2019 6th IEEE History of Electrotechnology Conference (HISTELCON)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129019573","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-09-01DOI: 10.1109/HISTELCON47851.2019.9039963
M. Geselowitz
Historians of scientific thought and philosophy have emphasized during the Enlightenment a shift from chance-based medieval thought to probability-based modern thought. They have not, however, focused on the technology that makes the implementation of such thought possible. At the same time, historians of computing have emphasized the rise of mechanical calculators—predecessors of modern computers—in this same period, but only in reference to solving practical problems arising from increasingly complex societies. This paper will draw on the two different streams of historical thought to show how the rise of probability and statistics and the rise of mechanical calculating devices were inextricably linked in complex ways.
{"title":"Tinkerers Ever to Chance: Engineers, Computers, and the Rise of Probablistic Thinking","authors":"M. Geselowitz","doi":"10.1109/HISTELCON47851.2019.9039963","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/HISTELCON47851.2019.9039963","url":null,"abstract":"Historians of scientific thought and philosophy have emphasized during the Enlightenment a shift from chance-based medieval thought to probability-based modern thought. They have not, however, focused on the technology that makes the implementation of such thought possible. At the same time, historians of computing have emphasized the rise of mechanical calculators—predecessors of modern computers—in this same period, but only in reference to solving practical problems arising from increasingly complex societies. This paper will draw on the two different streams of historical thought to show how the rise of probability and statistics and the rise of mechanical calculating devices were inextricably linked in complex ways.","PeriodicalId":377309,"journal":{"name":"2019 6th IEEE History of Electrotechnology Conference (HISTELCON)","volume":"158 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123333973","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-09-01DOI: 10.1109/HISTELCON47851.2019.9040021
G. Pelosi, S. Selleri
History can be a tricky subject, even when the temporal distance from the events is as short as a couple of lifespans. In this contribution the main steps carried out by IEEE which led to the restoration of the historical truth on the first radio experiments by Marconi are briefly recollected. IEEE proved not only his important worldwide role in promoting knowledge and culture in electrical and electronic topics, but also ethical and moral integrity.
{"title":"Recent Outcomes of the Investigations on Guglielmo Marconi Supposed Experiments in Switzerland","authors":"G. Pelosi, S. Selleri","doi":"10.1109/HISTELCON47851.2019.9040021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/HISTELCON47851.2019.9040021","url":null,"abstract":"History can be a tricky subject, even when the temporal distance from the events is as short as a couple of lifespans. In this contribution the main steps carried out by IEEE which led to the restoration of the historical truth on the first radio experiments by Marconi are briefly recollected. IEEE proved not only his important worldwide role in promoting knowledge and culture in electrical and electronic topics, but also ethical and moral integrity.","PeriodicalId":377309,"journal":{"name":"2019 6th IEEE History of Electrotechnology Conference (HISTELCON)","volume":"44 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122424947","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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