The exRNA consortium, a team of researchers funded by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG), addresses crucial aspects of cross-kingdom RNA interference (ckRNAi) and RNA application in plant protection, mainly focusing on mechanistic considerations and application efficiencies.
{"title":"Establishment of a DFG-funded research group on the topic of plant-microbe communication through extracellular RNA","authors":"K. Kogel","doi":"10.47184/tev.2021.01.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47184/tev.2021.01.02","url":null,"abstract":"The exRNA consortium, a team of researchers funded by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG), addresses crucial aspects of cross-kingdom RNA interference (ckRNAi) and RNA application in plant protection, mainly focusing on mechanistic considerations and application efficiencies.","PeriodicalId":377329,"journal":{"name":"On the composition and therapeutic usage of extracellular vesicles","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122208204","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Marie-Luise Mosbach, E. Pogge von Strandmann, C. Preußer
Since the advent of extracellular vesicle (EV) research in the last decade, these particles have been associated with RNAs. Traded as promising new biomarkers, RNA transport vehicles, or ultimately as potential therapeutic RNA delivery vehicles. However, this view is currently undergoing a change in which RNA may no longer be a major component of EVs. In this short opinion paper, we would like to encourage a reconsideration of our view on EVs and RNAs and open it up to new thoughts.
{"title":"RNAs and extracellular vesicles - Keeping up the appearances","authors":"Marie-Luise Mosbach, E. Pogge von Strandmann, C. Preußer","doi":"10.47184/tev.2021.01.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47184/tev.2021.01.01","url":null,"abstract":"Since the advent of extracellular vesicle (EV) research in the last decade, these particles have been associated with RNAs. Traded as promising new biomarkers, RNA transport vehicles, or ultimately as potential therapeutic RNA delivery vehicles. However, this view is currently undergoing a change in which RNA may no longer be a major component of EVs. In this short opinion paper, we would like to encourage a reconsideration of our view on EVs and RNAs and open it up to new thoughts.","PeriodicalId":377329,"journal":{"name":"On the composition and therapeutic usage of extracellular vesicles","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115272174","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Extracellular vesicles (EV) are mediators of intercellular communication locally in tissue microenvironments and enable distal across organ communication between cells of the same origin and those from different sources. EV surface proteins and lipids enable interaction with particular cells, whereas their internal payload of RNA, transcription factors, DNA, enzymes and metabolites functionally alters recipient cells. EV-interactions and uptake induce changes in cellular proliferation, differentiation, cell movement, as well as transcriptional and epigenetic regulation. These unique properties of EV poise them as attractive therapeutics in a broad range of pathologies, but questions remain in translating EV discoveries to effective therapies. Here, I briefly discuss the need for more stringent considerations for EV-therapeutic effects with a focus on EV biodistribution profiles in appropriate disease models and routes of EV administration with a particular focus on the vasculature.
{"title":"Extracellular vesicle therapeutics: the issue of one size fits all","authors":"N. Akbar","doi":"10.47184/tev.2021.01.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47184/tev.2021.01.04","url":null,"abstract":"Extracellular vesicles (EV) are mediators of intercellular communication locally in tissue microenvironments and enable distal across organ communication between cells of the same origin and those from different sources. EV surface proteins and lipids enable interaction with particular cells, whereas their internal payload of RNA, transcription factors, DNA, enzymes and metabolites functionally alters recipient cells. EV-interactions and uptake induce changes in cellular proliferation, differentiation, cell movement, as well as transcriptional and epigenetic regulation. These unique properties of EV poise them as attractive therapeutics in a broad range of pathologies, but questions remain in translating EV discoveries to effective therapies. Here, I briefly discuss the need for more stringent considerations for EV-therapeutic effects with a focus on EV biodistribution profiles in appropriate disease models and routes of EV administration with a particular focus on the vasculature.","PeriodicalId":377329,"journal":{"name":"On the composition and therapeutic usage of extracellular vesicles","volume":"201 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134346922","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Gómez-Serrano, C. Preußer, Kathrin Stelter, E. Pogge von Strandmann
The characterization of extracellular vesicles (EVs) has evolved rapidly in recent years due to advances in straightforward technologies. Based on these more sensitive methods, it is now possible to describe EV populations in their entirety more precisely. However, these applications require an equivalently delicate experiment design and optimization steps to draw valid conclusions in the end. One of these methods is represented by the highly sensitive nanoflow cytometry (nFCM), by which particles can be analyzed not only on their size (< 40 nm) and concentration but also concerning surface markers. In this work, we addressed some of the potential caveats of this method, especially when characterizing particles with fluorescently labelled antibodies. In particular, we show, when using low particle concentrations, which are inevitably encountered when working with EVs, the characterization of surface markers is prone to significantly varying. We hypothesized that these technical limitations could respond to the stickiness of EVs and should be properly counteracted. As a reference, we strongly recommend performing particle number-based comparisons with at least 109 particles as staining input in nFCM analyses. Moreover, we provided representative particle-number based immunoblotting results, underlying the significance of this parameter as a normalizer in future EV research.
{"title":"The more the better – determining the optimal range when performing single-vesicle phenotyping","authors":"M. Gómez-Serrano, C. Preußer, Kathrin Stelter, E. Pogge von Strandmann","doi":"10.47184/tev.2021.01.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47184/tev.2021.01.03","url":null,"abstract":"The characterization of extracellular vesicles (EVs) has evolved rapidly in recent years due to advances in straightforward technologies. Based on these more sensitive methods, it is now possible to describe EV populations in their entirety more precisely. However, these applications require an equivalently delicate experiment design and optimization steps to draw valid conclusions in the end. One of these methods is represented by the highly sensitive nanoflow cytometry (nFCM), by which particles can be analyzed not only on their size (< 40 nm) and concentration but also concerning surface markers. In this work, we addressed some of the potential caveats of this method, especially when characterizing particles with fluorescently labelled antibodies. In particular, we show, when using low particle concentrations, which are inevitably encountered when working with EVs, the characterization of surface markers is prone to significantly varying. We hypothesized that these technical limitations could respond to the stickiness of EVs and should be properly counteracted. As a reference, we strongly recommend performing particle number-based comparisons with at least 109 particles as staining input in nFCM analyses. Moreover, we provided representative particle-number based immunoblotting results, underlying the significance of this parameter as a normalizer in future EV research.","PeriodicalId":377329,"journal":{"name":"On the composition and therapeutic usage of extracellular vesicles","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121664722","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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