In Ireland, the Protestant missionary impetus of the early 19th century, known as the 'Second Reformation', coincided with Daniel O’Connell’s movement for the emancipation of Catholics and the Repeal of the Union which concurrently met with resounding success. As the Irish nationalist movement was becoming more and more catholicised, The Irish Society for Promoting the Education of the Native Irish through the Medium of Their Own Language promoted access to the Bible in “the pure Gaelic language and the Irish character” for both the spiritual salvation of “the [poorer] sons of Erin” and “the political repose and moral amelioration of Ireland.” Even if the Second Reformation has often been considered as an attempt at anglicising the Irish through conversion, a reassessment of the reciprocal influences of Protestant missions and Irish nationalism is timely. Therefore, this paper, relying on a wide range of archival material, intends to examine how the discourse of this Protestant society disrupted the status quo of Irish and British identities. Was the Society’s redefinition of Irish identity, which combined a shared Irish culture with loyalty to the British state, perceived by O’Connell’s nationalist movement as a threat or an opportunity? This exploration of the relationship between Christianity and nationalism highlights the complex ties that can be found between several layered identities and disrupts the binaries of the vernacular being promoted by the champions of independence and of native languages being erased by the advocates of imperial rule.
在爱尔兰，19世纪早期的新教传教运动，被称为“第二次宗教改革”，恰逢丹尼尔·奥康奈尔(Daniel O ' connell)的天主教徒解放运动和废除联邦运动同时取得了巨大成功。随着爱尔兰民族主义运动变得越来越天主教化，“爱尔兰本地语言教育促进会”(the Irish Society for Promoting the Native Irish through Their Own Language)提倡使用“纯正的盖尔语和爱尔兰特色”的《圣经》，既是为了“爱尔兰(较贫穷的)儿子们”的精神救赎，也是为了“爱尔兰的政治安宁和道德改善”。即使第二次宗教改革经常被认为是试图通过改变信仰来使爱尔兰人英国化，重新评估新教使命和爱尔兰民族主义的相互影响是及时的。因此，本文拟借助广泛的档案资料，研究新教社会的话语如何扰乱爱尔兰和英国身份的现状。该协会对爱尔兰身份的重新定义，将共同的爱尔兰文化与对英国国家的忠诚结合在一起，被奥康奈尔的民族主义运动视为威胁还是机遇?这种对基督教和民族主义之间关系的探索，突出了多重身份之间的复杂联系，打破了独立捍卫者所推崇的本土语言和帝国统治倡导者所抹去的本土语言的二元对立。
{"title":"“Teaching the poor of the Irish nation”: The Endeavours of the Protestant “Sons of Erin” to Educate Their Catholic “Brethren” in the Age of Catholic Agitation, 1800–1850","authors":"Karina Bénazech Wendling","doi":"10.33182/ijor.v2i2.1687","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33182/ijor.v2i2.1687","url":null,"abstract":"In Ireland, the Protestant missionary impetus of the early 19th century, known as the 'Second Reformation', coincided with Daniel O’Connell’s movement for the emancipation of Catholics and the Repeal of the Union which concurrently met with resounding success. As the Irish nationalist movement was becoming more and more catholicised, The Irish Society for Promoting the Education of the Native Irish through the Medium of Their Own Language promoted access to the Bible in “the pure Gaelic language and the Irish character” for both the spiritual salvation of “the [poorer] sons of Erin” and “the political repose and moral amelioration of Ireland.” Even if the Second Reformation has often been considered as an attempt at anglicising the Irish through conversion, a reassessment of the reciprocal influences of Protestant missions and Irish nationalism is timely. Therefore, this paper, relying on a wide range of archival material, intends to examine how the discourse of this Protestant society disrupted the status quo of Irish and British identities. Was the Society’s redefinition of Irish identity, which combined a shared Irish culture with loyalty to the British state, perceived by O’Connell’s nationalist movement as a threat or an opportunity? This exploration of the relationship between Christianity and nationalism highlights the complex ties that can be found between several layered identities and disrupts the binaries of the vernacular being promoted by the champions of independence and of native languages being erased by the advocates of imperial rule.","PeriodicalId":37763,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Religion and Spirituality in Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73926644","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
For President Donald Trump’s most committed Christian devotees—those with ears to hear—his rise to power was prophesied, and the 2016 victory was miraculous. Prophets again foretold re-election in 2020. These charismatic Trump supporters tended to come from outside the main denominations, and when the electoral college swung towards Joe Biden, the results were not accepted. In rejecting the election, they became fellow travellers with more overtly militant and conspiratorial groups—sometimes sharing a stage with them. This article describes the discourse of prophetic populism from 2011 to 2021—focusing in particular on the three months from the 2020 election to the storming of Capitol Hill to the inauguration of Joe Biden. Although Trump repeatedly says, ‘Promises Made, Promises Kept’, these prophetic promises did not materialise—leading some to try to force God’s hand. This article explores the reaction to three consecutive disappointments that took their toll on prophetic populism: the declaration of Joe Biden as president-elect in November 2020, the certification of his victory in early January 2021 and the inauguration later that month. It demonstrates the power of a relatively new force in conservative politics, the flexibility of beliefs in divine involvement and the resilience of these beliefs in light of weighty disconfirming evidence.
{"title":"Prophetic Populism and the Violent Rejection of Joe Biden’s Election: Mapping the Theology of the Capitol Insurrection","authors":"M. Rowley","doi":"10.33182/ijor.v2i2.1697","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33182/ijor.v2i2.1697","url":null,"abstract":"For President Donald Trump’s most committed Christian devotees—those with ears to hear—his rise to power was prophesied, and the 2016 victory was miraculous. Prophets again foretold re-election in 2020. These charismatic Trump supporters tended to come from outside the main denominations, and when the electoral college swung towards Joe Biden, the results were not accepted. In rejecting the election, they became fellow travellers with more overtly militant and conspiratorial groups—sometimes sharing a stage with them. This article describes the discourse of prophetic populism from 2011 to 2021—focusing in particular on the three months from the 2020 election to the storming of Capitol Hill to the inauguration of Joe Biden. Although Trump repeatedly says, ‘Promises Made, Promises Kept’, these prophetic promises did not materialise—leading some to try to force God’s hand. This article explores the reaction to three consecutive disappointments that took their toll on prophetic populism: the declaration of Joe Biden as president-elect in November 2020, the certification of his victory in early January 2021 and the inauguration later that month. It demonstrates the power of a relatively new force in conservative politics, the flexibility of beliefs in divine involvement and the resilience of these beliefs in light of weighty disconfirming evidence.","PeriodicalId":37763,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Religion and Spirituality in Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89671742","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article theorises ideations of “the people” in a comparative reflection on Latin-Christian theologies and typologies of time and secularised appropriations thereof in right-wing as well as far-right movements in Europe and the United States of America. Understanding the world in grand narratives of “good” and “evil” emerges from Christian eschatological hope: the hope of the restoration and renewal of the cosmos and the final defeat of evil prophesised in association with the return of Christ. However, this language of good and evil becomes detached from the wider corpus of Christian belief and theology. In its secular expression, it may attach the good to an abstract and normative account of “the people”, who are defined in contrast to a range of others, both internal and external to the nation. Secular iterations might further echo the stratification of present, past and future through a sacralisation of the past and a dramatization of the future. The context of contemporary right-wing and far-right movements poses a series of questions about the relationship between belief and belonging, the acceptability of the secularization of Christian traditions and theologies, and the extent to which Christian communities can legitimately associate with right-wing movements.
{"title":"A Posture of Protest? The Search for Christian Identity in A Post-Secular Society: Between Secularised Eschatology and A Sacralisation of History","authors":"Mariëtta Van der Tol, M. Rowley","doi":"10.33182/ijor.v2i2.1700","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33182/ijor.v2i2.1700","url":null,"abstract":"This article theorises ideations of “the people” in a comparative reflection on Latin-Christian theologies and typologies of time and secularised appropriations thereof in right-wing as well as far-right movements in Europe and the United States of America. Understanding the world in grand narratives of “good” and “evil” emerges from Christian eschatological hope: the hope of the restoration and renewal of the cosmos and the final defeat of evil prophesised in association with the return of Christ. However, this language of good and evil becomes detached from the wider corpus of Christian belief and theology. In its secular expression, it may attach the good to an abstract and normative account of “the people”, who are defined in contrast to a range of others, both internal and external to the nation. Secular iterations might further echo the stratification of present, past and future through a sacralisation of the past and a dramatization of the future. The context of contemporary right-wing and far-right movements poses a series of questions about the relationship between belief and belonging, the acceptability of the secularization of Christian traditions and theologies, and the extent to which Christian communities can legitimately associate with right-wing movements.","PeriodicalId":37763,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Religion and Spirituality in Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79513274","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The Coronavirus crisis has undoubtedly changed the landscape of the world. The pandemic has radically changed the way of life of most of the seven billion people in the global community. In the past, people living in uncertain times have sought solace and comfort in God, through the medium of faith. This paper considers historical perspectives of past epidemics and pandemics, comparing and contrasting the themes that arise through relevant religious teachings of Islam and Christianity, with the aim of identifying sources of consolation to contemporary adherents in the current crisis.
{"title":"A Discussion of Relevant Religious Teachings from Islam and Christianity to the COVID-19 Crisis.","authors":"Irfan Raja","doi":"10.33182/IJOR.V2I1.1544","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33182/IJOR.V2I1.1544","url":null,"abstract":"The Coronavirus crisis has undoubtedly changed the landscape of the world. The pandemic has radically changed the way of life of most of the seven billion people in the global community. In the past, people living in uncertain times have sought solace and comfort in God, through the medium of faith. This paper considers historical perspectives of past epidemics and pandemics, comparing and contrasting the themes that arise through relevant religious teachings of Islam and Christianity, with the aim of identifying sources of consolation to contemporary adherents in the current crisis.","PeriodicalId":37763,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Religion and Spirituality in Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79188640","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In Taiwan, abortion was legalized in 1984. This paper examines the voices surrounding abortion expressed by monasteries in Humanistic Buddhism, a prominent Buddhist philosophy practiced in modern Taiwan. Humanistic Buddhism emphasizes that it is a “religion of the people.” However, in addition to the law of karma and causality, the value of all life forms is prioritized based on the ethics of “non-harming (ahimsā).” When some monasteries insist that abortion is killing, resulting in karmic retribution, some express sympathy with a woman’s decision to abort. When some monasteries promote a newly popularized ritual to appease aborted fetuses, some are keenly critical of the exploitation of women and manipulation of scriptures. Through a discursive analysis, this paper demonstrates the wide spectrum of Buddhist narratives in response to reproductive politics embedded in the conflicts between modernity and tradition, as well as locality and globality.
{"title":"Pro-Life or Pro-Choice? Humanistic Buddhists’ Voices Surrounding Abortion in Contemporary Taiwan","authors":"Grace Cheng-Ying Lin","doi":"10.33182/IJOR.V2I1.1107","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33182/IJOR.V2I1.1107","url":null,"abstract":"In Taiwan, abortion was legalized in 1984. This paper examines the voices surrounding abortion expressed by monasteries in Humanistic Buddhism, a prominent Buddhist philosophy practiced in modern Taiwan. Humanistic Buddhism emphasizes that it is a “religion of the people.” However, in addition to the law of karma and causality, the value of all life forms is prioritized based on the ethics of “non-harming (ahimsā).” When some monasteries insist that abortion is killing, resulting in karmic retribution, some express sympathy with a woman’s decision to abort. When some monasteries promote a newly popularized ritual to appease aborted fetuses, some are keenly critical of the exploitation of women and manipulation of scriptures. Through a discursive analysis, this paper demonstrates the wide spectrum of Buddhist narratives in response to reproductive politics embedded in the conflicts between modernity and tradition, as well as locality and globality.","PeriodicalId":37763,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Religion and Spirituality in Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85902947","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.18848/2154-8633/CGP/V11I01/93-106
Vivencio O. Ballano
{"title":"Why Is Catholic Social Teaching Difficult to Implement in Society?: A Theological-Sociological Analysis","authors":"Vivencio O. Ballano","doi":"10.18848/2154-8633/CGP/V11I01/93-106","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18848/2154-8633/CGP/V11I01/93-106","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":37763,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Religion and Spirituality in Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67504851","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.18848/2154-8633/CGP/V11I02/119-130
Phil Fitzsimmons, Jonathan Kasler, Edie Lanphar
{"title":"Israeli Spirituality from an Integrated Perspective: One Tertiary Cohort’s Voice, Viewpoint, and Values","authors":"Phil Fitzsimmons, Jonathan Kasler, Edie Lanphar","doi":"10.18848/2154-8633/CGP/V11I02/119-130","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18848/2154-8633/CGP/V11I02/119-130","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":37763,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Religion and Spirituality in Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67505003","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.18848/2154-8633/CGP/V11I01/171-183
Anlaya Smuseneto, Muhammadrorfee-E Musor
{"title":"Determinants of Desire for Having Children among Generation Y Thai Muslims in Thailand","authors":"Anlaya Smuseneto, Muhammadrorfee-E Musor","doi":"10.18848/2154-8633/CGP/V11I01/171-183","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18848/2154-8633/CGP/V11I01/171-183","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":37763,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Religion and Spirituality in Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67504056","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.18848/2154-8633/CGP/V11I02/141-150
B. Dube
{"title":"The Death of Democracy: Teasing a Rethink of Religion for Democracy in Zimbabwe","authors":"B. Dube","doi":"10.18848/2154-8633/CGP/V11I02/141-150","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18848/2154-8633/CGP/V11I02/141-150","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":37763,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Religion and Spirituality in Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67505241","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.18848/2154-8633/cgp/v11i02/53-70
Auria U Arabit
{"title":"The Farmers’ Voice: Sambali Festival and Devotion to Our Lady of Piat toward Integral Ecology","authors":"Auria U Arabit","doi":"10.18848/2154-8633/cgp/v11i02/53-70","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18848/2154-8633/cgp/v11i02/53-70","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":37763,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Religion and Spirituality in Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67505276","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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