L. Sifuentes, M. J. Peiró, R. Ulloa-Arvizu, G. Duarte, Pablo I. Sifuentes-Lamónt, I. G. Fernández
Sheep and goat production takes place under unsuitable climate conditions, where 28 animals are more susceptible to high temperatures. The objectives of this study were to 29 determine, i) whether sexual behavior of photo-stimulated bucks varies through 24 h/day 30 in March and April and, ii) whether the environmental temperature and the relative 31 humidity affect their expression. Six bucks were submitted to artificial long days (16 h 32 light and 8 h darkness per day/2.5 months). Bucks were exposed to ovariectomized 33 females once a week during the non-breeding period and sexual behavior was recorded 34 for 15 min at 2 h intervals along 24 h/day. The environmental temperature, relative 35 humidity, temperature-humidity index (THI), and body temperature were recorded in 36 each behavior test. Plasma testosterone, sexual behavior, environmental temperature, 37 relative humidity, and body temperature were analyzed using Generalized Estimation 38 Equations. Plasma testosterone showed a significant difference over the experimental 39 period ( P < 0.001). The highest frequency of nudging and anogenital sniffing was at 08:00 40 h ( P < 0.001); flehmen and penis unsheathed were variable ( P < 0.001). The highest 41 environmental temperature and the lowest relative humidity were registered from 14:00 42 to 18:00 h ( P < 0.001). The highest body temperature was at 18:00 h and the lowest was 43 at 06:00 h ( P < 0.001). The highest THI >77 was recorded at 16:00 h. In conclusion, 44 photo-stimulated bucks showed a variation of sexual behavior through 24 h/day exposed 45 to ovariectomized females, and these sexual activities were affected by the high 46 environmental temperature and the low relative humidity throughout the study. Our results show that photo-stimulated bucks increased plasma testosterone 295 concentration during March and April as was previously reported by Delgadillo et al 296 (2002), in contrast to untreated bucks which do not present high testosterone secretion 297 during the natural sexual rest (Delgadillo et al 2002). Furthermore, photo-stimulated 298 bucks during the same breeding season increased the level of plasma testosterone even 299 without exposing them to females (Ponce et al 2014). The present results show that our 300 photo-stimulated bucks, sexual behaviors such as nudging and anogenital sniffing were 301 negatively affected by the high environmental temperature. These sexual behaviors 302 stimulate female sexual behavior (Fernández et al 2018). In the current study in March 303 and April from 10:00 to 18:00, a THI between 71-77 units was recorded. In fact, in animal 304 production, the thermal-neutral zone is considered with a THI <70, in these conditions 305 the animal feels more comfortable and is more efficient, whereas a THI of 71-78 units 306 indicates that the animals are in a state of alert, and a THI 79-83 indicates a danger 307 category (Du Preez 2000). Likewise, heat stress occurs when these animals are exposed 3
绵羊和山羊的生产在不适宜的气候条件下进行，那里的28种动物更容易受到高温的影响。本研究的目的是确定，1)光刺激雄鹿的性行为是否在3月和4月的24小时/天内发生变化，2)环境温度和相对湿度是否影响它们的表达。6美元被提交给人工长日(每天16小时32光和8小时黑暗/2.5个月)。在非繁殖期，雄鹿每周接触一次被切除卵巢的33只雌性雄鹿，每天24小时，每隔2小时记录15分钟的性行为。在每个行为试验中记录环境温度、相对湿度、温湿度指数(THI)和体温。血浆睾酮、性行为、环境温度、37相对湿度和体温采用广义估计38方程进行分析。血浆睾酮在实验期内差异有统计学意义(P < 0.001)。轻推和肛门生殖器嗅探频率最高的时间为08:00 - 40 h (P < 0.001);flehmen和unsheath是可变的(P < 0.001)。环境温度在14:00 42 ~ 18:00 h最高，相对湿度最低(P < 0.001)。18:00 h体温最高，06:00 h体温最低，为43 (P < 0.001)。结果表明，44只雄斑蝶暴露于去卵巢雌性环境24 h/d内，其性行为发生了变化，且受环境温度和相对湿度的影响。我们的研究结果表明，与未经处理的雄鹿相比，光刺激的雄鹿在3月和4月期间血浆睾酮295浓度增加(Delgadillo等人于2002年报道)，而未经处理的雄鹿在自然性休息期间没有高睾酮分泌(Delgadillo等人于2002年)。此外，在同一繁殖季节，光刺激下的298雄鹿在不暴露于雌性的情况下也能提高血浆睾酮水平，甚至达到299 (Ponce et al . 2014)。结果表明，高环境温度对300只光刺激雄鹿的性行为(如轻推和肛门生殖器嗅探)有301个负面影响。这些性行为会刺激女性的性行为(Fernández et al . 2018)。在目前的研究中，在3月303日和4月10点至18点，THI在71-77个单位之间。事实上，在动物304生产中，THI <70被认为是热中性区，在这些条件下，动物感觉更舒适，效率更高，而THI在71-78单位306表明动物处于警戒状态，THI 79-83表明危险307类别(Du Preez 2000)。同样，当这些动物暴露于比在热中性区更高的环境温度时，就会发生热应激，这种高温是由于体温升高而产生热量增加的结果(Du Preez 2000)。热应激被描述为连续311环境力作用于动物导致体内平衡改变的结果(Al- 312 Dawood 2017)。然后，暴露于高温环境中的动物会激活各种生理机制，以补偿热应激造成的不利影响(Berihulay et al, 2019)。
{"title":"Variation of sexual behavior of photo-stimulated bucks during the transition from winter to spring in the semi-arid climate of Mexico","authors":"L. Sifuentes, M. J. Peiró, R. Ulloa-Arvizu, G. Duarte, Pablo I. Sifuentes-Lamónt, I. G. Fernández","doi":"10.31893/jabb.21014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31893/jabb.21014","url":null,"abstract":"Sheep and goat production takes place under unsuitable climate conditions, where 28 animals are more susceptible to high temperatures. The objectives of this study were to 29 determine, i) whether sexual behavior of photo-stimulated bucks varies through 24 h/day 30 in March and April and, ii) whether the environmental temperature and the relative 31 humidity affect their expression. Six bucks were submitted to artificial long days (16 h 32 light and 8 h darkness per day/2.5 months). Bucks were exposed to ovariectomized 33 females once a week during the non-breeding period and sexual behavior was recorded 34 for 15 min at 2 h intervals along 24 h/day. The environmental temperature, relative 35 humidity, temperature-humidity index (THI), and body temperature were recorded in 36 each behavior test. Plasma testosterone, sexual behavior, environmental temperature, 37 relative humidity, and body temperature were analyzed using Generalized Estimation 38 Equations. Plasma testosterone showed a significant difference over the experimental 39 period ( P < 0.001). The highest frequency of nudging and anogenital sniffing was at 08:00 40 h ( P < 0.001); flehmen and penis unsheathed were variable ( P < 0.001). The highest 41 environmental temperature and the lowest relative humidity were registered from 14:00 42 to 18:00 h ( P < 0.001). The highest body temperature was at 18:00 h and the lowest was 43 at 06:00 h ( P < 0.001). The highest THI >77 was recorded at 16:00 h. In conclusion, 44 photo-stimulated bucks showed a variation of sexual behavior through 24 h/day exposed 45 to ovariectomized females, and these sexual activities were affected by the high 46 environmental temperature and the low relative humidity throughout the study. Our results show that photo-stimulated bucks increased plasma testosterone 295 concentration during March and April as was previously reported by Delgadillo et al 296 (2002), in contrast to untreated bucks which do not present high testosterone secretion 297 during the natural sexual rest (Delgadillo et al 2002). Furthermore, photo-stimulated 298 bucks during the same breeding season increased the level of plasma testosterone even 299 without exposing them to females (Ponce et al 2014). The present results show that our 300 photo-stimulated bucks, sexual behaviors such as nudging and anogenital sniffing were 301 negatively affected by the high environmental temperature. These sexual behaviors 302 stimulate female sexual behavior (Fernández et al 2018). In the current study in March 303 and April from 10:00 to 18:00, a THI between 71-77 units was recorded. In fact, in animal 304 production, the thermal-neutral zone is considered with a THI <70, in these conditions 305 the animal feels more comfortable and is more efficient, whereas a THI of 71-78 units 306 indicates that the animals are in a state of alert, and a THI 79-83 indicates a danger 307 category (Du Preez 2000). Likewise, heat stress occurs when these animals are exposed 3","PeriodicalId":37772,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Behaviour and Biometeorology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69770511","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
U. Kuhapong, F. Tina, Kiadtisak Limsakun, Suranan Watthanaphong, Ekapote Luckban, Teethat Piyakun
Fiddler crabs are intertidal organisms and they live on various habitats such as muddy sandy flats, salt marshes, and mangrove swamps (Crane 1975). They are among the most abundant organisms in their habitats and their densities may exceed 50 crabs/m (Bertness and Miller 1984; McCraith et al 2003; Tina et al 2015a, b). Both males and females construct burrows and stay inside the burrows during high tide (Tina et al 2015 a, b). They are active on the surface and show various activities (e.g., feeding, fighting, waving, burrowing, grooming, etc.) during low tide (Tina et al 2016, 2019, Tina 2020; Tina and Muramatsu, 2020). Their burrowing activity is very important for their habitats since it promotes soil aeration and thus oxidizes hydrogen sulphide. Hydrogen sulphide inhibits plant growth by affecting their nitrogen uptake and growth (Howarth and Teal 1979; Bradley and Morris 1990; Koch et al 1990; Wiessner et al 2005). Crab burrowing activity also reduces salinity by increasing water flow through the sediments. A higher salinity level negatively affects the growth and productivity of mangroves (McKee 1993; Sylla et al 1996; Twilley and Chen 1998). For these reasons, fiddler crabs are known as ecosystem engineers in their habitats (see Jones et al 1994; Kristensen 2008). Moreover, burrows have several advantages for the fiddler crabs. They provide shelters from predators and environmental extremes (e.g., very high or low temperature), they provide water for physiological needs, and they act as sites for moulting and breeding (Crane 1975; Christy 1982, 1987; Keeratipattarakarn et al 2020). The intertidal animals live in a dry and open environment and face several environmental constraints (Chapman and Underwood 1996; Thurman 1998; Somero 2002; Schneider 2008; Miller et al 2009; Allen et al 2012). Among these environmental constraints, temperature is the most important since it affects their behaviour, physiology, growth, and reproduction (Weinstein 1998; Ruscoe et al 2004; Resgalla et al 2007; Allen et al 2012). In the case of fiddler crabs, very high or very low temperature affects their metabolic rates, heart rates, haemolymph osmolality, muscle hydration, ovarian development, and egg hatching success (Vernberg and Vernberg 1966; Eshky et al 1995; Matsumasa and Murai 2005; Colpo and López-Greco 2017; Principe et al 2018; Chou et al 2019). They have developed several physiological, morphological, and behavioural adaptations for dealing with the very high or low temperature (Eshky et al 1995; Thurman 1998; Yoder et al 2005; Levinton et al 2015; da Silva Vianna et al 2020). Moreover, their burrows act as a refuge through maintaining a suitable temperature when the outside temperature is very high or low (Powers and Cole, 1976; Wolfrath, 1992; Keeratipattarakarn et al 2020). Suitable burrow temperature is not only important for the Abstract Fiddler crabs live in an intertidal habitat and face several environmental constraints. Extreme environmental
招潮蟹是潮间带生物，它们生活在各种栖息地，如泥泞的沙质平原、盐沼和红树林沼泽(Crane 1975)。它们是其栖息地中最丰富的生物之一，其密度可超过50只/米(Bertness和Miller 1984;mcraith等人2003;Tina等人2015a, b)。雄性和雌性都在涨潮时筑洞并呆在洞内(Tina等人2015a, b)。在退潮时，它们在水面上活跃，并表现出各种活动(如进食、打斗、挥手、挖洞、梳理等)(Tina等人2016,2019,Tina 2020;Tina and Muramatsu, 2020)。它们的挖洞活动对它们的栖息地非常重要，因为它促进土壤通气，从而氧化硫化氢。硫化氢通过影响植物对氮的吸收和生长来抑制植物生长(Howarth and Teal 1979;Bradley and Morris 1990;Koch等人1990;Wiessner et al . 2005)。螃蟹的挖洞活动也通过增加沉积物中的水流来降低盐度。较高的盐度对红树林的生长和生产力产生不利影响(McKee 1993;Sylla等人1996;特威利和陈1998)。由于这些原因，招潮蟹在其栖息地被称为生态系统工程师(见Jones et al . 1994;Kristensen 2008)。此外，穴居对招潮蟹有几个好处。它们提供了躲避捕食者和极端环境(例如，非常高或非常低的温度)的避难所，它们为生理需要提供水，它们是换毛和繁殖的场所(Crane 1975;克里斯蒂1982,1987;Keeratipattarakarn et al . 2020)。潮间带动物生活在干燥和开放的环境中，面临多种环境限制(Chapman and Underwood 1996;瑟曼1998;Somero 2002;施耐德2008;Miller et al . 2009;Allen et al . 2012)。在这些环境限制中，温度是最重要的，因为它影响它们的行为、生理、生长和繁殖(Weinstein 1998;Ruscoe et al . 2004;Resgalla等人2007;Allen et al . 2012)。就招潮蟹而言，非常高或非常低的温度会影响它们的代谢率、心率、血淋巴渗透压、肌肉水合作用、卵巢发育和卵孵化成功率(Vernberg and Vernberg 1966;Eshky等1995;Matsumasa and Murai 2005;Colpo和López-Greco 2017;Principe等人2018;Chou et al . 2019)。它们已经发展出几种生理、形态和行为适应，以应对极高或极低的温度(Eshky等，1995;瑟曼1998;Yoder等人2005;Levinton等2015;da Silva Vianna等人2020)。此外，当外界温度很高或很低时，它们的洞穴通过保持合适的温度来充当避难所(Powers和Cole, 1976;Wolfrath, 1992;Keeratipattarakarn et al . 2020)。摘要招潮蟹生活在潮间带，适宜的穴居温度不仅对其生存具有重要意义，而且还面临诸多环境限制。极端的环境条件，特别是温度影响它们的生长和繁殖。它们使用几种策略来应对极端温度。其中，挖洞是很重要的。洞穴在非常高或非常低的温度下充当避难所。本文研究了泰国南部那空西塔玛拉府热带气候地区的气温、大型雌雄大闸蟹地穴温度和地穴附近土壤温度的变化。使用温度传感器每30分钟测量一次空气、洞穴和土壤温度。结果表明:8:00 ~ 17:30时段，地穴温度低于土壤温度，其他时段，地穴温度高于土壤温度。在空气温度的情况下，它在一天中的大部分时间都低于土壤或洞穴的温度。在白天(6:00 ~ 17:30)和夜间(18:00 ~ 5:30)对空气、土壤和洞穴的温度进行比较发现，洞穴温度白天低于土壤温度，夜间高于土壤温度。白天和夜间空气温度都低于土壤和地穴温度。本研究表明，困惑蟹的洞穴可以调节内部温度，保持蟹的适宜温度。
{"title":"Temporal variations in the air, soil, and fiddler crab (Austruca perplexa) burrow temperatures in southern Thailand","authors":"U. Kuhapong, F. Tina, Kiadtisak Limsakun, Suranan Watthanaphong, Ekapote Luckban, Teethat Piyakun","doi":"10.31893/jabb.21013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31893/jabb.21013","url":null,"abstract":"Fiddler crabs are intertidal organisms and they live on various habitats such as muddy sandy flats, salt marshes, and mangrove swamps (Crane 1975). They are among the most abundant organisms in their habitats and their densities may exceed 50 crabs/m (Bertness and Miller 1984; McCraith et al 2003; Tina et al 2015a, b). Both males and females construct burrows and stay inside the burrows during high tide (Tina et al 2015 a, b). They are active on the surface and show various activities (e.g., feeding, fighting, waving, burrowing, grooming, etc.) during low tide (Tina et al 2016, 2019, Tina 2020; Tina and Muramatsu, 2020). Their burrowing activity is very important for their habitats since it promotes soil aeration and thus oxidizes hydrogen sulphide. Hydrogen sulphide inhibits plant growth by affecting their nitrogen uptake and growth (Howarth and Teal 1979; Bradley and Morris 1990; Koch et al 1990; Wiessner et al 2005). Crab burrowing activity also reduces salinity by increasing water flow through the sediments. A higher salinity level negatively affects the growth and productivity of mangroves (McKee 1993; Sylla et al 1996; Twilley and Chen 1998). For these reasons, fiddler crabs are known as ecosystem engineers in their habitats (see Jones et al 1994; Kristensen 2008). Moreover, burrows have several advantages for the fiddler crabs. They provide shelters from predators and environmental extremes (e.g., very high or low temperature), they provide water for physiological needs, and they act as sites for moulting and breeding (Crane 1975; Christy 1982, 1987; Keeratipattarakarn et al 2020). The intertidal animals live in a dry and open environment and face several environmental constraints (Chapman and Underwood 1996; Thurman 1998; Somero 2002; Schneider 2008; Miller et al 2009; Allen et al 2012). Among these environmental constraints, temperature is the most important since it affects their behaviour, physiology, growth, and reproduction (Weinstein 1998; Ruscoe et al 2004; Resgalla et al 2007; Allen et al 2012). In the case of fiddler crabs, very high or very low temperature affects their metabolic rates, heart rates, haemolymph osmolality, muscle hydration, ovarian development, and egg hatching success (Vernberg and Vernberg 1966; Eshky et al 1995; Matsumasa and Murai 2005; Colpo and López-Greco 2017; Principe et al 2018; Chou et al 2019). They have developed several physiological, morphological, and behavioural adaptations for dealing with the very high or low temperature (Eshky et al 1995; Thurman 1998; Yoder et al 2005; Levinton et al 2015; da Silva Vianna et al 2020). Moreover, their burrows act as a refuge through maintaining a suitable temperature when the outside temperature is very high or low (Powers and Cole, 1976; Wolfrath, 1992; Keeratipattarakarn et al 2020). Suitable burrow temperature is not only important for the Abstract Fiddler crabs live in an intertidal habitat and face several environmental constraints. Extreme environmental ","PeriodicalId":37772,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Behaviour and Biometeorology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69770411","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
I. Mansouri, D. Ousaaid, Wafae Squalli, Ikram Douini, Mohamed Mounir, Abdelbari El Agy, Amine Assouguem, Hamid Achiban, L. Ghadraoui, M. Dakki
{"title":"Nest building, dimension, and selection of aromatic and medicinal twigs to repel ectoparasites in the European Turtle dove","authors":"I. Mansouri, D. Ousaaid, Wafae Squalli, Ikram Douini, Mohamed Mounir, Abdelbari El Agy, Amine Assouguem, Hamid Achiban, L. Ghadraoui, M. Dakki","doi":"10.31893/jabb.21033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31893/jabb.21033","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":37772,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Behaviour and Biometeorology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69771097","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
E. P. Saraiva, L. Santos, D. A. Furtado, E. Filho, T. N. S. Veríssimo, Natanael Pereira de Arruda, L. S. Silva, S. G. C. G. Santos, G. C. X. Neta, L. K. C. Morais, José Danrley Cavalcante dos Santos
The objective was to evaluate the effect of the season on the sexual behavior patterns adopted by Morada Nova sheep in the Brazilian semiarid region. A total of 55 and 59 female sheep were used in the rainy and dry seasons, respectively, attended by four males of the same breed in rotation. The females identified in oestrus were released in a pasture, together with the breeder of the day for each season, and aspects of sexual behavior were measured for an uninterrupted period of 11 hours/day. Assuming a negative binomial distribution, the behavioral frequencies were subjected to deviation analysis and compared using the chi-square. Heading in the male was observed more frequently during the rainy season (0.12) and shifts with higher temperatures; the turn of the head in relation to the man was observed more frequently during the dry season (2.49). The interactions between seasons and shifts significantly affected the following behaviors: sniffing the male, sniffing the male's urogenital region, wagging the tail, lifting the tail, and urinating. Behavioral variables were influenced by the season. Morada Nova sheep reduce their water intake and grazing time to engage more efficiently in reproductive activities, thus demonstrating an ability to adapt to the Caatinga.
{"title":"Modulation of sexual behavior of Morada Nova ewe by the season of the year in a semiarid equatorial environment","authors":"E. P. Saraiva, L. Santos, D. A. Furtado, E. Filho, T. N. S. Veríssimo, Natanael Pereira de Arruda, L. S. Silva, S. G. C. G. Santos, G. C. X. Neta, L. K. C. Morais, José Danrley Cavalcante dos Santos","doi":"10.31893/jabb.22002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31893/jabb.22002","url":null,"abstract":"The objective was to evaluate the effect of the season on the sexual behavior patterns adopted by Morada Nova sheep in the Brazilian semiarid region. A total of 55 and 59 female sheep were used in the rainy and dry seasons, respectively, attended by four males of the same breed in rotation. The females identified in oestrus were released in a pasture, together with the breeder of the day for each season, and aspects of sexual behavior were measured for an uninterrupted period of 11 hours/day. Assuming a negative binomial distribution, the behavioral frequencies were subjected to deviation analysis and compared using the chi-square. Heading in the male was observed more frequently during the rainy season (0.12) and shifts with higher temperatures; the turn of the head in relation to the man was observed more frequently during the dry season (2.49). The interactions between seasons and shifts significantly affected the following behaviors: sniffing the male, sniffing the male's urogenital region, wagging the tail, lifting the tail, and urinating. Behavioral variables were influenced by the season. Morada Nova sheep reduce their water intake and grazing time to engage more efficiently in reproductive activities, thus demonstrating an ability to adapt to the Caatinga.","PeriodicalId":37772,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Behaviour and Biometeorology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69770967","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Body expressions of emotions: does animals have it?","authors":"M. Machado, I. D. Silva","doi":"10.31893/jabb.20001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31893/jabb.20001","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":37772,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Behaviour and Biometeorology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69770656","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study was carried out to investigate the impact of times of day on the behavior of Japanese quail concerning managerial modifications systems. A total of 120 one-day-old quail chicks were used in this study. 60 chicks were housed in cage systems; distributed into 3 subgroups (20 birds on each), a normal cage group, a cage with cover as wire floor with plastic cover from the top and third cage group “Edinburg modification cage”, as a normal cage except that the front portion has dust bather filled with washed builder sand or fine sawdust. The other floor managerial modifications included 60 birds distributed into three subgroups. The first-floor group was considered “normal”, as 20 birds were housed using an 80×50 floor system with 5cm or l0cm dry, clean soft sawdust sprinkling with slaked lime, the second-floor group was named “A grill group”. The feed was offered to the quail in a plastic feeder covered with the grill to reduce feed wastage and the third-floor group offered feed to the quail in a longitudinal constructed feeder with six holes separated by wire. Data were analyzed using two-way ANOVA, where two factors affect the behavior of quails and from our study, we suggested that there were non-significant differences in the ingestive behavior of quail regarding the daylight effect. Most standing frequencies were conducted midday at most managerial modifications. Crouching time also increased in the early morning with the normal floor group and constructed feeder. We conclude that various times of the day and managerial modifications greatly alter maintenance behavior in most quail chicks. Abnormal behavior was comparatively higher in the morning. This study was conducted with Japanese quail to investigate the impact of diurnal periods on the behavior of quail related to managerial modifications systems. The study was carried out at two The
{"title":"How the diurnal hours affects maintenance behavior in Japanese quail concerning rearing modification systems","authors":"Shereen El Abdel-Hamid, A. A. Fattah","doi":"10.31893/jabb.20035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31893/jabb.20035","url":null,"abstract":"This study was carried out to investigate the impact of times of day on the behavior of Japanese quail concerning managerial modifications systems. A total of 120 one-day-old quail chicks were used in this study. 60 chicks were housed in cage systems; distributed into 3 subgroups (20 birds on each), a normal cage group, a cage with cover as wire floor with plastic cover from the top and third cage group “Edinburg modification cage”, as a normal cage except that the front portion has dust bather filled with washed builder sand or fine sawdust. The other floor managerial modifications included 60 birds distributed into three subgroups. The first-floor group was considered “normal”, as 20 birds were housed using an 80×50 floor system with 5cm or l0cm dry, clean soft sawdust sprinkling with slaked lime, the second-floor group was named “A grill group”. The feed was offered to the quail in a plastic feeder covered with the grill to reduce feed wastage and the third-floor group offered feed to the quail in a longitudinal constructed feeder with six holes separated by wire. Data were analyzed using two-way ANOVA, where two factors affect the behavior of quails and from our study, we suggested that there were non-significant differences in the ingestive behavior of quail regarding the daylight effect. Most standing frequencies were conducted midday at most managerial modifications. Crouching time also increased in the early morning with the normal floor group and constructed feeder. We conclude that various times of the day and managerial modifications greatly alter maintenance behavior in most quail chicks. Abnormal behavior was comparatively higher in the morning. This study was conducted with Japanese quail to investigate the impact of diurnal periods on the behavior of quail related to managerial modifications systems. The study was carried out at two The","PeriodicalId":37772,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Behaviour and Biometeorology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69770434","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Chumsri, M. Jaroensutasinee, K. Jaroensutasinee
This study investigated spatial and temporal variations on the coexistence of Aedes aegypti , Aedes albopictus , and Culex larvae in five subdistricts in Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand. We tested two main hypotheses on the spatial and temporal coexistence of mosquito larvae: (1) condition-specific competition and (2) spatial variation among the five subdistricts. We compared the number of positive houses, positive containers, mosquito coexistence during both the wet and dry seasons. The results showed that from a total of 1,072 positive containers collected in both seasons, Ae. albopictus larvae were found in the highest number of containers (745 containers), followed by containers with Ae. aegypti larvae (283 containers) and containers with Culex larvae (254 containers). During the wet season, there were higher numbers of positive houses, positive containers, and containers with only Ae. albopictus larvae than during the dry season. On the other hand, during the dry season when the water containers were very scarce, there were higher numbers of containers with Culex larvae, and containers held more than one type of mosquito larvae. This indicates that both temporal and spatial variations may contribute to the local coexistence of Aedes and Culex mosquito larvae species in Lansaka District areas in Thailand.
{"title":"Spatial and temporal variations on the coexistence of Aedes and Culex larvae in Southern Thailand","authors":"A. Chumsri, M. Jaroensutasinee, K. Jaroensutasinee","doi":"10.31893/jabb.20033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31893/jabb.20033","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigated spatial and temporal variations on the coexistence of Aedes aegypti , Aedes albopictus , and Culex larvae in five subdistricts in Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand. We tested two main hypotheses on the spatial and temporal coexistence of mosquito larvae: (1) condition-specific competition and (2) spatial variation among the five subdistricts. We compared the number of positive houses, positive containers, mosquito coexistence during both the wet and dry seasons. The results showed that from a total of 1,072 positive containers collected in both seasons, Ae. albopictus larvae were found in the highest number of containers (745 containers), followed by containers with Ae. aegypti larvae (283 containers) and containers with Culex larvae (254 containers). During the wet season, there were higher numbers of positive houses, positive containers, and containers with only Ae. albopictus larvae than during the dry season. On the other hand, during the dry season when the water containers were very scarce, there were higher numbers of containers with Culex larvae, and containers held more than one type of mosquito larvae. This indicates that both temporal and spatial variations may contribute to the local coexistence of Aedes and Culex mosquito larvae species in Lansaka District areas in Thailand.","PeriodicalId":37772,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Behaviour and Biometeorology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69770282","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
V. Boere, Marcelle de Castro Cavalheiro, Nadja Romera Suffert, Ita Oliveira e Silva
Locomotion can affect the performance (amount) of play behavior in marmosets due to high metabolic costs for primates. In addition, climatic conditions are known to limit the daily activities of marmosets. This study investigates the behavior of social play in wild marmosets and some limitations related to locomotion activities, daily travel and the seasonality of play. Two wild groups were observed with the focal method during the dry and wet seasons and all occurrences of play and locomotion were recorded. Adults played significantly less than juveniles, which played more than infants, and infants, more than the adults did. The reproductive couples played minimally. There was not a relationship between the distance traveled and the mean frequency of play. Nevertheless, all the age categories played significantly more in the wet season than the dry season. The independence to move and forage can explain higher play behavior of juveniles in relation to the infants. The adults and the reproductive couples, have higher energy costs in the group activities, such reproduction, compared to other age class, limiting their amount of play in relation to the juveniles and infants. We conclude that play behavior of juveniles black-tufted marmosets, does could not be impacted by daily locomotion unequivocally, but adults and infants, otherwise, are limited by other energetic costs and dependence to locomotion, respectively.
{"title":"Social play of wild black-tufted-marmosets in the forest","authors":"V. Boere, Marcelle de Castro Cavalheiro, Nadja Romera Suffert, Ita Oliveira e Silva","doi":"10.31893/jabb.20003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31893/jabb.20003","url":null,"abstract":"Locomotion can affect the performance (amount) of play behavior in marmosets due to high metabolic costs for primates. In addition, climatic conditions are known to limit the daily activities of marmosets. This study investigates the behavior of social play in wild marmosets and some limitations related to locomotion activities, daily travel and the seasonality of play. Two wild groups were observed with the focal method during the dry and wet seasons and all occurrences of play and locomotion were recorded. Adults played significantly less than juveniles, which played more than infants, and infants, more than the adults did. The reproductive couples played minimally. There was not a relationship between the distance traveled and the mean frequency of play. Nevertheless, all the age categories played significantly more in the wet season than the dry season. The independence to move and forage can explain higher play behavior of juveniles in relation to the infants. The adults and the reproductive couples, have higher energy costs in the group activities, such reproduction, compared to other age class, limiting their amount of play in relation to the juveniles and infants. We conclude that play behavior of juveniles black-tufted marmosets, does could not be impacted by daily locomotion unequivocally, but adults and infants, otherwise, are limited by other energetic costs and dependence to locomotion, respectively.","PeriodicalId":37772,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Behaviour and Biometeorology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69770665","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.31893/2318-1265JABB.V7N2P92-96
T. R. Saraswati, E. Y. W. Yuniwarti, S. Tana
Otus angelinae is an owl that known for their silent flight, capable of flying just inches from their prey without being detected. The quietness of their flight is owed to their special feathers. This study aimed to describe the morphology and function of feathers of Otus angelinae. Two Otus angelinae aged 4 months taken from the wild forest of East Java. Owl were sedated with chloroform, dissected, and then observed to know the morphological of feathers that coat its body. The results showed that each part of the body of an owl composed of different morphology and size of feathers to support the activity of flying.
{"title":"Morphological description and functions of feathers to support Otus angelinae activities","authors":"T. R. Saraswati, E. Y. W. Yuniwarti, S. Tana","doi":"10.31893/2318-1265JABB.V7N2P92-96","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31893/2318-1265JABB.V7N2P92-96","url":null,"abstract":"Otus angelinae is an owl that known for their silent flight, capable of flying just inches from their prey without being detected. The quietness of their flight is owed to their special feathers. This study aimed to describe the morphology and function of feathers of Otus angelinae. Two Otus angelinae aged 4 months taken from the wild forest of East Java. Owl were sedated with chloroform, dissected, and then observed to know the morphological of feathers that coat its body. The results showed that each part of the body of an owl composed of different morphology and size of feathers to support the activity of flying.","PeriodicalId":37772,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Behaviour and Biometeorology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69769898","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.31893/2318-1265JABB.V7N1P31-38
Maurya Vijai Prakash, Central Sheep, S. Veerasamy, Kumar Davendra, Naqvi Syed Mohammad Khursheed
A study was conducted to assess the cumulative effects of combined stresses (heat and nutritional) on physiological adaptability, blood biochemical and endocrine responses in Malpura rams. The study was conducted for a period of 45 days. Twenty eight adult Malpura rams (average BW 66.0 Kg) were used in the present study. The rams were divided into four groups viz., CON (n=7; control), HS (n=7; heat stress), NS (n=7; nutritional stress) and CS (n=7; combined stress). The animals were stall fed with a diet consisting of 60% roughage and 40% concentrate. The CON and HS ewes were provided with ad libitum feeding while NS and CS rams were provided with restricted feed (30% intake of GI ewes) to induce nutritional stress. The HS and NS rams were kept in climatic chamber @ 42oC and 55% RH for six hours a day between 10:00 hr to 16:00 hr to induce heat stress. The parameters studied were respiration rate (RR), pulse rate (PR), rectal temperature (RT), scrotal volume, sweating rate scrotum, sweating rate skin, haemoglobin (Hb) and packed cell volume (PCV), plasma cortisol, T3 (tri-iodo-thyronine), and T4 (thyroxin) level. Combined stresses significantly (P<0.01) influenced all adaptive parameters studied. The study shows that Malpura rams possess the adaptive capability to two stresses simultaneously. This is evident from the nonsignificant changes in RR, RT, sweating rate of scrotum and skin and Hb concentration between HS and CS groups. Further, the capability to adjust the cortisol level to minimum possible increase to elicit the heat stress relieving effects also proves the superior adaptive capability of Malpura rams to the effects of combined stresses.
{"title":"Impact of heat stress, nutritional stress and their combinations on the adaptive capability of Malpura sheep under hot semi-arid tropical environment","authors":"Maurya Vijai Prakash, Central Sheep, S. Veerasamy, Kumar Davendra, Naqvi Syed Mohammad Khursheed","doi":"10.31893/2318-1265JABB.V7N1P31-38","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31893/2318-1265JABB.V7N1P31-38","url":null,"abstract":"A study was conducted to assess the cumulative effects of combined stresses (heat and nutritional) on physiological adaptability, blood biochemical and endocrine responses in Malpura rams. The study was conducted for a period of 45 days. Twenty eight adult Malpura rams (average BW 66.0 Kg) were used in the present study. The rams were divided into four groups viz., CON (n=7; control), HS (n=7; heat stress), NS (n=7; nutritional stress) and CS (n=7; combined stress). The animals were stall fed with a diet consisting of 60% roughage and 40% concentrate. The CON and HS ewes were provided with ad libitum feeding while NS and CS rams were provided with restricted feed (30% intake of GI ewes) to induce nutritional stress. The HS and NS rams were kept in climatic chamber @ 42oC and 55% RH for six hours a day between 10:00 hr to 16:00 hr to induce heat stress. The parameters studied were respiration rate (RR), pulse rate (PR), rectal temperature (RT), scrotal volume, sweating rate scrotum, sweating rate skin, haemoglobin (Hb) and packed cell volume (PCV), plasma cortisol, T3 (tri-iodo-thyronine), and T4 (thyroxin) level. Combined stresses significantly (P<0.01) influenced all adaptive parameters studied. The study shows that Malpura rams possess the adaptive capability to two stresses simultaneously. This is evident from the nonsignificant changes in RR, RT, sweating rate of scrotum and skin and Hb concentration between HS and CS groups. Further, the capability to adjust the cortisol level to minimum possible increase to elicit the heat stress relieving effects also proves the superior adaptive capability of Malpura rams to the effects of combined stresses.","PeriodicalId":37772,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Behaviour and Biometeorology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69769277","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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