Pub Date : 2023-04-10DOI: 10.1109/GridEdge54130.2023.10102740
A. Soofi, Reza Bayani, Mehrdad Yazdanibiouki, Saeed D. Manshadi
The accessibility of real-time operational data along with breakthroughs in processing power have promoted the use of Machine Learning (ML) applications in current power systems. Prediction of device failures, meteorological data, system outages, and demand are among the applications of ML in the electricity grid. In this paper, a Reinforcement Learning (RL) method is utilized to design an efficient energy management system for grid-tied Energy Storage Systems (ESS). We implement a Deep Q-Learning (DQL) approach using Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) to design a microgrid controller system simulated in the PSCAD environment. The proposed on-grid controller coordinates the main grid, aggregated loads, renewable generations, and Advanced Energy Storage (AES). To reduce the cost of operating AESs, the designed controller takes the hourly energy market price into account in addition to physical system characteristics.
{"title":"Training A Deep Reinforcement Learning Agent for Microgrid Control using PSCAD Environment","authors":"A. Soofi, Reza Bayani, Mehrdad Yazdanibiouki, Saeed D. Manshadi","doi":"10.1109/GridEdge54130.2023.10102740","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/GridEdge54130.2023.10102740","url":null,"abstract":"The accessibility of real-time operational data along with breakthroughs in processing power have promoted the use of Machine Learning (ML) applications in current power systems. Prediction of device failures, meteorological data, system outages, and demand are among the applications of ML in the electricity grid. In this paper, a Reinforcement Learning (RL) method is utilized to design an efficient energy management system for grid-tied Energy Storage Systems (ESS). We implement a Deep Q-Learning (DQL) approach using Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) to design a microgrid controller system simulated in the PSCAD environment. The proposed on-grid controller coordinates the main grid, aggregated loads, renewable generations, and Advanced Energy Storage (AES). To reduce the cost of operating AESs, the designed controller takes the hourly energy market price into account in addition to physical system characteristics.","PeriodicalId":377998,"journal":{"name":"2023 IEEE PES Grid Edge Technologies Conference & Exposition (Grid Edge)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129241317","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-10DOI: 10.1109/GridEdge54130.2023.10102704
H. Borland, M. Mccormack
Regardless of how the Grid Edge is perceived, grid users and the society it serves, demand a grid that is safe, reliable and efficient. This goes far beyond the physical ‘grid edge’ and permeates the totality of the distribution system in particular. Earth faults at Medium Voltage have a great impact on safety and reliability. In this paper, the selection of compensated neutral treatment is shown to provide optimized performance. Augmentation with Faulted Phase Earthing or Augmented Residual Current Compensation adds further to the safety performance. This is advantageous in high-risk areas and in wildfire mitigation. Efficiency in returning supply to customers after outages is addressed, including the use of Synchronised Line Monitoring. This paper presents fundamental solutions to deliver safety, reliability and efficiency at and beyond the Grid Edge.
{"title":"Safety, Reliability and Efficiency – beyond the grid edge","authors":"H. Borland, M. Mccormack","doi":"10.1109/GridEdge54130.2023.10102704","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/GridEdge54130.2023.10102704","url":null,"abstract":"Regardless of how the Grid Edge is perceived, grid users and the society it serves, demand a grid that is safe, reliable and efficient. This goes far beyond the physical ‘grid edge’ and permeates the totality of the distribution system in particular. Earth faults at Medium Voltage have a great impact on safety and reliability. In this paper, the selection of compensated neutral treatment is shown to provide optimized performance. Augmentation with Faulted Phase Earthing or Augmented Residual Current Compensation adds further to the safety performance. This is advantageous in high-risk areas and in wildfire mitigation. Efficiency in returning supply to customers after outages is addressed, including the use of Synchronised Line Monitoring. This paper presents fundamental solutions to deliver safety, reliability and efficiency at and beyond the Grid Edge.","PeriodicalId":377998,"journal":{"name":"2023 IEEE PES Grid Edge Technologies Conference & Exposition (Grid Edge)","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130723040","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-10DOI: 10.1109/GridEdge54130.2023.10102709
S. M. de Oca, P. Monzón, P. Belzarena
The electricity and transportation sectors are in a transformation process, in which both can benefit from working together. In particular, more than half of electric vehicle (EV) users have similar consumption behaviors and will use charging infrastructure at home, creating a great challenge for different stakeholders. Digital platforms allow automatic control of end devices, enabling users to be more active and committed to a sustainable system. Motivated by large-scale and online optimization approaches, we formulate a smart charging mechanism for coordinating a large population of residential EVs based on a price-responsive model. We used a stochastic subgradient method to deal with synchrony problems and communication overload. The Utility decides the energy price that maximizes its profit in a day-ahead flexibility market with available information, while the clients fulfill theirs consumption expectations.
{"title":"Incremental Subgradient Method for EVs Smart Charging Flexibility in Wholesale Energy Markets","authors":"S. M. de Oca, P. Monzón, P. Belzarena","doi":"10.1109/GridEdge54130.2023.10102709","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/GridEdge54130.2023.10102709","url":null,"abstract":"The electricity and transportation sectors are in a transformation process, in which both can benefit from working together. In particular, more than half of electric vehicle (EV) users have similar consumption behaviors and will use charging infrastructure at home, creating a great challenge for different stakeholders. Digital platforms allow automatic control of end devices, enabling users to be more active and committed to a sustainable system. Motivated by large-scale and online optimization approaches, we formulate a smart charging mechanism for coordinating a large population of residential EVs based on a price-responsive model. We used a stochastic subgradient method to deal with synchrony problems and communication overload. The Utility decides the energy price that maximizes its profit in a day-ahead flexibility market with available information, while the clients fulfill theirs consumption expectations.","PeriodicalId":377998,"journal":{"name":"2023 IEEE PES Grid Edge Technologies Conference & Exposition (Grid Edge)","volume":"392 2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133189595","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-10DOI: 10.1109/GridEdge54130.2023.10102731
Alex Nassif
Non-wire alternatives are gaining acceptance in areas where traditional reliability improvement methods are of difficult adoption or not cost effective. Declining costs of energy storage systems favor the adoption of electrochemical batteries if supported by a sound value proposition. This paper presents a practical method to size battery storage systems based on minimizing the cost to the distribution system operator. The method is based on an exhaustive search and considers only practical aspects faced by electric utilities, leaving out parameters that are either not visible or impactful. The proposed approach was adopted in a real distribution network slated for reconfiguration just few years following the study, but poor reliability has favored the adoption of the storage system as an interim solution with minimum environmental impact and improved metrics.
{"title":"A Resilience-Driven Battery Energy Storage System Sizing Strategy for Grid Edge Radial Supplies","authors":"Alex Nassif","doi":"10.1109/GridEdge54130.2023.10102731","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/GridEdge54130.2023.10102731","url":null,"abstract":"Non-wire alternatives are gaining acceptance in areas where traditional reliability improvement methods are of difficult adoption or not cost effective. Declining costs of energy storage systems favor the adoption of electrochemical batteries if supported by a sound value proposition. This paper presents a practical method to size battery storage systems based on minimizing the cost to the distribution system operator. The method is based on an exhaustive search and considers only practical aspects faced by electric utilities, leaving out parameters that are either not visible or impactful. The proposed approach was adopted in a real distribution network slated for reconfiguration just few years following the study, but poor reliability has favored the adoption of the storage system as an interim solution with minimum environmental impact and improved metrics.","PeriodicalId":377998,"journal":{"name":"2023 IEEE PES Grid Edge Technologies Conference & Exposition (Grid Edge)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121817093","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-10DOI: 10.1109/GridEdge54130.2023.10102721
Yushan Hou, Jing Zhu, Michael Z. Liu, W. J. Nacmanson, L. Ochoa
The widespread adoption of residential electric vehicles (EVs) will result in larger voltage drops due to the extra demand. Since most residential EV chargers are single-phase, they might also contribute to voltage unbalance which, in turn, can make voltage drop issues on certain phases worse. This paper investigates the extent to which voltage unbalance affects the EV hosting capacity of distribution networks using a Monte Carlo-based time-series analysis to capture the uncertainties of EV location, charger size, and charging behavior. Using a realistically modeled Australian MV-LV network with 1,300+ customers, results show that with increasing EV penetrations, the voltage unbalance keeps increasing too, even for 100% EV penetration. Moreover, it is demonstrated that large voltage unbalance significantly limits EV hosting capacity, suggesting the need for considering balancing strategies when possible.
{"title":"EV Hosting Capacity and Voltage Unbalance: An Australian Case Study","authors":"Yushan Hou, Jing Zhu, Michael Z. Liu, W. J. Nacmanson, L. Ochoa","doi":"10.1109/GridEdge54130.2023.10102721","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/GridEdge54130.2023.10102721","url":null,"abstract":"The widespread adoption of residential electric vehicles (EVs) will result in larger voltage drops due to the extra demand. Since most residential EV chargers are single-phase, they might also contribute to voltage unbalance which, in turn, can make voltage drop issues on certain phases worse. This paper investigates the extent to which voltage unbalance affects the EV hosting capacity of distribution networks using a Monte Carlo-based time-series analysis to capture the uncertainties of EV location, charger size, and charging behavior. Using a realistically modeled Australian MV-LV network with 1,300+ customers, results show that with increasing EV penetrations, the voltage unbalance keeps increasing too, even for 100% EV penetration. Moreover, it is demonstrated that large voltage unbalance significantly limits EV hosting capacity, suggesting the need for considering balancing strategies when possible.","PeriodicalId":377998,"journal":{"name":"2023 IEEE PES Grid Edge Technologies Conference & Exposition (Grid Edge)","volume":"112 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129424136","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-10DOI: 10.1109/GridEdge54130.2023.10102734
Bashar Mousa Melhem, Steven Liu
Based on the provisions of grid support published in the latest network codes (NC), wind turbines (WTs), among other renewable energy units, must regulate their output power to actively participate in supporting the grid frequency. However, the most frequently utilized wind turbines with doubly fed induction generators (DFIG) have limitations regarding rotor speed and converter power in addition to issues related to their power output resulting from wind speed fluctuation and model-plant mismatch. In this paper, rotor side converter of WT operated in de-loading mode is controlled adaptively. The objective is to provide transmission system operator (TSO) with an accurate available power and mitigate the influence of wind disturbances while following TSO variable power set-point. The limitations of both rotor speed and rotor side converter are considered in the proposed control approach.
{"title":"Adaptive approach for primary frequency support by wind turbines based on grid code requirements and turbines limitations","authors":"Bashar Mousa Melhem, Steven Liu","doi":"10.1109/GridEdge54130.2023.10102734","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/GridEdge54130.2023.10102734","url":null,"abstract":"Based on the provisions of grid support published in the latest network codes (NC), wind turbines (WTs), among other renewable energy units, must regulate their output power to actively participate in supporting the grid frequency. However, the most frequently utilized wind turbines with doubly fed induction generators (DFIG) have limitations regarding rotor speed and converter power in addition to issues related to their power output resulting from wind speed fluctuation and model-plant mismatch. In this paper, rotor side converter of WT operated in de-loading mode is controlled adaptively. The objective is to provide transmission system operator (TSO) with an accurate available power and mitigate the influence of wind disturbances while following TSO variable power set-point. The limitations of both rotor speed and rotor side converter are considered in the proposed control approach.","PeriodicalId":377998,"journal":{"name":"2023 IEEE PES Grid Edge Technologies Conference & Exposition (Grid Edge)","volume":"226 2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"113994664","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-02DOI: 10.1109/GridEdge54130.2023.10102714
Victor Paduani, Rahul Kadavil, H. Hooshyar, A. Haddadi, A. Jakaria, A. Huque
This paper presents the development of a real-time T&D co-simulation testbed for simulating large grids under high DER penetration. By integrating bulk power system, distribution feeders, and distributed energy resources (DER) models into one simulation environment, the testbed enables the performance analysis and validation of DER management systems (DERMS) algorithms. This work proposes a co-simulation timestep sequence for the cross-platform data exchange and time synchronization, with a communication framework based on MQTT communication protocol. The proposed strategy is tested with a 5,000 buses model of part of the North American bulk power system (BPS) and a 9,500 nodes distribution feeder model obtained from a local utility. Simulations are carried out to demonstrate the capability of the proposed framework to propagate events between the transmission and distribution models. Results are used to quantify how the co-simulation timestep size can affect the propagation of dynamics between the models.
{"title":"Real-Time T&D Co-Simulation for Testing Grid Impact of High DER Participation","authors":"Victor Paduani, Rahul Kadavil, H. Hooshyar, A. Haddadi, A. Jakaria, A. Huque","doi":"10.1109/GridEdge54130.2023.10102714","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/GridEdge54130.2023.10102714","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents the development of a real-time T&D co-simulation testbed for simulating large grids under high DER penetration. By integrating bulk power system, distribution feeders, and distributed energy resources (DER) models into one simulation environment, the testbed enables the performance analysis and validation of DER management systems (DERMS) algorithms. This work proposes a co-simulation timestep sequence for the cross-platform data exchange and time synchronization, with a communication framework based on MQTT communication protocol. The proposed strategy is tested with a 5,000 buses model of part of the North American bulk power system (BPS) and a 9,500 nodes distribution feeder model obtained from a local utility. Simulations are carried out to demonstrate the capability of the proposed framework to propagate events between the transmission and distribution models. Results are used to quantify how the co-simulation timestep size can affect the propagation of dynamics between the models.","PeriodicalId":377998,"journal":{"name":"2023 IEEE PES Grid Edge Technologies Conference & Exposition (Grid Edge)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130338592","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-05DOI: 10.1109/GridEdge54130.2023.10102720
Lisa Laurent, Jean-Sébastien Brouillon, G. Ferrari-Trecate
This paper defines a Maximum Likelihood Estimator (MLE) for the admittance matrix estimation of distribution grids, utilising voltage magnitude and power measurements collected only from common, unsychronised measuring devices (Smart Meters). First, we present a model of the grid, as well as the existing MLE based on voltage and current phasor measurements. Then, this problem formulation is adjusted for phase-less measurements using common assumptions. The effect of these assumptions is compared to the initial problem in various scenarios. Finally, numerical experiments on a popular IEEE benchmark network indicate promising results. Missing data can greatly disrupt estimation methods. Not measuring the voltage phase only adds 30% of error to the admittance matrix estimate in realistic conditions. Moreover, the sensitivity to measurement noise is similar with and without the phase.
{"title":"Maximum likelihood estimation of distribution grid topology and parameters from Smart Meter data","authors":"Lisa Laurent, Jean-Sébastien Brouillon, G. Ferrari-Trecate","doi":"10.1109/GridEdge54130.2023.10102720","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/GridEdge54130.2023.10102720","url":null,"abstract":"This paper defines a Maximum Likelihood Estimator (MLE) for the admittance matrix estimation of distribution grids, utilising voltage magnitude and power measurements collected only from common, unsychronised measuring devices (Smart Meters). First, we present a model of the grid, as well as the existing MLE based on voltage and current phasor measurements. Then, this problem formulation is adjusted for phase-less measurements using common assumptions. The effect of these assumptions is compared to the initial problem in various scenarios. Finally, numerical experiments on a popular IEEE benchmark network indicate promising results. Missing data can greatly disrupt estimation methods. Not measuring the voltage phase only adds 30% of error to the admittance matrix estimate in realistic conditions. Moreover, the sensitivity to measurement noise is similar with and without the phase.","PeriodicalId":377998,"journal":{"name":"2023 IEEE PES Grid Edge Technologies Conference & Exposition (Grid Edge)","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115888471","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}