Acoustic systems operating in warm shallow waters need to be robust against impulsive noise. The latter arises from the collective snaps of snapping shrimp populaces that naturally inhabit such waters. Besides being impulsive, the noise realizations also exhibit dependency between closely spaced samples. The implicit memory of such processes cause impulses to cluster together, which makes the process bursty. In our work, we consider the stationary α-sub-Gaussian noise with memory order m (αSGN(m)) model, which characterizes both the impulsiveness and burstiness of a noise process. The model is derived from the family of heavy-tailed symmetric α-stable (SαS) distributions. We investigate the error performance of various detectors for a passband single-carrier communication scheme in αSGN(m) with Rayleigh block fading. The maximum-likelihood (ML) detector is derived and modified robust detectors are proposed by extending the framework of generalized ML estimation theory to the αSGN(m) model. Detailed simulation results are presented to quantify the error performance of the detectors and carrier placement in αSGN(m).
{"title":"Robust communication in bursty impulsive noise and Rayleigh block fading","authors":"Ahmed Mahmood, M. Chitre","doi":"10.1145/2999504.3001111","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2999504.3001111","url":null,"abstract":"Acoustic systems operating in warm shallow waters need to be robust against impulsive noise. The latter arises from the collective snaps of snapping shrimp populaces that naturally inhabit such waters. Besides being impulsive, the noise realizations also exhibit dependency between closely spaced samples. The implicit memory of such processes cause impulses to cluster together, which makes the process bursty. In our work, we consider the stationary α-sub-Gaussian noise with memory order m (αSGN(m)) model, which characterizes both the impulsiveness and burstiness of a noise process. The model is derived from the family of heavy-tailed symmetric α-stable (SαS) distributions. We investigate the error performance of various detectors for a passband single-carrier communication scheme in αSGN(m) with Rayleigh block fading. The maximum-likelihood (ML) detector is derived and modified robust detectors are proposed by extending the framework of generalized ML estimation theory to the αSGN(m) model. Detailed simulation results are presented to quantify the error performance of the detectors and carrier placement in αSGN(m).","PeriodicalId":378624,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Underwater Networks & Systems","volume":"52 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124894612","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The last mile data transport from surface units to terrestrial data processing centers now is mainly carried out by either manual collection with manned ships or satellite networks, neither of which is cost-effective. Recently, several proposals discuss UAV-based solutions in terms of the design and testing of communication and networking. Due to unique geographical and climatic conditions in the ocean, this paper discusses constraints for a UAV to complete a data collection mission without landing in water or crashing.
{"title":"Operational conditions of an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) based underwater data collection system","authors":"Shengming Jiang, Nan Yao, Xinlei Jin","doi":"10.1145/2999504.3001103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2999504.3001103","url":null,"abstract":"The last mile data transport from surface units to terrestrial data processing centers now is mainly carried out by either manual collection with manned ships or satellite networks, neither of which is cost-effective. Recently, several proposals discuss UAV-based solutions in terms of the design and testing of communication and networking. Due to unique geographical and climatic conditions in the ocean, this paper discusses constraints for a UAV to complete a data collection mission without landing in water or crashing.","PeriodicalId":378624,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Underwater Networks & Systems","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125552589","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Using the sparse feature of the signal, compressed sensing theory can take a sample to compress data at a rate lower than the Nyquist sampling rate. The signal must be represented by the sparse matrix, however. Based on the above theory, this article puts forward a sparse degree of adaptive algorithms which can be used for the detection and reconstruction of the underwater target radiation signal. The received underwater target radiation signal, at first, transits the noise energy into signal energy under test by the stochastic resonance system, and then based on Gerschgorin disk criterion, it can make out the number of underwater target radiation signals in order to determine the optimal sparse degree of compressed sensing, and finally, the detection and reconstruction of the original signal can be realized by utilizing the compressed sensing technique. The simulation results show that this method can effectively detect underwater target radiation signals, and they can also be detected quite well under low signal-to-noise ratio(SNR).
{"title":"An effective method for underwater target radiation signal detecting and reconstructing","authors":"Jie Qi, Z. Cao, Haixin Sun","doi":"10.1145/2999504.3001078","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2999504.3001078","url":null,"abstract":"Using the sparse feature of the signal, compressed sensing theory can take a sample to compress data at a rate lower than the Nyquist sampling rate. The signal must be represented by the sparse matrix, however. Based on the above theory, this article puts forward a sparse degree of adaptive algorithms which can be used for the detection and reconstruction of the underwater target radiation signal. The received underwater target radiation signal, at first, transits the noise energy into signal energy under test by the stochastic resonance system, and then based on Gerschgorin disk criterion, it can make out the number of underwater target radiation signals in order to determine the optimal sparse degree of compressed sensing, and finally, the detection and reconstruction of the original signal can be realized by utilizing the compressed sensing technique. The simulation results show that this method can effectively detect underwater target radiation signals, and they can also be detected quite well under low signal-to-noise ratio(SNR).","PeriodicalId":378624,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Underwater Networks & Systems","volume":"71 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114137407","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
G. Ardelt, Martin Mackenberg, Janine Markmann, Tim Esemann, H. Hellbrück
The development process of short-range underwater communication systems consists of different phases. Each phase comprises a multitude of specific requirements to the development platform. Typically, the utilized hardware and software is custom-built for each phase and wireless technology. Thus, the available platforms are usually not flexible and only usable for a single development phase or a single wireless technology. Furthermore, the modification and adaption between the phases and technologies are costly and time-consuming. Platforms providing the flexibility to switch between phases or even wireless technologies are either expensive or are not suitable to be integrated into underwater equipment. We developed a flexible and modular platform consisting of a controller and different front ends. The platform is capable of performing complex tasks during all development phases. To achieve high performance with more complex modulation schemes, we combine an embedded Linux processor with a field programmable gate array (FPGA) for computational demanding tasks. We show that our platform is capable of supporting the development of short-range underwater communication systems using a variety of wireless underwater communication technologies.
{"title":"A flexible and modular platform for development of short-range underwater communication","authors":"G. Ardelt, Martin Mackenberg, Janine Markmann, Tim Esemann, H. Hellbrück","doi":"10.1145/2999504.3001067","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2999504.3001067","url":null,"abstract":"The development process of short-range underwater communication systems consists of different phases. Each phase comprises a multitude of specific requirements to the development platform. Typically, the utilized hardware and software is custom-built for each phase and wireless technology. Thus, the available platforms are usually not flexible and only usable for a single development phase or a single wireless technology. Furthermore, the modification and adaption between the phases and technologies are costly and time-consuming. Platforms providing the flexibility to switch between phases or even wireless technologies are either expensive or are not suitable to be integrated into underwater equipment. We developed a flexible and modular platform consisting of a controller and different front ends. The platform is capable of performing complex tasks during all development phases. To achieve high performance with more complex modulation schemes, we combine an embedded Linux processor with a field programmable gate array (FPGA) for computational demanding tasks. We show that our platform is capable of supporting the development of short-range underwater communication systems using a variety of wireless underwater communication technologies.","PeriodicalId":378624,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Underwater Networks & Systems","volume":"59 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114612133","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this paper, a handshaking-based MAC protocol that employs a cooperative ARQ is proposed for the underwater wireless sensor networks (UWSNs). During a handshaking, the source node identifies the neighbors that are qualified for cooperative communication and then inform the destination node of the existence of cooperators. In case that an erroneous data packet is received, the destination makes a request for retransmission of the erroneous packet from the cooperators first, not from the source. Simulation results show that the proposed scheme has higher data throughput than the existing MACAU-ACK protocol.
{"title":"A cooperative ARQ-based MAC protocol for underwater wireless sensor networks","authors":"Hee-won Kim, Ho-Shin Cho","doi":"10.1145/2999504.3001065","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2999504.3001065","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, a handshaking-based MAC protocol that employs a cooperative ARQ is proposed for the underwater wireless sensor networks (UWSNs). During a handshaking, the source node identifies the neighbors that are qualified for cooperative communication and then inform the destination node of the existence of cooperators. In case that an erroneous data packet is received, the destination makes a request for retransmission of the erroneous packet from the cooperators first, not from the source. Simulation results show that the proposed scheme has higher data throughput than the existing MACAU-ACK protocol.","PeriodicalId":378624,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Underwater Networks & Systems","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127706799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Localization is essential for underwater wireless sensor network (UWSN) applications. For a large coverage and relatively high location accuracy scene, most of prior anchor-based algorithms require a large number of reference nodes, which increases the system cost and complexity. In this work, we propose a new localization scheme in which well placed unknown nodes are localized directly by neighboring reference nodes and then serve as secondary reference (SR) nodes to help the localization of remaining unknown nodes. Numerical results suggest that the proposed scheme even with less reference nodes outperforms the traditional scheme especially with the help of more than one SR node.
{"title":"A novel indirect localization scheme for underwater wireless sensor networks","authors":"Yuhan Dong, Chen Cheng, Rui Wang, Zheng Li","doi":"10.1145/2999504.3001073","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2999504.3001073","url":null,"abstract":"Localization is essential for underwater wireless sensor network (UWSN) applications. For a large coverage and relatively high location accuracy scene, most of prior anchor-based algorithms require a large number of reference nodes, which increases the system cost and complexity. In this work, we propose a new localization scheme in which well placed unknown nodes are localized directly by neighboring reference nodes and then serve as secondary reference (SR) nodes to help the localization of remaining unknown nodes. Numerical results suggest that the proposed scheme even with less reference nodes outperforms the traditional scheme especially with the help of more than one SR node.","PeriodicalId":378624,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Underwater Networks & Systems","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129971161","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
F. Meneghello, Filippo Campagnaro, R. Diamant, P. Casari, M. Zorzi
Testing acoustic equipment before sea experiments is a necessary step, which usually requires large and expensive facilities. In this paper, we present the design guidelines, structure and details of a small-scale, low-cost acoustic chamber for in-lab testing of underwater acoustic networks. The chamber has been assembled with the objective to be of low cost and limited size: therefore, its installation fits small university laboratories that cannot afford large testing pools. The chamber was designed to mitigate the extreme multi-path which, in a small chamber, makes communications unreliable. Considering this challenge, our chamber includes a phono-absorbing coating on the walls and floor, to be optionally complemented by a panel of the same coating material, to be installed at the water surface level. After providing the details of several phono-absorbing materials to motivate our specific choice, we carry out a number of transmission experiment with EvoLogics modems, proving that our design substantially reduces the severe multi-path and thereby improves the communications quality.
{"title":"Design and evaluation of a low-cost acoustic chamber for underwater networking experiments","authors":"F. Meneghello, Filippo Campagnaro, R. Diamant, P. Casari, M. Zorzi","doi":"10.1145/2999504.3001086","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2999504.3001086","url":null,"abstract":"Testing acoustic equipment before sea experiments is a necessary step, which usually requires large and expensive facilities. In this paper, we present the design guidelines, structure and details of a small-scale, low-cost acoustic chamber for in-lab testing of underwater acoustic networks. The chamber has been assembled with the objective to be of low cost and limited size: therefore, its installation fits small university laboratories that cannot afford large testing pools. The chamber was designed to mitigate the extreme multi-path which, in a small chamber, makes communications unreliable. Considering this challenge, our chamber includes a phono-absorbing coating on the walls and floor, to be optionally complemented by a panel of the same coating material, to be installed at the water surface level. After providing the details of several phono-absorbing materials to motivate our specific choice, we carry out a number of transmission experiment with EvoLogics modems, proving that our design substantially reduces the severe multi-path and thereby improves the communications quality.","PeriodicalId":378624,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Underwater Networks & Systems","volume":"80 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131029316","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The design of medium access control (MAC) protocols for Underwater Acoustic Sensor Networks (UASNs) pose many challenges due to low bandwidth and high propagation delay. In this paper, a new medium access control (MAC) protocol called Handshake Triggered Chained-Concurrent MAC (HTCC) is proposed for large-scale applications in UWSNs. The main idea of HTCC is to establish a chained concurrent transmission accomplishing spatial reuse. The novelties of HTCC lie in: firstly, the protocol allows multi-direction handshake with different nodes simultaneously; secondly, a random access mechanism is integrated with the handshake mechanism for improve channel utilization. Simulation results show that HTCC outperforms extended version of Slotted floor acquisition multiple accesses (Ext-sFAMA) in terms of network throughput, the RTS efficiency, as well as fairness in representative scenarios.
{"title":"Handshake triggered chained-concurrent MAC protocol for underwater sensor networks","authors":"Danfeng Zhao, Guiyang Lun, M. Liang","doi":"10.1145/2999504.3001092","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2999504.3001092","url":null,"abstract":"The design of medium access control (MAC) protocols for Underwater Acoustic Sensor Networks (UASNs) pose many challenges due to low bandwidth and high propagation delay. In this paper, a new medium access control (MAC) protocol called Handshake Triggered Chained-Concurrent MAC (HTCC) is proposed for large-scale applications in UWSNs. The main idea of HTCC is to establish a chained concurrent transmission accomplishing spatial reuse. The novelties of HTCC lie in: firstly, the protocol allows multi-direction handshake with different nodes simultaneously; secondly, a random access mechanism is integrated with the handshake mechanism for improve channel utilization. Simulation results show that HTCC outperforms extended version of Slotted floor acquisition multiple accesses (Ext-sFAMA) in terms of network throughput, the RTS efficiency, as well as fairness in representative scenarios.","PeriodicalId":378624,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Underwater Networks & Systems","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115872569","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The oceans cover 71% of the Earth's surface and represent one of the least explored frontiers; yet, the oceans are integral to climate regulation, nutrient production, oil retrieval, and transportation. Also, water systems in general are of vital importance to life on Earth and commerce. For these reasons, there is significant interest in monitoring aquatic environments for scientific, environmental, commercial, safety, and military purposes. WUWNet is the premier venue for research and development bringing real-time, in-situ sensing and actuation to this aquatic world. The goal of this conference is to bring together researchers and practitioners in areas relevant to underwater networks and systems.
{"title":"Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Underwater Networks & Systems","authors":"P. Arabshahi, Dajun Sun, Wenham Xu","doi":"10.1145/2999504","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2999504","url":null,"abstract":"The oceans cover 71% of the Earth's surface and represent one of the least explored frontiers; yet, the oceans are integral to climate regulation, nutrient production, oil retrieval, and transportation. Also, water systems in general are of vital importance to life on Earth and commerce. For these reasons, there is significant interest in monitoring aquatic environments for scientific, environmental, commercial, safety, and military purposes. \u0000 \u0000WUWNet is the premier venue for research and development bringing real-time, in-situ sensing and actuation to this aquatic world. The goal of this conference is to bring together researchers and practitioners in areas relevant to underwater networks and systems.","PeriodicalId":378624,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Underwater Networks & Systems","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116945659","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper presents a media access control (MAC) protocol for distributed ocean current estimation using the underwater acoustic sensor network (UWASN). We present a spatial reuse time-division multiple access (TDMA) protocol. Based on measurement signal broadcasting process, we formulate the slot scheduling problem with a specific objective as an optimization problem that we resolve with a heuristic algorithm. We use computer simulations to analyze the proposed TDMA protocol's performance.
{"title":"MAC protocol for measurement signal broadcasting in distributed ocean current estimation using underwater acoustic sensor networks","authors":"Hao Chen, Hui-fang Chen, Min Deng, Lei Xie","doi":"10.1145/2999504.3001097","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2999504.3001097","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a media access control (MAC) protocol for distributed ocean current estimation using the underwater acoustic sensor network (UWASN). We present a spatial reuse time-division multiple access (TDMA) protocol. Based on measurement signal broadcasting process, we formulate the slot scheduling problem with a specific objective as an optimization problem that we resolve with a heuristic algorithm. We use computer simulations to analyze the proposed TDMA protocol's performance.","PeriodicalId":378624,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Underwater Networks & Systems","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128468486","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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