Pub Date : 2023-11-28DOI: 10.33091/amj.2023.141684.1254
N. Alyasari, Anwar Almzaiel
Background: Doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity (DIC) is a major complication of cancer chemotherapy. Thus, developing effective myocardial protection strategies during doxorubicin (Dox) therapy is a medical necessity. Objectives: To evaluate and compare the cardioprotective effectiveness of free berberine (Ber) and berberine loaded in micelles (mBer) against DIC. Materials and methods: The study, which was conducted in 2023, employed the H9c2 cell line, derived from embryonic cardiomyocytes, as a model. The study included a control group and six experimental groups: the Ber-treated group, the mBer-treated group, the Dox-treated group, the Ber-Dox combination-treated group, and the mBer-Dox combination-treated group, as well as the void micelles-treated group. The study evaluated the alterations in several cardiotoxicity markers with triplicate measurements: [lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), creatine kinase myocardial band (CK-MB), and cardiac troponin I (cTn-1)], lipid peroxidation indicator (malondialdehyde (MDA), oxidative stress markers [Reduced glutathione (GSH), catalase (CAT), and superoxide dismutase (SOD), inflammatory cytokines (interleukin-1 β (IL-1 β ) and interleukin-6 (IL-6)], and the activity of the apoptosis proteins caspases 3/7. Results: The DOX group demonstrated significant increases in cardiotoxicity enzyme indices, lipid peroxidation, generation of free radicals, inflammatory cytokines, and caspase 3/7 activity relative to the control group. When Ber, or mBer, was co-delivered with Dox, the levels of LDH, CK-MB, cTn-1, and MDA significantly decreased. Whereas the activities of SOD and CAT were significantly improved when Ber, or mBer, was co-delivered with Dox. They reduced the elevation in both IL-β and IL-6 levels as well as the activities of caspases 3 and 7 induced by Dox. Importantly, the utilization of the micellar formulation of Ber in conjunction with Dox significantly enhanced the cardioprotective efficacy of Ber against DIC in H9c2 cells. Conclusion: Our results suggest that mBer offers a novel Ber delivery approach and prospective therapeutic strategy for the treatment of DIC.
{"title":"Micellar Nanoformulation of Berberine to Mitigate Doxorubicin-induced Cardiotoxicity: A Cell-line Study","authors":"N. Alyasari, Anwar Almzaiel","doi":"10.33091/amj.2023.141684.1254","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33091/amj.2023.141684.1254","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity (DIC) is a major complication of cancer chemotherapy. Thus, developing effective myocardial protection strategies during doxorubicin (Dox) therapy is a medical necessity. Objectives: To evaluate and compare the cardioprotective effectiveness of free berberine (Ber) and berberine loaded in micelles (mBer) against DIC. Materials and methods: The study, which was conducted in 2023, employed the H9c2 cell line, derived from embryonic cardiomyocytes, as a model. The study included a control group and six experimental groups: the Ber-treated group, the mBer-treated group, the Dox-treated group, the Ber-Dox combination-treated group, and the mBer-Dox combination-treated group, as well as the void micelles-treated group. The study evaluated the alterations in several cardiotoxicity markers with triplicate measurements: [lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), creatine kinase myocardial band (CK-MB), and cardiac troponin I (cTn-1)], lipid peroxidation indicator (malondialdehyde (MDA), oxidative stress markers [Reduced glutathione (GSH), catalase (CAT), and superoxide dismutase (SOD), inflammatory cytokines (interleukin-1 β (IL-1 β ) and interleukin-6 (IL-6)], and the activity of the apoptosis proteins caspases 3/7. Results: The DOX group demonstrated significant increases in cardiotoxicity enzyme indices, lipid peroxidation, generation of free radicals, inflammatory cytokines, and caspase 3/7 activity relative to the control group. When Ber, or mBer, was co-delivered with Dox, the levels of LDH, CK-MB, cTn-1, and MDA significantly decreased. Whereas the activities of SOD and CAT were significantly improved when Ber, or mBer, was co-delivered with Dox. They reduced the elevation in both IL-β and IL-6 levels as well as the activities of caspases 3 and 7 induced by Dox. Importantly, the utilization of the micellar formulation of Ber in conjunction with Dox significantly enhanced the cardioprotective efficacy of Ber against DIC in H9c2 cells. Conclusion: Our results suggest that mBer offers a novel Ber delivery approach and prospective therapeutic strategy for the treatment of DIC.","PeriodicalId":378741,"journal":{"name":"Al- Anbar Medical Journal","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139216422","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-26DOI: 10.33091/amj.2023.141014.1201
T. S. S. Al-Rawi, Noor Sabeeh Shamkhi, Nazar Haddad
Background: Hypothyroidism is one of the most important thyroid disorders, and chronic autoimmune (Hashimoto’s) thyroiditis is the most common cause in iodine-replete areas. Anti-thyroglobulin antibodies (anti-Tg Ab) and anti-thyroid peroxidase antibodies (anti-TPO Ab) are commonly associated with the development of chronic autoimmune thyroiditis. However, the precise relationship between them has not been defined yet. Objectives: To study the relationship between anti-Tg Ab and anti-TPO Ab among patients with primary hypothyroidism. Materials and methods: In a cross-sectional study of 169 patients with primary hypothyroidism, their anti-TPO Ab and anti-Tg Ab were measured, analyzed, and correlated together. Results: Positive anti-TPO Ab and anti-Tg Ab were observed in 52.1% of the patients, while 26% and 8.9% of them were only positive for anti-TPO Ab or anti-Tg Ab, respectively, and the remaining 13% showed no positivity for both of them. Anti-Tg Ab titer increased steadily with advancing age in contrast to anti-TPO Ab (P-value = 0.009). The best and highest positive predictive value for having a positive anti-TPO Ab was 91%, and this was obtained at an anti-Tg titer of > 691 IU/mL with a sensitivity of 31% and specificity of 89% at an odds ratio of 3.72 (P-value = 0.014). The best negative predictive value was seen at an anti-Tg Ab titer < 11 IU/mL with a sensitivity of 99% and a specificity of 24% (P-value < 0.001), while a maximum Youden’s value of 1.4 (i.e., maximum sensitivity at a maximum specificity) was obtained at a titer of 26 IU/mL with a positive predictive value of 86% and a negative predictive value of 59% with a sensitivity of 90% and a specificity of 51% (P-value < 0.001). Conclusion: Both anti-Tg Ab and anti-TPO Ab had considerable information in patients with chronic autoimmune hypothyroidism. Anti-Tg Ab tends to be more informative in older people ( > 50 years), where it is more prevalent than anti-TPO Ab. At an anti-Tg Ab titer > 691 IU/mL, we most likely will have positive anti-TPO Ab, while at an anti-Tg Ab titer < 11 IU/ml, we most likely have negative anti-TPO Ab.
背景：甲状腺功能减退症是最重要的甲状腺疾病之一，而慢性自身免疫性（桥本氏）甲状腺炎是缺碘地区最常见的病因。抗甲状腺球蛋白抗体（抗 Tg Ab）和抗甲状腺过氧化物酶抗体（抗TPO Ab）通常与慢性自身免疫性甲状腺炎的发生有关。然而，它们之间的确切关系尚未确定。研究目的研究原发性甲状腺功能减退症患者中抗 Tg Ab 和抗TPO Ab 之间的关系。材料与方法对 169 例原发性甲状腺功能减退症患者进行横断面研究，同时测量、分析和关联他们的抗-TPO Ab 和抗-Tg Ab。结果52.1%的患者抗TPO抗体和抗Tg抗体呈阳性，26%和8.9%的患者仅抗TPO抗体或抗Tg抗体呈阳性，其余13%的患者抗TPO抗体和抗Tg抗体均不呈阳性。抗-Tg抗体滴度随着年龄的增长而稳步上升，与抗-TPO抗体形成鲜明对比（P值=0.009）。抗-TPO抗体阳性的最佳和最高阳性预测值为91%，当抗-Tg滴度大于691 IU/mL时，其敏感性为31%，特异性为89%，几率比为3.72（P值=0.014）。抗 Tg Ab 滴度小于 11 IU/mL 时的阴性预测值最佳，灵敏度为 99%，特异性为 24%（P 值小于 0.001），而 Youden's 值的最大值为 1.4（即：抗 Tg Ab 滴度小于 11 IU/mL 时的灵敏度最大，特异性最大）、1.4（即最大规格时的最大灵敏度），阳性预测值为 86%，阴性预测值为 59%，灵敏度为 90%，规格为 51%（P 值 < 0.001）。结论抗Tg抗体和抗TPO抗体在慢性自身免疫性甲状腺功能减退症患者中都有相当大的信息量。抗Tg抗体在老年人（50岁以上）中的信息量更大，比抗TPO抗体更普遍。抗Tg抗体滴度大于691 IU/ml时，抗TPO抗体很可能呈阳性，而抗Tg抗体滴度小于11 IU/ml时，抗TPO抗体很可能呈阴性。
{"title":"Association of Anti-Thyroglobulin and Anti-Thyroid Peroxidase Antibodies in Patients with Primary Hypothyroidism","authors":"T. S. S. Al-Rawi, Noor Sabeeh Shamkhi, Nazar Haddad","doi":"10.33091/amj.2023.141014.1201","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33091/amj.2023.141014.1201","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Hypothyroidism is one of the most important thyroid disorders, and chronic autoimmune (Hashimoto’s) thyroiditis is the most common cause in iodine-replete areas. Anti-thyroglobulin antibodies (anti-Tg Ab) and anti-thyroid peroxidase antibodies (anti-TPO Ab) are commonly associated with the development of chronic autoimmune thyroiditis. However, the precise relationship between them has not been defined yet. Objectives: To study the relationship between anti-Tg Ab and anti-TPO Ab among patients with primary hypothyroidism. Materials and methods: In a cross-sectional study of 169 patients with primary hypothyroidism, their anti-TPO Ab and anti-Tg Ab were measured, analyzed, and correlated together. Results: Positive anti-TPO Ab and anti-Tg Ab were observed in 52.1% of the patients, while 26% and 8.9% of them were only positive for anti-TPO Ab or anti-Tg Ab, respectively, and the remaining 13% showed no positivity for both of them. Anti-Tg Ab titer increased steadily with advancing age in contrast to anti-TPO Ab (P-value = 0.009). The best and highest positive predictive value for having a positive anti-TPO Ab was 91%, and this was obtained at an anti-Tg titer of > 691 IU/mL with a sensitivity of 31% and specificity of 89% at an odds ratio of 3.72 (P-value = 0.014). The best negative predictive value was seen at an anti-Tg Ab titer < 11 IU/mL with a sensitivity of 99% and a specificity of 24% (P-value < 0.001), while a maximum Youden’s value of 1.4 (i.e., maximum sensitivity at a maximum specificity) was obtained at a titer of 26 IU/mL with a positive predictive value of 86% and a negative predictive value of 59% with a sensitivity of 90% and a specificity of 51% (P-value < 0.001). Conclusion: Both anti-Tg Ab and anti-TPO Ab had considerable information in patients with chronic autoimmune hypothyroidism. Anti-Tg Ab tends to be more informative in older people ( > 50 years), where it is more prevalent than anti-TPO Ab. At an anti-Tg Ab titer > 691 IU/mL, we most likely will have positive anti-TPO Ab, while at an anti-Tg Ab titer < 11 IU/ml, we most likely have negative anti-TPO Ab.","PeriodicalId":378741,"journal":{"name":"Al- Anbar Medical Journal","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139235298","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-20DOI: 10.33091/amj.2023.142086.1292
zinah Ghanim, Myasar Alkotaji, Mohannad Qazzaz
The authors conducted an extensive literature search of the Science Direct, Scopus, PubMed, and Web of Science databases. Published studies and original articles published in reputed peer-reviewed journals reporting original research were considered. Different wound dressings show different properties and may have different applications depending on the types of wounds. Traditional wound dressings (like gauze), mainly used for clean and dry wounds with mild exudate, are cheap and affordable, however, they suffer from many limitations; including adherence to the skin, pain in removal, contamination with bacteria, and other obstacles. On the other hand, modern dressings have many advantages, such as the fact that they do not adhere to the wound, they are easily removed, and many other advantages. The introduction of nanotechnology in the field has accelerated the discovery and the applications, and many new pharmaceutical products for wound treatment will enter the market soon. Therefore, evaluating the advantages and limitations of different types of dressings and determining a suitable type of wound dressing to be applied is crucial. This article aims to explain the different types of wound healing agents or dressings available to treat acute or chronic wounds.
作者在 Science Direct、Scopus、PubMed 和 Web of Science 数据库中进行了广泛的文献检索。研究考虑了已发表的研究报告以及在知名同行评审期刊上发表的报道原创研究的原创文章。不同的伤口敷料具有不同的特性，根据伤口类型的不同，其用途也可能不同。传统的伤口敷料（如纱布）主要用于清洁、干燥且有轻微渗液的伤口，价格低廉，但存在许多局限性，包括与皮肤粘连、去除时疼痛、细菌污染等障碍。另一方面，现代敷料具有许多优点，如不粘附伤口、易于移除等。纳米技术的引入加速了这一领域的发现和应用，许多新的伤口治疗药物产品将很快进入市场。因此，评估不同类型敷料的优势和局限性，确定适合应用的伤口敷料类型至关重要。本文旨在介绍治疗急性或慢性伤口的不同类型的伤口愈合剂或敷料。
{"title":"Insight into Topical Preparations for Wound Healing: Traditional and Modern Dressings","authors":"zinah Ghanim, Myasar Alkotaji, Mohannad Qazzaz","doi":"10.33091/amj.2023.142086.1292","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33091/amj.2023.142086.1292","url":null,"abstract":"The authors conducted an extensive literature search of the Science Direct, Scopus, PubMed, and Web of Science databases. Published studies and original articles published in reputed peer-reviewed journals reporting original research were considered. Different wound dressings show different properties and may have different applications depending on the types of wounds. Traditional wound dressings (like gauze), mainly used for clean and dry wounds with mild exudate, are cheap and affordable, however, they suffer from many limitations; including adherence to the skin, pain in removal, contamination with bacteria, and other obstacles. On the other hand, modern dressings have many advantages, such as the fact that they do not adhere to the wound, they are easily removed, and many other advantages. The introduction of nanotechnology in the field has accelerated the discovery and the applications, and many new pharmaceutical products for wound treatment will enter the market soon. Therefore, evaluating the advantages and limitations of different types of dressings and determining a suitable type of wound dressing to be applied is crucial. This article aims to explain the different types of wound healing agents or dressings available to treat acute or chronic wounds.","PeriodicalId":378741,"journal":{"name":"Al- Anbar Medical Journal","volume":"268 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139257071","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-20DOI: 10.33091/amj.2023.140349.1155
Esraa Mohammed, N. Muhammed
{"title":"Effect of Maternal Beta-Thalassemia Minor on Obstetrical and Neonatal Outcomes in Kirkuk Province, Iraq","authors":"Esraa Mohammed, N. Muhammed","doi":"10.33091/amj.2023.140349.1155","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33091/amj.2023.140349.1155","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":378741,"journal":{"name":"Al- Anbar Medical Journal","volume":"83 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139256817","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-16DOI: 10.33091/amj.2023.141295.1225
Thamir Kubaisi
{"title":"Resistant Dermatophytosis: A Stubborn Habit and Major Challenge in Iraq","authors":"Thamir Kubaisi","doi":"10.33091/amj.2023.141295.1225","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33091/amj.2023.141295.1225","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":378741,"journal":{"name":"Al- Anbar Medical Journal","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139267896","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-12DOI: 10.33091/amj.2023.140046.1131
Ahmed Abed, Nada Al- Ghaban
Background: Oral mucosa refers to the mucous membrane that lines the tissues within the oral cavity. Wound healing is an essential physiological process that involves the collaboration of numerous cell strains and their products to restore damage caused by a local aggressor. This process begins very early in the inflammatory phase and finishes with tissue repair. Myrrh oil has an anti-inflammatory effect on wound contraction, re-epithelization, early neovascularization, and increased collagen density. Objectives: To evaluate the effectiveness of myrrh oil in rats oral mucosal ulcer healing. Materials and methods: 36 adult male albino rats (Rattus norvegicus) of about 250–300 g of weight and an age of about 2–3 months were used in this experimental study. The practical part of this study lasted two months (June–July 2022) in the private animals’ house of Al-Dhyaa in Baghdad City, Iraq. The traumatic ulcer, with an 8 mm diameter and 1 mm depth was made on the right cheek mucosa by using a round diamond bur. The ulcer was treated once daily with a single topical dosage of 10 L of sterile distilled water (control Group). While in the myrrh oil Group, the ulcer was managed once a day with a micropipette dose of 10 ml of 1 mg/ml of myrrh oil. Animals were sacrificed after ulceration with general anesthesia over healing periods 1, 3, and 7 days. Histological analysis was performed by calculating the average wound contraction size, inflammatory cells and epithelial cells, and blood vessels. On days 1, 3, and 7 of the healing process, Van Gieson stain and Periodic Acid-Schiff stain were used to organise collagen fibre deposition and extracellular matrix production in all of the groups that were looked at. Results: Histological findings of an induced oral ulcer treated with daily application of myrrh oil showed more epithelization, reduced inflammation, increased angiogenesis, and decreased healing time in comparison to the control Group. The histochemical findings showed a significant difference in collagen fibers synthesis and extracellular matrix formation in myrrh oil in comparison to the control Group. Conclusion: Myrrh oil is more effective in promoting the healing of ulcers than the control Group.
{"title":"Acceleration of Ulcer Healing by Local Application of Myrrh Oil: An Experimental Study","authors":"Ahmed Abed, Nada Al- Ghaban","doi":"10.33091/amj.2023.140046.1131","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33091/amj.2023.140046.1131","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Oral mucosa refers to the mucous membrane that lines the tissues within the oral cavity. Wound healing is an essential physiological process that involves the collaboration of numerous cell strains and their products to restore damage caused by a local aggressor. This process begins very early in the inflammatory phase and finishes with tissue repair. Myrrh oil has an anti-inflammatory effect on wound contraction, re-epithelization, early neovascularization, and increased collagen density. Objectives: To evaluate the effectiveness of myrrh oil in rats oral mucosal ulcer healing. Materials and methods: 36 adult male albino rats (Rattus norvegicus) of about 250–300 g of weight and an age of about 2–3 months were used in this experimental study. The practical part of this study lasted two months (June–July 2022) in the private animals’ house of Al-Dhyaa in Baghdad City, Iraq. The traumatic ulcer, with an 8 mm diameter and 1 mm depth was made on the right cheek mucosa by using a round diamond bur. The ulcer was treated once daily with a single topical dosage of 10 L of sterile distilled water (control Group). While in the myrrh oil Group, the ulcer was managed once a day with a micropipette dose of 10 ml of 1 mg/ml of myrrh oil. Animals were sacrificed after ulceration with general anesthesia over healing periods 1, 3, and 7 days. Histological analysis was performed by calculating the average wound contraction size, inflammatory cells and epithelial cells, and blood vessels. On days 1, 3, and 7 of the healing process, Van Gieson stain and Periodic Acid-Schiff stain were used to organise collagen fibre deposition and extracellular matrix production in all of the groups that were looked at. Results: Histological findings of an induced oral ulcer treated with daily application of myrrh oil showed more epithelization, reduced inflammation, increased angiogenesis, and decreased healing time in comparison to the control Group. The histochemical findings showed a significant difference in collagen fibers synthesis and extracellular matrix formation in myrrh oil in comparison to the control Group. Conclusion: Myrrh oil is more effective in promoting the healing of ulcers than the control Group.","PeriodicalId":378741,"journal":{"name":"Al- Anbar Medical Journal","volume":"26 10","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135037288","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-11DOI: 10.33091/amj.2023.142221.1301
Mustafa Ali Kassim Kassim, Alexandru Cosmin Pantazi, Mustafa Hussein Naser Naser
D ear Editor, with interest, we read Nori et al. review entitled ”Probiotics in Women and Pediatrics Health: A Narrative Review” published in AlAnbar Medical Journal volume 19, issue 1, 2023 [1]. The review discussed the role of probiotics in pediatric health, including gastrointestinal, respiratory, psychological, and neurological diseases. We believe that the role of gut microbiota (GM) and modulating them by probiotics in pediatric chronic kidney diseases (CKD) is worth mentioning. GM application in CKD can yield encouraging outcomes as summarized in Figure 1. Such endeavors would furnish valuable insights into novel probiotic strains and their potential benefits for renal disease in pediatrics [2]. Examining GM in pediatric CKD is an emerging field of research. Alterations in GM composition and function have been linked to various pediatric diseases through the production of metabolites, regulation of immune responses, and modulation of inflammation [3, 4]. Identifying a specific GM signature or marker may indicate the presence or progression of CKD, thus allowing timely interventions to prevent disease progression [2]. Furthermore, different GM profiles may respond differently to medications or dietary treatments, allowing for customised treatment strategies based on an individual’s unique GM; in addition, GM alteration may be a non-invasive method to evaluate treatment efficiency and disease progression [5]. Nevertheless, it is crucial to acknowledge that investigations into the diagnostic utilization of GM in pediatric PKD are currently nascent. Recent work discussed modulating GM via probiotics in
{"title":"Probiotics and Gut Microbiota: A New Horizon in Pediatric Chronic Kidney Disease","authors":"Mustafa Ali Kassim Kassim, Alexandru Cosmin Pantazi, Mustafa Hussein Naser Naser","doi":"10.33091/amj.2023.142221.1301","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33091/amj.2023.142221.1301","url":null,"abstract":"D ear Editor, with interest, we read Nori et al. review entitled ”Probiotics in Women and Pediatrics Health: A Narrative Review” published in AlAnbar Medical Journal volume 19, issue 1, 2023 [1]. The review discussed the role of probiotics in pediatric health, including gastrointestinal, respiratory, psychological, and neurological diseases. We believe that the role of gut microbiota (GM) and modulating them by probiotics in pediatric chronic kidney diseases (CKD) is worth mentioning. GM application in CKD can yield encouraging outcomes as summarized in Figure 1. Such endeavors would furnish valuable insights into novel probiotic strains and their potential benefits for renal disease in pediatrics [2]. Examining GM in pediatric CKD is an emerging field of research. Alterations in GM composition and function have been linked to various pediatric diseases through the production of metabolites, regulation of immune responses, and modulation of inflammation [3, 4]. Identifying a specific GM signature or marker may indicate the presence or progression of CKD, thus allowing timely interventions to prevent disease progression [2]. Furthermore, different GM profiles may respond differently to medications or dietary treatments, allowing for customised treatment strategies based on an individual’s unique GM; in addition, GM alteration may be a non-invasive method to evaluate treatment efficiency and disease progression [5]. Nevertheless, it is crucial to acknowledge that investigations into the diagnostic utilization of GM in pediatric PKD are currently nascent. Recent work discussed modulating GM via probiotics in","PeriodicalId":378741,"journal":{"name":"Al- Anbar Medical Journal","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136062724","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-07DOI: 10.33091/amj.2023.139474.1094
Noor Hanoush, Lara Abdulmageed, Salahaldin Fahad
Tuberculosis (TB) has been a well-known infectious disease for many centuries. It carries a high rate of morbidity and mortality across the globe. Pregnant women are more susceptible to TB than other individuals owing to the certain physiological changes that accompany pregnancy. There is still doubt that pregnancy is a risk factor for the progression of a TB infection (TBI) to a TB illness. Latent TB infection (LTBI), a term used to describe the fact that mycobacterium tuberculosis is found in a dormant stage, can be isolated in pregnant women. As a rule of thumb, early diagnosis and prompt treatment prevent unwanted complications and even mortality in pregnant women and developing fetuses. As a consequence, knowing the various aspects of TB is of utmost importance when dealing with physicians and pregnant women. Many diagnostic tools, including history and physical examination, chest X-ray, tuberculin test, and interferon-gamma release assays, are useful in the early detection of TB. However, the risks and benefits of each test should be taken into consideration. Furthermore, close monitoring of the pregnant woman with TB is an essential step for early detection of its complications. Anti-tuberculosis therapy, including isoniazid, rifampin, ethambutol, and pyrazinamide, can be used with certain modifications of their doses to decrease the risk of the disease to both a pregnant woman and her fetus. This narrative review aims to summarize the different aspects (epidemiological distribution, risk factors, diagnostic tools, complications, and management) of TB during pregnancy.
{"title":"Diagnosis and Management of Tuberculosis Infection in Pregnant Women: A Narrative Review","authors":"Noor Hanoush, Lara Abdulmageed, Salahaldin Fahad","doi":"10.33091/amj.2023.139474.1094","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33091/amj.2023.139474.1094","url":null,"abstract":"Tuberculosis (TB) has been a well-known infectious disease for many centuries. It carries a high rate of morbidity and mortality across the globe. Pregnant women are more susceptible to TB than other individuals owing to the certain physiological changes that accompany pregnancy. There is still doubt that pregnancy is a risk factor for the progression of a TB infection (TBI) to a TB illness. Latent TB infection (LTBI), a term used to describe the fact that mycobacterium tuberculosis is found in a dormant stage, can be isolated in pregnant women. As a rule of thumb, early diagnosis and prompt treatment prevent unwanted complications and even mortality in pregnant women and developing fetuses. As a consequence, knowing the various aspects of TB is of utmost importance when dealing with physicians and pregnant women. Many diagnostic tools, including history and physical examination, chest X-ray, tuberculin test, and interferon-gamma release assays, are useful in the early detection of TB. However, the risks and benefits of each test should be taken into consideration. Furthermore, close monitoring of the pregnant woman with TB is an essential step for early detection of its complications. Anti-tuberculosis therapy, including isoniazid, rifampin, ethambutol, and pyrazinamide, can be used with certain modifications of their doses to decrease the risk of the disease to both a pregnant woman and her fetus. This narrative review aims to summarize the different aspects (epidemiological distribution, risk factors, diagnostic tools, complications, and management) of TB during pregnancy.","PeriodicalId":378741,"journal":{"name":"Al- Anbar Medical Journal","volume":"64 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135252098","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-07DOI: 10.33091/amj.2023.139295.1085
Ibraheem Taha, Ibrahim Mahmood, Qasim Al-Mayah
Background: Hypercoagulable state is a major complication of the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19), with a possible result of debility and/or mortality. Homocysteine and SCUBE-1 are plasma biomarkers; their abnormal levels are relatable to coagulation as a cause or an effect. Objectives: To investigate the association of homocysteine and SCUBE-1 with COVID-19–associated hypercoagulability. Materials and Methods: This is a cross-sectional study with ninety adult COVID-19 patients with variable severity. Patients were classified according to D-dimer level at the time of hospital admission into two groups: with and without hypercoagulability. Serum was extracted from centrifuged blood (collected in gel tubes) and stored at -20 ºC. Serum levels of homocysteine and SCUBE-1 were measured utilizing Chemiluminescense Immunoassay and Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay, respectively, using commercially available kits. Results: Thirty-eight patients (42.22%) out of the ninety had a hypercoagulable state, and the vast majority of patients with hypercoagulability (89.47%) had severe disease. The median (IQR) levels of homocysteine and SCUBE-1 in patients with hypercoagulability were 9.56 (8.75) µmol/L and 0.19 (0.11) ng/ml, respectively, which were higher than that of normal coagulable patients (8.15 [5.85] µmol/L and 0.16 [0.06] ng/ml, respectively) with highly significant differences (P-value = 0.044 and 0.01, respectively). Conclusion: Homocysteine and SCUBE-1 serum levels are significantly associated with COVID-19 hypercoagulability and disease severity, and may be utilized as adjunct biomarkers for prediction/diagnosis of hypercoagulability in COVID-19 patients.
{"title":"COVID-19 Hypercoagulability Association with Serum Levels of Homocysteine and SCUBE-1","authors":"Ibraheem Taha, Ibrahim Mahmood, Qasim Al-Mayah","doi":"10.33091/amj.2023.139295.1085","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33091/amj.2023.139295.1085","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Hypercoagulable state is a major complication of the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19), with a possible result of debility and/or mortality. Homocysteine and SCUBE-1 are plasma biomarkers; their abnormal levels are relatable to coagulation as a cause or an effect. Objectives: To investigate the association of homocysteine and SCUBE-1 with COVID-19–associated hypercoagulability. Materials and Methods: This is a cross-sectional study with ninety adult COVID-19 patients with variable severity. Patients were classified according to D-dimer level at the time of hospital admission into two groups: with and without hypercoagulability. Serum was extracted from centrifuged blood (collected in gel tubes) and stored at -20 ºC. Serum levels of homocysteine and SCUBE-1 were measured utilizing Chemiluminescense Immunoassay and Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay, respectively, using commercially available kits. Results: Thirty-eight patients (42.22%) out of the ninety had a hypercoagulable state, and the vast majority of patients with hypercoagulability (89.47%) had severe disease. The median (IQR) levels of homocysteine and SCUBE-1 in patients with hypercoagulability were 9.56 (8.75) µmol/L and 0.19 (0.11) ng/ml, respectively, which were higher than that of normal coagulable patients (8.15 [5.85] µmol/L and 0.16 [0.06] ng/ml, respectively) with highly significant differences (P-value = 0.044 and 0.01, respectively). Conclusion: Homocysteine and SCUBE-1 serum levels are significantly associated with COVID-19 hypercoagulability and disease severity, and may be utilized as adjunct biomarkers for prediction/diagnosis of hypercoagulability in COVID-19 patients.","PeriodicalId":378741,"journal":{"name":"Al- Anbar Medical Journal","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135252256","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-07DOI: 10.33091/amj.2023.139263.1089
Haitham Fathi, mustafa Abdulqader, Omar abdullah
Background: Female diffuse alopecia is a common dermatologic problem. Consequently, a simple, quick, and quantitative assessment is required to aid in diagnosis. A clinic-based modified hair fall count in 60 seconds is proposed as a new, simple, and quick method for evaluating hair loss. Objectives: To assess bias and limit of agreement between the new Clinic-based modified hair fall count in 60 seconds (CBMHFC 60-S) and conventional home-based hair fall count in 60 seconds (HBHFC 60-S) determining hair fall in women with diffuse hair loss. Materials and Methods: Seventy-five women with diffuse alopecia recruited from Al-Salam Teaching Hospital, Mosul, Iraq underwent assessment of hair fall count by using two instruments, new single reading (CBMHFC 60-S) and conventional three reading (HBHFC 60-S). A multistage statistical analysis of validity tests was used to assess the performance of CBMHFC 60-S in comparison to HBHFC 60-S. These included the estimation of the difference between both methods; correlation and prediction; and lastly estimating accuracy (amount of bias and limits of agreement) using Bland Altman blot. A P-value < 0.05 was considered a statistically significant difference. Results: A non-statistically significant difference (P-value = 0.06) in average hair fall count was estimated by CBMHFC 60-S and HBFHFC 60-S (15.81 ± 7.16 vs 18.18 ± 8.56). A very highly significant linear relationship between both tests (r = 0.434, P-value <0.0001). A regression analysis yields the following prediction equation [CBMHFC 60-S = 9.21 + 0.36* (HBHFC 60-S)]. Bland-Altman blot revealed a high accuracy of the CBHFC 60-S. The count was less than HBHFC 60-S count by an average of 2.38 hairs. The 95% CI of CBMHFC 60-s in comparison to HBHFC 60-S will fall between -18.95 and 14.19. Conclusion: The new single reading CBMHFC-60S estimation of hair fall count was a valid test reflected by its strong association with an average of three readings of conventional HBHFC-60 and high concordance (low bias and high precision).
{"title":"Hair Fall Count 60-second: Clinic-Based Modified Count Versus Home-Based Count","authors":"Haitham Fathi, mustafa Abdulqader, Omar abdullah","doi":"10.33091/amj.2023.139263.1089","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33091/amj.2023.139263.1089","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Female diffuse alopecia is a common dermatologic problem. Consequently, a simple, quick, and quantitative assessment is required to aid in diagnosis. A clinic-based modified hair fall count in 60 seconds is proposed as a new, simple, and quick method for evaluating hair loss. Objectives: To assess bias and limit of agreement between the new Clinic-based modified hair fall count in 60 seconds (CBMHFC 60-S) and conventional home-based hair fall count in 60 seconds (HBHFC 60-S) determining hair fall in women with diffuse hair loss. Materials and Methods: Seventy-five women with diffuse alopecia recruited from Al-Salam Teaching Hospital, Mosul, Iraq underwent assessment of hair fall count by using two instruments, new single reading (CBMHFC 60-S) and conventional three reading (HBHFC 60-S). A multistage statistical analysis of validity tests was used to assess the performance of CBMHFC 60-S in comparison to HBHFC 60-S. These included the estimation of the difference between both methods; correlation and prediction; and lastly estimating accuracy (amount of bias and limits of agreement) using Bland Altman blot. A P-value < 0.05 was considered a statistically significant difference. Results: A non-statistically significant difference (P-value = 0.06) in average hair fall count was estimated by CBMHFC 60-S and HBFHFC 60-S (15.81 ± 7.16 vs 18.18 ± 8.56). A very highly significant linear relationship between both tests (r = 0.434, P-value <0.0001). A regression analysis yields the following prediction equation [CBMHFC 60-S = 9.21 + 0.36* (HBHFC 60-S)]. Bland-Altman blot revealed a high accuracy of the CBHFC 60-S. The count was less than HBHFC 60-S count by an average of 2.38 hairs. The 95% CI of CBMHFC 60-s in comparison to HBHFC 60-S will fall between -18.95 and 14.19. Conclusion: The new single reading CBMHFC-60S estimation of hair fall count was a valid test reflected by its strong association with an average of three readings of conventional HBHFC-60 and high concordance (low bias and high precision).","PeriodicalId":378741,"journal":{"name":"Al- Anbar Medical Journal","volume":"57 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135251951","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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