Abstract In this paper researches which focus on laser heat treatment of nickel-based alloys are reviewed. Studies published from 1970s until today are taken into consideration. Publications which focus on influence of laser thermal processing on surface layer condition both on solid materials and pre-deposited coatings are described. Laser technologies in which additional materials are delivered during the process are not considered. In order to focus on studies investigating microstructural changes resulting mainly from material remelting, laser shock processing is also disregarded.
{"title":"Laser heat treatment of nickel-based alloys – a review","authors":"M. Kukliński, M. Szymański, D. Przestacki","doi":"10.2478/amtm-2019-0009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/amtm-2019-0009","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In this paper researches which focus on laser heat treatment of nickel-based alloys are reviewed. Studies published from 1970s until today are taken into consideration. Publications which focus on influence of laser thermal processing on surface layer condition both on solid materials and pre-deposited coatings are described. Laser technologies in which additional materials are delivered during the process are not considered. In order to focus on studies investigating microstructural changes resulting mainly from material remelting, laser shock processing is also disregarded.","PeriodicalId":379471,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Mechanical Technology and Materials","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128299062","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract This paper demonstrates kinematic analysis of multiple trailers on a tractor system for production logistics. The analysis concerned three different steering systems of the trailers: virtual clutch and drawbar system, conventional clutch and drawbar system, double Ackermann steering system. Designed kinematic models contain various variants of paths: turning at a constant value of the steering angle, changing the steering angle as a result of an approaching collision. Each of these variants also included driving in a straight line after a 90° turn. The validation of the developed kinematic model was done by using a real logistic train, which path was registered via aerial drone. For each of the developed kinematic models, a visualization of drive through the 90° turn was created.
{"title":"Kinematic model of multiple trailers on a tractor system for production logistics applications","authors":"W. Paszkowiak, Tomasz Bartkowiak, M. Pelic","doi":"10.2478/amtm-2019-0004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/amtm-2019-0004","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This paper demonstrates kinematic analysis of multiple trailers on a tractor system for production logistics. The analysis concerned three different steering systems of the trailers: virtual clutch and drawbar system, conventional clutch and drawbar system, double Ackermann steering system. Designed kinematic models contain various variants of paths: turning at a constant value of the steering angle, changing the steering angle as a result of an approaching collision. Each of these variants also included driving in a straight line after a 90° turn. The validation of the developed kinematic model was done by using a real logistic train, which path was registered via aerial drone. For each of the developed kinematic models, a visualization of drive through the 90° turn was created.","PeriodicalId":379471,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Mechanical Technology and Materials","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124740565","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ernyl S. Onrejas, Jonathan Olores Etcuban, Redjie D. Arcadio, Marde T. Ponce, Rosein A. Ancheta, Rino Anthony Demeterio
Abstract The utility model discussed in this study discloses a wood lathe balancing rest that is advantageous in terms of design, ergonomics, and functions. The study aimed to fabricate a safety device for the wood lathe machine to prevent kickback and slow down vibration from the workpiece attached to the lathe machine to avoid the vibration of the workpiece and to avoid an accident to the operator and to avoid damage of the materials. The utility model is planned not exclusively to spare time yet also for the wellbeing of the laborers amid activity. It is designed to hold the workpiece when turning and control the vibration, it can be mounted on the bed of the lathe near the center of the turning planetary.
{"title":"Acceptability testing and development of a novel wood lathe balanced rest","authors":"Ernyl S. Onrejas, Jonathan Olores Etcuban, Redjie D. Arcadio, Marde T. Ponce, Rosein A. Ancheta, Rino Anthony Demeterio","doi":"10.2478/amtm-2019-0011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/amtm-2019-0011","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The utility model discussed in this study discloses a wood lathe balancing rest that is advantageous in terms of design, ergonomics, and functions. The study aimed to fabricate a safety device for the wood lathe machine to prevent kickback and slow down vibration from the workpiece attached to the lathe machine to avoid the vibration of the workpiece and to avoid an accident to the operator and to avoid damage of the materials. The utility model is planned not exclusively to spare time yet also for the wellbeing of the laborers amid activity. It is designed to hold the workpiece when turning and control the vibration, it can be mounted on the bed of the lathe near the center of the turning planetary.","PeriodicalId":379471,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Mechanical Technology and Materials","volume":"98 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127159723","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Robert Koteras, M. Wieczorowski, P. Znaniecki, N. Swojak
Abstract The subject of the article is an attempt to determine the impact of the applied measurement strategy on the accuracy of the measurement result. This problem is particularly crucial when measuring large objects. In these cases, it is not always possible to provide ideal conditions for the submission of particular scans. It is necessary to adjust the strategy to specific imposed conditions defined by the geometry of the object and to the time frame of the measurement itself. With regard to the above, an attempt was made to carry out a series of accuracy studies testing the structural light scanner while measuring elements of overall dimensions greater than the measuring capacity of the scanner. At the same time, various potential measuring strategies were simulated in practical applications. Our studies were conducted using a pre-designed test template with a defined distribution pattern of reference points and geometrical elements. Moreover, in order to make an in-depth investigation of the issue, some trials were undertaken with the use of limiting parameters. That means the scanner had both an excess and shortage of information required for a correct assembly of scans. Those scopes were taken into consideration in the study in order to use the acquired knowledge in practical measuring applications. Furthermore, conclusions from the conducted studies indicate peaks and troughs of respective measuring strategies with special care for determining relationships among the used strategies and the measuring accuracy parameters.
{"title":"Measurement strategy as a determinant of the measurement uncertainty of an optical scanner","authors":"Robert Koteras, M. Wieczorowski, P. Znaniecki, N. Swojak","doi":"10.2478/amtm-2019-0005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/amtm-2019-0005","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The subject of the article is an attempt to determine the impact of the applied measurement strategy on the accuracy of the measurement result. This problem is particularly crucial when measuring large objects. In these cases, it is not always possible to provide ideal conditions for the submission of particular scans. It is necessary to adjust the strategy to specific imposed conditions defined by the geometry of the object and to the time frame of the measurement itself. With regard to the above, an attempt was made to carry out a series of accuracy studies testing the structural light scanner while measuring elements of overall dimensions greater than the measuring capacity of the scanner. At the same time, various potential measuring strategies were simulated in practical applications. Our studies were conducted using a pre-designed test template with a defined distribution pattern of reference points and geometrical elements. Moreover, in order to make an in-depth investigation of the issue, some trials were undertaken with the use of limiting parameters. That means the scanner had both an excess and shortage of information required for a correct assembly of scans. Those scopes were taken into consideration in the study in order to use the acquired knowledge in practical measuring applications. Furthermore, conclusions from the conducted studies indicate peaks and troughs of respective measuring strategies with special care for determining relationships among the used strategies and the measuring accuracy parameters.","PeriodicalId":379471,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Mechanical Technology and Materials","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123099751","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract The effects of turning 316L steel in a laser assisted machining are presented in this paper. The properties of 316L stainless steel are also shown in this article. In order to show correlation between the technological parameters, microgeometry of cutting tools and geometrical structure of surface, turning of material in grade 316L supported by laser has been executed. In addition, optical examination of cutting inserts has been performed and geometrical measurements of machined surfaces have been taken. The results of researches on the effects of the technological parameters and cutting tool’s microgeometry on the geometrical structure of the 316L steel surface after turning in LAM conditions are described.
{"title":"Geometrical structure of surface after turning of 316L stainless steel in laser assisted conditions","authors":"M. Szymański, M. Kukliński","doi":"10.2478/amtm-2019-0012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/amtm-2019-0012","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The effects of turning 316L steel in a laser assisted machining are presented in this paper. The properties of 316L stainless steel are also shown in this article. In order to show correlation between the technological parameters, microgeometry of cutting tools and geometrical structure of surface, turning of material in grade 316L supported by laser has been executed. In addition, optical examination of cutting inserts has been performed and geometrical measurements of machined surfaces have been taken. The results of researches on the effects of the technological parameters and cutting tool’s microgeometry on the geometrical structure of the 316L steel surface after turning in LAM conditions are described.","PeriodicalId":379471,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Mechanical Technology and Materials","volume":"95 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115053332","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract The shape and type of chip give general information about the cutting process. This paper presents the results of testing the shape and type of chips of Ti6Al4V titanium alloy after it finishes turning. The process was carried out under dry, wet and MQL (Minimum Quantity Lubrication) conditions at variable cutting speeds and feed rates and a constant depth of cutting. For planning the tests, the PSI (Parameter Space Investigation) method was used, which allows the experiment to be carried out while minimizing the number of experience points. It was found that the cutting speed and feed affect the type and shape of the chip, and clear differences were observed between dry and wet cooling conditions, and MQL conditions. During turning, the intensity of the cutting speed and feed influence on the chip compression ratio was changed. It was similar for dry and wet cooling conditions but smaller for MQL conditions. The purpose of this research is to analyze the chip shaping when Ti6Al4V titanium alloy finishes turning under dry, wet and MQL cooling conditions.
{"title":"On the analysis of chip shaping after finishing turning of Ti6Al4V titanium alloy under dry, wet and MQL conditions","authors":"K. Leksycki, E. Feldshtein","doi":"10.2478/amtm-2019-0007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/amtm-2019-0007","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The shape and type of chip give general information about the cutting process. This paper presents the results of testing the shape and type of chips of Ti6Al4V titanium alloy after it finishes turning. The process was carried out under dry, wet and MQL (Minimum Quantity Lubrication) conditions at variable cutting speeds and feed rates and a constant depth of cutting. For planning the tests, the PSI (Parameter Space Investigation) method was used, which allows the experiment to be carried out while minimizing the number of experience points. It was found that the cutting speed and feed affect the type and shape of the chip, and clear differences were observed between dry and wet cooling conditions, and MQL conditions. During turning, the intensity of the cutting speed and feed influence on the chip compression ratio was changed. It was similar for dry and wet cooling conditions but smaller for MQL conditions. The purpose of this research is to analyze the chip shaping when Ti6Al4V titanium alloy finishes turning under dry, wet and MQL cooling conditions.","PeriodicalId":379471,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Mechanical Technology and Materials","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115747246","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract This paper presents an analysis of the vibrations and displacements of the tool during the turning of hardened steel for various turning parameters. Studies have shown that an increase in feed from 0.1 to 0.35 mm / rev results in an almost twofold increase in radial displacement of the tool. It has also been shown that the combination of high feeds and high rotational speed of the workpiece causes a rapid increase in vibration in all directions.
本文分析了淬硬钢在不同车削参数下车削过程中刀具的振动和位移。研究表明，将进给量从0.1 mm / rev增加到0.35 mm / rev，可以使刀具的径向位移增加近两倍。研究还表明，高进给量和工件的高转速相结合会导致各方向振动的迅速增加。
{"title":"Vibration and displacement analysis during turning of hardened steel","authors":"Agata Felusiak","doi":"10.2478/amtm-2019-0010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/amtm-2019-0010","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This paper presents an analysis of the vibrations and displacements of the tool during the turning of hardened steel for various turning parameters. Studies have shown that an increase in feed from 0.1 to 0.35 mm / rev results in an almost twofold increase in radial displacement of the tool. It has also been shown that the combination of high feeds and high rotational speed of the workpiece causes a rapid increase in vibration in all directions.","PeriodicalId":379471,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Mechanical Technology and Materials","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123073418","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Robert Koteras, M. Wieczorowski, P. Znaniecki, N. Swojak
Abstract The purpose of the article is to show the practical side of reverse engineering.Many times during the process of optimizing parts, before we intervene in the tool that produces them, we want to makesure that the optimization will work in practice.For this purpose, currently, we often use 3D printers. Unfortunately, they introduce distortions of geometry to the printed prototyperesultingfrom the technology of its production.
{"title":"The reliability of reproducing automotive components made by FDM printing in reverse engineering","authors":"Robert Koteras, M. Wieczorowski, P. Znaniecki, N. Swojak","doi":"10.2478/amtm-2018-0011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/amtm-2018-0011","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The purpose of the article is to show the practical side of reverse engineering.Many times during the process of optimizing parts, before we intervene in the tool that produces them, we want to makesure that the optimization will work in practice.For this purpose, currently, we often use 3D printers. Unfortunately, they introduce distortions of geometry to the printed prototyperesultingfrom the technology of its production.","PeriodicalId":379471,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Mechanical Technology and Materials","volume":"48 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115747501","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract The paper presents the possibilities of additive manufacturing of the selected alloy, Inconel, for production of ready-made elements. The results of surface topography examination of the material manufactured with the use of the device 557 RPMI working in the LDT technology (LDT = Laser Deposition Technology) have been compared to those of thecold drawn material. The surfacejust after manufacturing inthese two technologies has been compared to the one after machining by means of variable machining parameters. The surface roughness parameter, Sskis positive for all the surfaces of thesamplemade by the traditional technology, regardless of the feed. This means that most of the material is located close to the valleys. The surfaces are characterised by right-hand side asymmetry. In all the surfaces of the sample made by the additive technology, regardless of the feed value, the surface roughness parameter, Ssk, is negative, which means that most of the material is located close to the peaks.
{"title":"Comparison of selected surface topography parameters after the turning of Inconel 625 obtained by the additive techniques to the parameters of the material made by the traditional techniques","authors":"Grobelny Pawel, Legutko Stanisław, L. Furmanski","doi":"10.2478/amtm-2018-0013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/amtm-2018-0013","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The paper presents the possibilities of additive manufacturing of the selected alloy, Inconel, for production of ready-made elements. The results of surface topography examination of the material manufactured with the use of the device 557 RPMI working in the LDT technology (LDT = Laser Deposition Technology) have been compared to those of thecold drawn material. The surfacejust after manufacturing inthese two technologies has been compared to the one after machining by means of variable machining parameters. The surface roughness parameter, Sskis positive for all the surfaces of thesamplemade by the traditional technology, regardless of the feed. This means that most of the material is located close to the valleys. The surfaces are characterised by right-hand side asymmetry. In all the surfaces of the sample made by the additive technology, regardless of the feed value, the surface roughness parameter, Ssk, is negative, which means that most of the material is located close to the peaks.","PeriodicalId":379471,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Mechanical Technology and Materials","volume":"79 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127169862","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Apart from the strength requirements, modern lighting pole designs have to meet a number of safety requirements in the event of collisions. The paper compares the experimental tests performed at the collision test track according to EN 12767 with the results of the numerical analysis carried out in Ansys LS-DYNA. The objective of the work is to prepare a new structure of a thin-walled lighting pole of steel which minimizes absorption of the kinetic energy of the vehicle and, simultaneously, its production costs are comparable to those of a standard pole. The tests were carried out at an impact speed of 100 km/h.
{"title":"Numerical and experimental analyses of non-energy absorbing lighting poles","authors":"T. Jedliński, J. Buśkiewicz, P. Fritzkowski","doi":"10.2478/amtm-2018-0012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/amtm-2018-0012","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Apart from the strength requirements, modern lighting pole designs have to meet a number of safety requirements in the event of collisions. The paper compares the experimental tests performed at the collision test track according to EN 12767 with the results of the numerical analysis carried out in Ansys LS-DYNA. The objective of the work is to prepare a new structure of a thin-walled lighting pole of steel which minimizes absorption of the kinetic energy of the vehicle and, simultaneously, its production costs are comparable to those of a standard pole. The tests were carried out at an impact speed of 100 km/h.","PeriodicalId":379471,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Mechanical Technology and Materials","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124772094","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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