Pub Date : 2024-10-29DOI: 10.1038/s41563-024-02033-5
Kristian Franze
Spring-like force sensors bioprinted in the developing neural tube of growing chick embryos enable the measurement of forces generated by embryonic tissues with micrometre-level resolution.
在发育中的小鸡胚胎神经管中生物打印的弹簧状力传感器能够以微米级的分辨率测量胚胎组织产生的力。
{"title":"Sensing the force in living embryos","authors":"Kristian Franze","doi":"10.1038/s41563-024-02033-5","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41563-024-02033-5","url":null,"abstract":"Spring-like force sensors bioprinted in the developing neural tube of growing chick embryos enable the measurement of forces generated by embryonic tissues with micrometre-level resolution.","PeriodicalId":37,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science & Technology Letters Environ.","volume":"23 11","pages":"1471-1472"},"PeriodicalIF":37.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142536935","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-29DOI: 10.1038/s41563-024-02029-1
Yu Han, Wenyuan Huang, Meng He, Bing An, Yinlin Chen, Xue Han, Lan An, Meredydd Kippax-Jones, Jiangnan Li, Yuhang Yang, Mark D. Frogley, Cheng Li, Danielle Crawshaw, Pascal Manuel, Svemir Rudić, Yongqiang Cheng, Ian Silverwood, Luke L. Daemen, Anibal J. Ramirez-Cuesta, Sarah J. Day, Stephen P. Thompson, Ben F. Spencer, Marek Nikiel, Daniel Lee, Martin Schröder, Sihai Yang
Capture of trace benzene is an important and challenging task. Metal–organic framework materials are promising sorbents for a variety of gases, but their limited capacity towards benzene at low concentration remains unresolved. Here we report the adsorption of trace benzene by decorating a structural defect in MIL-125-defect with single-atom metal centres to afford MIL-125-X (X = Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn; MIL-125, Ti8O8(OH)4(BDC)6 where H2BDC is 1,4-benzenedicarboxylic acid). At 298 K, MIL-125-Zn exhibits a benzene uptake of 7.63 mmol g−1 at 1.2 mbar and 5.33 mmol g−1 at 0.12 mbar, and breakthrough experiments confirm the removal of trace benzene (from 5 to <0.5 ppm) from air (up to 111,000 min g−1 of metal–organic framework), even after exposure to moisture. The binding of benzene to the defect and open Zn(II) sites at low pressure has been visualized by diffraction, scattering and spectroscopy. This work highlights the importance of fine-tuning pore chemistry for designing adsorbents for the removal of air pollutants. Benzene is a genotoxic carcinogen with no safe level of exposure. Here, by creating and decorating a structural defect in a metal–organic framework to form MIL-125-Zn, a benzene uptake of 7.63 mmol g–1 at 1.2 mbar is observed due to binding to Zn(II) sites.
{"title":"Trace benzene capture by decoration of structural defects in metal–organic framework materials","authors":"Yu Han, Wenyuan Huang, Meng He, Bing An, Yinlin Chen, Xue Han, Lan An, Meredydd Kippax-Jones, Jiangnan Li, Yuhang Yang, Mark D. Frogley, Cheng Li, Danielle Crawshaw, Pascal Manuel, Svemir Rudić, Yongqiang Cheng, Ian Silverwood, Luke L. Daemen, Anibal J. Ramirez-Cuesta, Sarah J. Day, Stephen P. Thompson, Ben F. Spencer, Marek Nikiel, Daniel Lee, Martin Schröder, Sihai Yang","doi":"10.1038/s41563-024-02029-1","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41563-024-02029-1","url":null,"abstract":"Capture of trace benzene is an important and challenging task. Metal–organic framework materials are promising sorbents for a variety of gases, but their limited capacity towards benzene at low concentration remains unresolved. Here we report the adsorption of trace benzene by decorating a structural defect in MIL-125-defect with single-atom metal centres to afford MIL-125-X (X = Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn; MIL-125, Ti8O8(OH)4(BDC)6 where H2BDC is 1,4-benzenedicarboxylic acid). At 298 K, MIL-125-Zn exhibits a benzene uptake of 7.63 mmol g−1 at 1.2 mbar and 5.33 mmol g−1 at 0.12 mbar, and breakthrough experiments confirm the removal of trace benzene (from 5 to <0.5 ppm) from air (up to 111,000 min g−1 of metal–organic framework), even after exposure to moisture. The binding of benzene to the defect and open Zn(II) sites at low pressure has been visualized by diffraction, scattering and spectroscopy. This work highlights the importance of fine-tuning pore chemistry for designing adsorbents for the removal of air pollutants. Benzene is a genotoxic carcinogen with no safe level of exposure. Here, by creating and decorating a structural defect in a metal–organic framework to form MIL-125-Zn, a benzene uptake of 7.63 mmol g–1 at 1.2 mbar is observed due to binding to Zn(II) sites.","PeriodicalId":37,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science & Technology Letters Environ.","volume":"23 11","pages":"1531-1538"},"PeriodicalIF":37.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41563-024-02029-1.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142536936","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-29DOI: 10.1038/s41563-024-02013-9
Hayoung Ko, Seungjin Lee, Ki Kang Kim
An ultraflat, single-crystal hexagonal boron nitride film enables the production of wafer-scale, ultrathin high-κ dielectrics for two-dimensional electronics, meeting the 2025 targets set by the International Roadmap for Devices and Systems.
{"title":"Ultraflat hexagonal boron nitride for high-κ dielectric integration","authors":"Hayoung Ko, Seungjin Lee, Ki Kang Kim","doi":"10.1038/s41563-024-02013-9","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41563-024-02013-9","url":null,"abstract":"An ultraflat, single-crystal hexagonal boron nitride film enables the production of wafer-scale, ultrathin high-κ dielectrics for two-dimensional electronics, meeting the 2025 targets set by the International Roadmap for Devices and Systems.","PeriodicalId":37,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science & Technology Letters Environ.","volume":"23 11","pages":"1461-1462"},"PeriodicalIF":37.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142536933","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-29eCollection Date: 2024-11-12DOI: 10.1021/acs.estlett.4c00355
Helene Wiesinger, Anna Shalin, Xinmei Huang, Armin Siegrist, Nils Plinke, Stefanie Hellweg, Zhanyun Wang
Plastics contain various chemical substances, which can impact human and ecosystem health and the transition to a circular economy. Meanwhile, information on the presence of individual substances in plastics is generally not made publicly available, but relies on extensive analytical efforts. Here, we review measurement studies of chemicals in plastics and compile them into a new LitChemPlast database. Over 3500 substances, stemming from all plastic life-cycle stages, have been detected in different plastics in 372 studies. Approximately 75% of them have only been detected in nontargeted workflows, while targeted analyses have focused on limited well-known substances, particularly metal(loid)s, brominated flame retardants, and ortho-phthalates. Some product categories have rarely been studied despite economic importance, e.g., consumer and industrial packaging (other than food packaging), building and construction, and automotive plastics. Likewise, limited studies have investigated recycled plastics, while existing measurements of recycled plastics show higher detection frequencies and median concentrations of regulated brominated flame retardants across many product categories. The LitChemPlast database may be further developed or utilized, e.g., for exposure assessment or substance flow analysis. Nonetheless, the plethora of relevant substances and products underscores the necessity for additional measures to enable the transition to a safe circular plastics economy.
{"title":"LitChemPlast: An Open Database of Chemicals Measured in Plastics.","authors":"Helene Wiesinger, Anna Shalin, Xinmei Huang, Armin Siegrist, Nils Plinke, Stefanie Hellweg, Zhanyun Wang","doi":"10.1021/acs.estlett.4c00355","DOIUrl":"10.1021/acs.estlett.4c00355","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Plastics contain various chemical substances, which can impact human and ecosystem health and the transition to a circular economy. Meanwhile, information on the presence of individual substances in plastics is generally not made publicly available, but relies on extensive analytical efforts. Here, we review measurement studies of chemicals in plastics and compile them into a new LitChemPlast database. Over 3500 substances, stemming from all plastic life-cycle stages, have been detected in different plastics in 372 studies. Approximately 75% of them have only been detected in nontargeted workflows, while targeted analyses have focused on limited well-known substances, particularly metal(loid)s, brominated flame retardants, and <i>ortho</i>-phthalates. Some product categories have rarely been studied despite economic importance, e.g., consumer and industrial packaging (other than food packaging), building and construction, and automotive plastics. Likewise, limited studies have investigated recycled plastics, while existing measurements of recycled plastics show higher detection frequencies and median concentrations of regulated brominated flame retardants across many product categories. The LitChemPlast database may be further developed or utilized, e.g., for exposure assessment or substance flow analysis. Nonetheless, the plethora of relevant substances and products underscores the necessity for additional measures to enable the transition to a safe circular plastics economy.</p>","PeriodicalId":37,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science & Technology Letters Environ.","volume":"11 11","pages":"1147-1160"},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11562724/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142646269","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-29DOI: 10.1038/s41563-024-02050-4
Studies are shedding light on the mechanical properties of cellular tissues and their implications for biological processes.
研究揭示了细胞组织的机械特性及其对生物过程的影响。
{"title":"Tissues pushing on","authors":"","doi":"10.1038/s41563-024-02050-4","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41563-024-02050-4","url":null,"abstract":"Studies are shedding light on the mechanical properties of cellular tissues and their implications for biological processes.","PeriodicalId":37,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science & Technology Letters Environ.","volume":"23 11","pages":"1457-1457"},"PeriodicalIF":37.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41563-024-02050-4.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142536932","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-29DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehae672
Jason E Bloom, Sara Vogrin, Christopher M Reid, Andrew E Ajani, David J Clark, Melanie Freeman, Chin Hiew, Angela Brennan, Diem Dinh, Jenni Williams-Spence, Luke P Dawson, Samer Noaman, Derek P Chew, Ernesto Oqueli, Nicholas Cox, David McGiffin, Silvana Marasco, Peter Skillington, Alistair Royse, Dion Stub, David M Kaye, William Chan
Background and aims: The optimal revascularization strategy in patients with ischaemic cardiomyopathy remains unclear with no contemporary randomized trial data to guide clinical practice. This study aims to assess long-term survival in patients with severe ischaemic cardiomyopathy revascularized by either coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) or percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).
Methods: Using the Australian and New Zealand Society of Cardiac and Thoracic Surgeons and Melbourne Interventional Group registries (from January 2005 to 2018), patients with severe ischaemic cardiomyopathy [left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) <35%] undergoing PCI or isolated CABG were included in the analysis. Those with ST-elevation myocardial infarction and cardiogenic shock were excluded. The primary outcome was long-term National Death Index-linked mortality up to 10 years following revascularization. Risk adjustment was performed to estimate the average treatment effect using propensity score analysis with inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW).
Results: A total of 2042 patients were included, of whom 1451 patients were treated by CABG and 591 by PCI. Inverse probability of treatment weighting-adjusted demographics, procedural indication, coronary artery disease extent, and LVEF were well balanced between the two patient groups. After risk adjustment, patients treated by CABG compared with those treated by PCI experienced reduced long-term mortality [adjusted hazard ratio 0.59, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.45-0.79, P = .001] over a median follow-up period of 4.0 (inter-quartile range 2.2-6.8) years. There was no difference between the groups in terms of in-hospital mortality [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 1.42, 95% CI 0.41-4.96, P = .58], but there was an increased risk of peri-procedural stroke (aOR 19.6, 95% CI 4.21-91.6, P < .001) and increased length of hospital stay (exponentiated coefficient 3.58, 95% CI 3.00-4.28, P < .001) in patients treated with CABG.
Conclusions: In this multi-centre IPTW analysis, patients with severe ischaemic cardiomyopathy undergoing revascularization by CABG rather than PCI showed improved long-term survival. However, future randomized controlled trials are needed to confirm the effect of any such benefits.
{"title":"Coronary artery bypass grafting vs. percutaneous coronary intervention in severe ischaemic cardiomyopathy: long-term survival.","authors":"Jason E Bloom, Sara Vogrin, Christopher M Reid, Andrew E Ajani, David J Clark, Melanie Freeman, Chin Hiew, Angela Brennan, Diem Dinh, Jenni Williams-Spence, Luke P Dawson, Samer Noaman, Derek P Chew, Ernesto Oqueli, Nicholas Cox, David McGiffin, Silvana Marasco, Peter Skillington, Alistair Royse, Dion Stub, David M Kaye, William Chan","doi":"10.1093/eurheartj/ehae672","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehae672","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aims: </strong>The optimal revascularization strategy in patients with ischaemic cardiomyopathy remains unclear with no contemporary randomized trial data to guide clinical practice. This study aims to assess long-term survival in patients with severe ischaemic cardiomyopathy revascularized by either coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) or percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Using the Australian and New Zealand Society of Cardiac and Thoracic Surgeons and Melbourne Interventional Group registries (from January 2005 to 2018), patients with severe ischaemic cardiomyopathy [left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) <35%] undergoing PCI or isolated CABG were included in the analysis. Those with ST-elevation myocardial infarction and cardiogenic shock were excluded. The primary outcome was long-term National Death Index-linked mortality up to 10 years following revascularization. Risk adjustment was performed to estimate the average treatment effect using propensity score analysis with inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 2042 patients were included, of whom 1451 patients were treated by CABG and 591 by PCI. Inverse probability of treatment weighting-adjusted demographics, procedural indication, coronary artery disease extent, and LVEF were well balanced between the two patient groups. After risk adjustment, patients treated by CABG compared with those treated by PCI experienced reduced long-term mortality [adjusted hazard ratio 0.59, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.45-0.79, P = .001] over a median follow-up period of 4.0 (inter-quartile range 2.2-6.8) years. There was no difference between the groups in terms of in-hospital mortality [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 1.42, 95% CI 0.41-4.96, P = .58], but there was an increased risk of peri-procedural stroke (aOR 19.6, 95% CI 4.21-91.6, P < .001) and increased length of hospital stay (exponentiated coefficient 3.58, 95% CI 3.00-4.28, P < .001) in patients treated with CABG.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In this multi-centre IPTW analysis, patients with severe ischaemic cardiomyopathy undergoing revascularization by CABG rather than PCI showed improved long-term survival. However, future randomized controlled trials are needed to confirm the effect of any such benefits.</p>","PeriodicalId":37,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science & Technology Letters Environ.","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":37.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142544527","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-28DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehae666.872
K Teramoto, K Nochioka, Y Sakata, K Nishimura, H Shimokawa, S Yasuda
Background Studies examining changes in cardiac features and long-term outcomes across heart failure (HF) phenotypes, particularly for normal and supranormal left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), are limited. Objectives Our objective was to assess changes in echocardiographic parameters and biomarkers over three years and investigate long-term outcomes across LVEF phenotypes in chronic HF. Methods Patients from the SUPPORT trial (mean age 66 years, 25% female, mean LVEF 54%), a prospective, randomized, open-label blinded endpoint study performed in Japan to determine the additional benefit of olmesartan on top of standard therapy in hypertensive patients with HF, were classified into four HF phenotypes based on baseline LVEF: reduced (HFrEF [LVEF ≤40%], n=200 [17.6%]), mildly reduced (HFmrEF [41% ≤ LVEF <50%], n=229 [20.1%]), normal (HFnEF [51% ≤ LVEF <65%], n=403 [35.4%]), and supranormal (HFsnEF [LVEF ≥65%], n=306 [26.9%]). Changes in echocardiographic parameters and biomarkers were assessed in patients with data available at baseline and three years. The composite outcome of HF hospitalization or all-cause death was analysed from baseline and three years (landmark analysis). Results Over three years, all-cause mortality rates were 15% in HFrEF, 10.0% in HFmrEF, 5.5% in HFnEF, and 4.2% in HFsnEF. The most significant decrease in left ventricular (LV) end-diastolic and -systolic diameter occurred in HFrEF (median percent change; LVDd -5.8% and LVDs -8.8%). Left atrial diameter did not change across HF phenotypes. N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) decreased in HFrEF (-35.7%) but increased in HFnEF and HFsnEF (12.5% and 18.2%, respectively). Troponin increased in all groups except for HFrEF. Growth differentiating factor-15 (GDF15) increased consistently across all HF phenotypes (18.5% in HFrEF, 18.0% in HFmrEF, 16.0% in HFnEF, 22.8% in HFsnEF) (Figure 1). Over a median follow-up of 8.6 years, compared to HFnEF, the risk of the composite outcome was higher in HFrEF (adjusted HR 1.40, 95% CI [1.08-1.82]), but was not different in HFmrEF (1.15, [0.90-1.47]). This trend persisted in the landmark analysis. Up to three years, the risk in HFsnEF compared to HFnEF was not different (1.13, [0.70-1.82]), but it was lower after three years (0.73, [0.55-0.95]). The incident curves show a diverging time point at around three years between HFnEF and HFsnEF (Figure 2). Conclusions In patients with chronic HF and three-year follow-up data, there was minimal decrease in LV dimension, most pronounced in HFrEF. Changes in biomarkers were more diverse, except for consistently elevated GDF15 across all HF phenotypes. The risk of HF hospitalization or all-cause death diverged between HFnEF and HFsnEF after three years.Figure 1Figure 2
{"title":"Long-term clinical course of heart failure across left ventricular ejection fraction phenotypes","authors":"K Teramoto, K Nochioka, Y Sakata, K Nishimura, H Shimokawa, S Yasuda","doi":"10.1093/eurheartj/ehae666.872","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehae666.872","url":null,"abstract":"Background Studies examining changes in cardiac features and long-term outcomes across heart failure (HF) phenotypes, particularly for normal and supranormal left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), are limited. Objectives Our objective was to assess changes in echocardiographic parameters and biomarkers over three years and investigate long-term outcomes across LVEF phenotypes in chronic HF. Methods Patients from the SUPPORT trial (mean age 66 years, 25% female, mean LVEF 54%), a prospective, randomized, open-label blinded endpoint study performed in Japan to determine the additional benefit of olmesartan on top of standard therapy in hypertensive patients with HF, were classified into four HF phenotypes based on baseline LVEF: reduced (HFrEF [LVEF ≤40%], n=200 [17.6%]), mildly reduced (HFmrEF [41% ≤ LVEF &lt;50%], n=229 [20.1%]), normal (HFnEF [51% ≤ LVEF &lt;65%], n=403 [35.4%]), and supranormal (HFsnEF [LVEF ≥65%], n=306 [26.9%]). Changes in echocardiographic parameters and biomarkers were assessed in patients with data available at baseline and three years. The composite outcome of HF hospitalization or all-cause death was analysed from baseline and three years (landmark analysis). Results Over three years, all-cause mortality rates were 15% in HFrEF, 10.0% in HFmrEF, 5.5% in HFnEF, and 4.2% in HFsnEF. The most significant decrease in left ventricular (LV) end-diastolic and -systolic diameter occurred in HFrEF (median percent change; LVDd -5.8% and LVDs -8.8%). Left atrial diameter did not change across HF phenotypes. N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) decreased in HFrEF (-35.7%) but increased in HFnEF and HFsnEF (12.5% and 18.2%, respectively). Troponin increased in all groups except for HFrEF. Growth differentiating factor-15 (GDF15) increased consistently across all HF phenotypes (18.5% in HFrEF, 18.0% in HFmrEF, 16.0% in HFnEF, 22.8% in HFsnEF) (Figure 1). Over a median follow-up of 8.6 years, compared to HFnEF, the risk of the composite outcome was higher in HFrEF (adjusted HR 1.40, 95% CI [1.08-1.82]), but was not different in HFmrEF (1.15, [0.90-1.47]). This trend persisted in the landmark analysis. Up to three years, the risk in HFsnEF compared to HFnEF was not different (1.13, [0.70-1.82]), but it was lower after three years (0.73, [0.55-0.95]). The incident curves show a diverging time point at around three years between HFnEF and HFsnEF (Figure 2). Conclusions In patients with chronic HF and three-year follow-up data, there was minimal decrease in LV dimension, most pronounced in HFrEF. Changes in biomarkers were more diverse, except for consistently elevated GDF15 across all HF phenotypes. The risk of HF hospitalization or all-cause death diverged between HFnEF and HFsnEF after three years.Figure 1Figure 2","PeriodicalId":37,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science & Technology Letters Environ.","volume":"82 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":39.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142536864","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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