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The Motivations and Practices of Impact Assessment in Socially Responsible Investing: The French Case and its Implications for the Accounting and Impact Investing Communities 社会责任投资中影响评估的动机和实践:法国案例及其对会计和影响投资界的启示
Q2 Business, Management and Accounting Pub Date : 2022-02-01 DOI: 10.1080/0969160X.2022.2032239
Diane-Laure Arjaliès, Pierre Chollet, Patricia Crifo, Nicolas Mottis
ABSTRACT This research note elaborates on the impact assessment practices of the French Socially Responsible Investing (SRI) industry. The research was conducted by the Scientific Committee of the French public SRI label based on interviews, participative observation, a survey, and documentary evidence. SRI is usually distinguished from impact investing in terms of investors’ different intentions (contributing to sustainable development in a financially savvy way for SRI vs. demonstrating a societal impact for impact investing). We show that, beyond this distinction, the meanings and motivations behind impact assessment in the SRI community are broadly different from impact assessment practices in impact investing, creating a distance between the two communities. In fact, little is known about impact assessment practices in SRI, despite the market power of this asset class. We address this shortcoming by investigating 1) who is interested in impact assessment in the SRI industry, 2) why SRI investors want impact assessment, and 3) what impact assessment looks like in the SRI industry. We develop this analysis to suggest areas of concern and opportunities for the SRI, impact investing, and accounting communities. SRI investors’ recent appropriation of impact assessment indicates that the three communities’ interests and success will increasingly be linked to one another. The topic therefore warrants investigation.
本研究报告详细阐述了法国社会责任投资(SRI)行业的影响评估实践。该研究由法国公共SRI标签科学委员会基于访谈、参与性观察、调查和文献证据进行。就投资者的不同意图而言,SRI通常与影响力投资不同(SRI以财务精明的方式为可持续发展做出贡献,而影响力投资则展示社会影响)。我们发现,除了这种区别之外,SRI社区影响评估背后的含义和动机与影响投资中的影响评估实践有很大不同,从而在两个社区之间造成了距离。事实上,人们对SRI中的影响评估实践知之甚少,尽管这一资产类别具有市场力量。我们通过调查1)谁对SRI行业的影响评估感兴趣,2)为什么SRI投资者需要影响评估,以及3)SRI行业的影响评估是什么来解决这个缺点。我们发展这一分析,以建议社会责任投资、影响力投资和会计社区关注的领域和机会。SRI投资者最近对影响评估的挪用表明,这三个社区的利益和成功将越来越多地相互联系在一起。因此,这个话题值得调查。
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引用次数: 3
Sustainability Reporting: A Nuanced View of Challenges 可持续发展报告:挑战的微妙观点
Q2 Business, Management and Accounting Pub Date : 2022-01-27 DOI: 10.1080/0969160X.2022.2028736
Xinwu He
Sustainability reporting has become a universal practice and continues to grow worldwide. According to KPMG (2020), 80% of the N100 and 96% of the G250 2 now report on sustainability. However, research in this field shows that the growth of sustainability reporting still encounters various challenges. This article reviews four recent publications which reveal challenges in sustainability reporting from the perspective of sustainability reporting managers (SRMs). The following piece discusses the key findings and research implications. Based on 35 semi-structured interviews with SRMs in Australia and New Zealand, Farooq and De Villiers (2019) explore how sustainability reporting is institutionalised within organisations. They summarise four phases where SRMs approach sustainability reporting differently: (1) ‘getting the sustainability reporting process started’ by ‘educating inexperienced managers’, (2) ‘decentralising the sustainability reporting process’ by ‘encouraging greater participation and commitment in sustainability reporting’, (3) ‘transitioning to focussed materiality driven sustainability reports’ by ‘establishing a formal and sophisticated materiality assessment process’, and (4) ‘promoting the internal use
可持续性报告已成为一种普遍做法,并在全球范围内不断发展。根据毕马威会计师事务所(2020)的数据,现在80%的N100和96%的G250 2报告了可持续性。然而,该领域的研究表明,可持续性报告的增长仍然面临各种挑战。本文回顾了最近的四份出版物,这些出版物从可持续性报告管理者的角度揭示了可持续性报告中的挑战。以下文章讨论了主要发现和研究意义。Farooq和De Villiers(2019)基于对澳大利亚和新西兰SRM的35次半结构化采访,探讨了可持续性报告如何在组织内制度化。他们总结了SRM以不同方式处理可持续性报告的四个阶段:(1)通过“教育缺乏经验的管理者”“启动可持续性报告流程”,(2)通过“鼓励更多人参与和承诺可持续性报告”“分散可持续性报告过程”,(3)通过“建立正式和复杂的重要性评估流程”,“过渡到重点关注的重要性驱动的可持续性报告”,以及(4)“促进内部使用
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引用次数: 1
Framing sustainable development challenges: accounting for SDG-15 in the UK 构建可持续发展挑战:英国可持续发展目标15的核算
Q2 Business, Management and Accounting Pub Date : 2022-01-24 DOI: 10.1080/0969160X.2022.2028734
Justyna Bekier
© 2022 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/), which permits non-commercial re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, and is not altered, transformed, or built upon in any way. https://doi.org/10.1080/0969160X.2022.2028738
©2022作者。这是一篇在知识共享署名-非商业-非衍生品许可(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)条款下发布的开放获取文章,该许可允许在任何媒介上进行非商业再利用、分发和复制,前提是原始作品被正确引用,并且没有被修改、转换或以任何方式建立。https://doi.org/10.1080/0969160X.2022.2028738
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引用次数: 0
A Typology of Sustainability Assurance Providers Requiring Further Research 需要进一步研究的可持续性保障提供者的类型学
Q2 Business, Management and Accounting Pub Date : 2022-01-21 DOI: 10.1080/0969160X.2022.2028738
Xinwu He
Accountabilities: A Study of Nonprofit Evaluation Capacities.” Nonprofit Management and Leadership 31 (3): 547–569. doi:10.1002/nml.21437. Cazenave, B., and J. Morales. 2021. “NGO Responses to Financial Evaluation: Auditability, Purification and Performance.” Accounting, Auditing & Accountability Journal. doi:10.1108/AAAJ-01-2020-4397. Chen, J., M. C. Dyball, and G. Harrison. 2019. “Stakeholder Salience and Accountability Mechanisms in Not-forProfit Service Delivery Organizations.” Financial Accountability & Management 36 (1): 50–72. doi:10.1111/ faam.12217. Ebrahim, A. 2003. “Accountability in Practice: Mechanisms for NGOs.”World Development 31 (5): 813–829. doi:10. 1016/S0305-750X(03)00014-7.
责任:非营利组织评估能力研究。”非营利组织管理与领导力31(3):547–569。doi:10.1002/nml.21437.Cazenave,B.和J.Morales。2021年,“非政府组织对财务评估的回应:可审计性、净化和绩效”,《会计、审计与问责杂志》。doi:10.108/AAAJ-01-2020-4397.陈,J.,M.C.Dyball和G.Harrison。2019.“非营利服务提供组织中的利益相关者突出性和问责机制”,《财务问责与管理》36(1):50-72。doi:10.1111/faam.12217。易卜拉欣,A.2003。“实践中的问责制:非政府组织的机制”,《世界发展》31(5):813–829。doi:10.1016/S0305-750X(03)00014-7。
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引用次数: 4
Mandatory Versus Voluntary GHG Emissions Disclosures and Credit Risk 强制性与自愿性温室气体排放披露和信用风险
Q2 Business, Management and Accounting Pub Date : 2021-12-24 DOI: 10.1080/0969160X.2021.2018001
Anis Maaloul, Matt Wegener
ABSTRACT The aim of this study is to examine the effect of GHG emission performance, as disclosed through voluntary versus mandatory channels, on credit risk (credit ratings and cost of debt). Two different channels are examined: voluntary disclosures made through the CDP and mandatory disclosures made through the EPA. Using a sample of US S&P 500 firms that have voluntarily/mandatorily disclosed their GHG emissions from 2010 to 2016, our results show that GHG emissions disclosures made through both channels have a negative effect on S&P credit ratings. These results imply that credit rating agencies incorporate GHG emissions in their credit assessment of a firm. However, our results show that only the GHG emissions mandatorily disclosed have a significant effect on cost of debt. These results imply that US lenders take into account, in their own lending decisions, only mandatory GHG emissions disclosures made through the EPA and not the voluntary ones made through the CDP. Additional analyses shows that these results are driven by firms in carbon intensive sectors and by firms with speculative grade ratings/high cost of debt. Overall, we conclude that credit market participants (credit rating agencies and creditors), as major stakeholders, make firms accountable for their carbon profile.
本研究的目的是考察通过自愿和强制性渠道披露的温室气体排放绩效对信用风险(信用评级和债务成本)的影响。审查了两种不同的渠道:通过CDP进行自愿披露和通过EPA进行强制性披露。以2010年至2016年自愿/强制披露温室气体排放的美国标准普尔500指数公司为样本,我们的研究结果表明,通过这两种渠道披露的温室气体排放对标准普尔信用评级产生了负面影响。这些结果表明信用评级机构将温室气体排放纳入其对企业的信用评估。然而,我们的研究结果表明,只有强制披露的温室气体排放对债务成本有显著影响。这些结果表明,美国贷款机构在自己的贷款决策中,只考虑了美国环保署(EPA)强制披露的温室气体排放信息,而没有考虑到中国政府(CDP)自愿披露的温室气体排放信息。其他分析表明,这些结果是由碳密集型行业的公司和具有投机等级评级/高债务成本的公司推动的。总体而言,我们得出结论,信贷市场参与者(信用评级机构和债权人)作为主要利益相关者,使企业对其碳概况负责。
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引用次数: 3
Climate Reporting Related to the TCFD Framework: An Exploration of the Air Transport Sector 与TCFD框架相关的气候报告:航空运输业的探索
Q2 Business, Management and Accounting Pub Date : 2021-12-16 DOI: 10.1080/0969160X.2021.2007784
Bastien David, Sophie Giordano-Spring
ABSTRACT In recent years, international institutions have fostered initiatives to consider climate-related issues, and a Task Force on Climate-related Financial Disclosures (TCFD) was created as an extension of the Carbon Disclosure Project and Global Reporting Initiative standards. This study examines how the air transport sector complies with the TCFD framework, which is considered to be a vehicle that translates scientific knowledge from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) about climate change. Relying on environmental criteria, our sample represents more than 65% of the total emissions of the sector. The disclosures on climate-related issues of twenty-four airlines are analysed within the period 2015–2018. Although climate reporting increased from 2015 to 2018 (before and after the issuance of the framework), our study documents that its compliance with TCFD recommendations is poor, specifically concerning the core element of strategy. Our contribution is twofold. First, we note that the climate change mitigation and adaptation policies disclosed in the reports could help close the information gap as desired by the company's stakeholders, but they are currently insufficient. Second, the normative pressures exerted by the TCFD align with the coercive pressures identified in some regions of the world and are promoting the construction of climate reporting.
摘要近年来,国际机构推动了考虑气候相关问题的举措,并成立了气候相关财务披露工作组(TCFD),作为碳披露项目和全球报告倡议标准的延伸。这项研究考察了航空运输部门如何遵守TCFD框架,该框架被认为是转化政府间气候变化专门委员会(IPCC)关于气候变化的科学知识的工具。根据环境标准,我们的样本占该行业总排放量的65%以上。在2015-2018年期间,对24家航空公司的气候相关问题披露进行了分析。尽管气候报告在2015年至2018年(框架发布前后)有所增加,但我们的研究表明,气候报告对TCFD建议的遵守情况较差,特别是在战略核心要素方面。我们的贡献是双重的。首先,我们注意到,报告中披露的气候变化缓解和适应政策可能有助于缩小公司利益相关者所期望的信息差距,但目前还不够。第二,TCFD施加的规范压力与世界一些地区确定的强制性压力一致,正在推动气候报告的构建。
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引用次数: 7
Accounting for Carbon Emission Allowances: An Empirical Analysis in the EU ETS Phase 3 碳排放限额核算:欧盟排放交易计划第三阶段的实证分析
Q2 Business, Management and Accounting Pub Date : 2021-12-16 DOI: 10.1080/0969160X.2021.2012496
Nicolas Garcia-Torea, Sophie Giordano-Spring, Carlos Larrinaga, Géraldine Rivière-Giordano
ABSTRACT This investigation studies the accounting treatment of the carbon emission allowances of EU Emissions Trading System participants to explore whether the auctioning allocation system implemented in 2013 led to changes in accounting practices. This investigation adds to Allini, Giner, and Caldarelli (2018. “Opening the Black Box of Accounting for Greenhouse Gas Emissions: The Different Views of Institutional Bodies and Firms.” Journal of Cleaner Production 172: 2195–2205.) by performing a comparative study of how emission allowances are recorded in the 2011 and 2016 financial statements of a large sample of the highest emitters in the system that operate in eight different industries. We also update the analysis of the role of local standards in shaping carbon accounting practices in a context characterised by the lack of IFRS prescription. We found that auctioning did not modify accounting practices as they continue to be ‘messy’ and often absent. The high level of non-disclosure and the prevailing use of the ‘net method’ conceal the burden of allowances from users of financial statements. Additionally, we report that firms’ carbon accounting practices are more aligned with their local standard when it allows a limited representation of the financial impact of allowances. Therefore, current accounting practices are far from enabling an adequate assessment of the financial impact and risks resulting from carbon markets.
摘要本调查研究了欧盟排放交易体系参与者碳排放配额的会计处理,以探讨2013年实施的拍卖分配制度是否导致了会计实践的变化。这项调查增加了Allini、Giner和Caldarelli(2018。《打开温室气体排放核算的黑匣子:机构和企业的不同观点》,《清洁生产杂志》172:2195–2205。),通过对在八个不同行业运营的系统中排放量最高的大样本的2011年和2016年财务报表中排放限额的记录进行比较研究。在缺乏《国际财务报告准则》规定的背景下,我们还更新了对地方标准在制定碳核算实践中的作用的分析。我们发现,拍卖并没有改变会计实践,因为它们仍然是“混乱的”,而且经常缺席。高度保密和普遍使用“净额法”掩盖了财务报表使用者的津贴负担。此外,我们报告称,当允许有限地反映津贴的财务影响时,企业的碳核算实践更符合当地标准。因此,目前的会计做法远远不能充分评估碳市场产生的财务影响和风险。
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引用次数: 5
Materiality of Environmental and Social Reporting: Insights from Minority Stakeholders 环境和社会报告的重要性:来自少数利益相关者的见解
Q2 Business, Management and Accounting Pub Date : 2021-11-24 DOI: 10.1080/0969160X.2021.2006074
H. Maama, K. Appiah, M. Doorasamy
ABSTRACT Previous studies have found incomplete evidence of firms’ social and environmental accounting practices because they did not shed light on how the information needs of minority stakeholders were met. This study examined whether firms provide disclosures on environmental and social issues that are considered material by minority stakeholders. Specifically, the study sampled the views of these stakeholders on the materiality of the firms’ environmental and social disclosures. The study used both the Kruskal–Wallis test and Sample t-test to compare the information needs of these stakeholders with the reporting practices of sampled firms. The content analysis approach was used to extract relevant data from the annual and sustainability reports of thirty-five (35) Ghanaian listed firms from 2017 to 2018. The study further employed questionnaires to sample the views of 300 stakeholders on the environmental and social responsibility information that need to be reported by the firms. The study demonstrated that the stakeholders were interested in the social and environmental activities of firms. The evidence showed a statistically significant difference between the social and environmental information disclosed by the firms and what the stakeholders needed. Whilst the stakeholders needed more environmental and social disclosures, the companies reported less of those. The evidence further suggested that legitimacy theory drives the disclosure of environmental and social information by firms in Ghana. The firms must incorporate the views of the minority stakeholders when determining the materiality of information to disclose. The study demonstrated the extent to which firms were aware of and cared about what is significant to their stakeholders.
先前的研究发现,企业社会和环境会计实践的证据不完整,因为它们没有阐明少数利益相关者的信息需求是如何得到满足的。本研究考察了公司是否对少数股东认为重要的环境和社会问题进行了披露。具体而言,该研究抽样了这些利益相关者对公司环境和社会披露的重要性的看法。该研究使用了Kruskal-Wallis检验和样本t检验来比较这些利益相关者的信息需求与样本公司的报告实践。本文采用内容分析法,从35家加纳上市公司2017 - 2018年的年报和可持续发展报告中提取相关数据。本研究进一步采用问卷调查的方式,对300名利益相关者对企业需要报告的环境和社会责任信息的看法进行抽样调查。研究表明,利益相关者对企业的社会和环境活动感兴趣。证据表明,企业披露的社会和环境信息与利益相关者的需求之间存在统计学上的显著差异。虽然利益相关者需要更多的环境和社会信息披露,但这些公司的报告却很少。证据进一步表明,合法性理论推动了加纳企业的环境和社会信息披露。公司在确定要披露的信息的重要性时,必须考虑少数股东的意见。该研究证明了企业意识到并关心对其利益相关者重要的事情的程度。
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引用次数: 4
Pacific Step-Up: Exploring Geopolitical Accountability for Aid in Solomon Islands 太平洋升级:探讨所罗门群岛援助的地缘政治责任
Q2 Business, Management and Accounting Pub Date : 2021-10-06 DOI: 10.1080/0969160X.2021.1978304
Bridget Poiohia, Lee Moerman, Stephanie Perkiss
ABSTRACT Pacific Island Countries (PICs) commonly rely on intergovernmental Official Development Aid (ODA) to assist with social and environmental challenges. Therefore, how national governments are accountable for these commitments is an important issue for donors and recipients. This study investigates the donor side of this relationship by exploring Australia’s ODA relationship with Solomon Islands through its recent Pacific Step-up programme. Given the geographic closeness and history between Australia and Solomon Islands, we adopt critical geopolitics as a framework to inform the analysis. We find that the two common metaphors, family and step-up, are evidence of Australia’s accountability relationship with Solomon Islands; while the concept of tug-of-war explains the background and rising geopolitical anxiety between two regional powers, Australia and China. This study extends our understanding of aid accountability within a novel intergovernmental environment and offers an alternative explanation rooted in a politics of power.
太平洋岛国(PICs)通常依靠政府间官方发展援助(ODA)来应对社会和环境挑战。因此,各国政府如何对这些承诺负责是捐助国和受援国的一个重要问题。本研究通过最近的太平洋加强方案探讨澳大利亚与所罗门群岛的官方发展援助关系,调查了这一关系的捐助方面。考虑到澳大利亚和所罗门群岛之间的地理位置和历史,我们采用关键的地缘政治作为框架来为分析提供信息。我们发现两个常见的比喻,家庭和提升,是澳大利亚与所罗门群岛的问责关系的证据;而拔河的概念解释了澳大利亚和中国这两个地区大国之间的背景和日益加剧的地缘政治焦虑。这项研究扩展了我们在一个新的政府间环境中对援助问责制的理解,并提供了植根于权力政治的另一种解释。
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引用次数: 1
On Jeffrey Unerman and the Future of NGO Accountability Jeffrey Unerman与非政府组织问责的未来
Q2 Business, Management and Accounting Pub Date : 2021-09-02 DOI: 10.1080/0969160X.2021.2003215
R. Boomsma
ABSTRACT This paper highlights the immense contribution of Professor Jeffrey Unerman to the field of sustainability accounting. It reflects on how he, together with his co-authors, initiated and advanced a research stream on non-governmental organisation (NGO) accounting and accountability. The paper reviews some of Jeffrey’s most influential work and explores three aspects that are of particular relevance to current debates on NGO accountability: accounting for the unintended and unforeseen consequences of NGO activities; impediments and resistance to broader NGO accountability; and striving for enhanced downward accountability. Further, the paper highlights how Jeffrey’s research has inspired other accounting scholars to investigate issues of NGO accountability and offers several directions for future research in this area.
摘要本文着重介绍Jeffrey Unerman教授对可持续发展会计领域的巨大贡献。它反映了他是如何与合著者一起发起和推进非政府组织会计和问责制的研究流的。本文回顾了Jeffrey的一些最具影响力的工作,并探讨了与当前关于非政府组织问责制的辩论特别相关的三个方面:解释非政府组织活动的意外和不可预见的后果;阻碍和抵制更广泛的非政府组织问责制;以及努力加强向下的问责制。此外,本文强调了Jeffrey的研究如何激励其他会计学者研究非政府组织问责制问题,并为该领域的未来研究提供了几个方向。
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引用次数: 3
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