Food Webs最新文献

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IF 1.5 4区环境科学与生态学 Q2 BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION

Food Webs

Pub Date : 2025-01-01

引用次数: 0

IF 1.5 4区环境科学与生态学 Q2 BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION

Food Webs

Pub Date : 2025-01-01

引用次数: 0

IF 1.5 4区环境科学与生态学 Q2 BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION

Food Webs

Pub Date : 2025-01-01

引用次数: 0

IF 1.5 4区环境科学与生态学 Q2 BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION

Food Webs

Pub Date : 2025-01-01

引用次数: 0

IF 1.5 4区环境科学与生态学 Q2 BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION

Food Webs

Pub Date : 2025-01-01

引用次数: 0

Avoiding the enemy while searching for dinner: Understanding the temporal niche of the threatened clouded tiger-cat in protected cloud forests of the Middle Cauca, Colombia 在寻找晚餐的同时避开敌人：了解在哥伦比亚考卡中部受保护的云雾森林中受威胁的云雾虎猫的时间定位

IF 1.8 4区环境科学与生态学 Q2 BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION

Food Webs

Pub Date : 2024-12-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.fooweb.2024.e00385

Juan Camilo Cepeda-Duque , Eduven Arango-Correa , Valentina López-Velasco , Alex López-Barrera , Andrés Link , Diego J. Lizcano , Luis Mazariegos , Uriel Rendon-Jaramillo , Tadeu G. de Oliveira

Small carnivore activity is usually constrained by multiple factors, including moonlight, rainfall seasonality, intraguild relationships, and availability of prey. This study aimed to analyze the effects of such factors on the activity of clouded tiger-cats (Leopardus pardinoides). Data (time-stamp detections) were collected via 58 camera traps in three protected cloud forests of the Middle Cauca, Colombia. Differences in activity among seasons and species were tested using Watson-two-tests. The temporal overlap between clouded tiger-cats and their intraguild predators/competitors and prey was estimated using kernel density functions. All species were seasonally invariant in their activities. Clouded tiger-cats were mainly nocturnal and lunarphobic. There was high temporal overlap (80 %) between the daily activity of clouded tiger-cats and small mammals, which increased during the nocturnal activity (92 %). Contrastingly, low temporal overlap was found between clouded tiger-cats and tayras (19 %), weasels (19 %), and dogs (20 %). Ocelots were cathemeral and showed a moderate temporal overlap (65 %) with the daily activity of clouded tiger-cats. However, temporal overlap between the nocturnal activity of both felids was found to be higher (81 %). Nocturnal behavior in clouded tiger-cats can favor prey encounters during darker nights while avoiding diurnal predators/competitors. The evidence of diurnal activity in domestic dogs could be indicative of a free-roaming population that rely on human subsides in the surroundings of protected areas, suggesting the need for management actions. Competitive pressures exerted by ocelots on clouded tiger-cats may be alleviated through the differential use of space, or by the apparent rarity of the former in highland cloud forests.

小型食肉动物的活动通常受到多种因素的限制，包括月光、降雨季节性、野生动物关系和猎物的可用性。本研究旨在分析这些因素对云虎（Leopardus pardinoides）活动的影响。数据（时间戳检测）通过58个相机陷阱在哥伦比亚中部考卡的三个受保护的云雾森林中收集。采用watson -two-test测试不同季节和物种间的活动差异。利用核密度函数估计了云虎及其捕食者/竞争者和猎物之间的时间重叠。所有物种的活动都具有季节不变性。云虎猫主要是夜行动物，有恐月症。云虎猫和小型哺乳动物的日常活动有较高的时间重叠（80%），夜间活动增加（92%）。相比之下，云虎猫与狐猴（19%）、黄鼠狼（19%）和狗（20%）的时间重叠度较低。豹猫呈教堂状，与云虎猫的日常活动有适度的时间重叠（65%）。然而，发现两种猫科动物夜间活动的时间重叠较高（81%）。云虎猫的夜间行为倾向于在黑暗的夜晚遇到猎物，同时避开白天的捕食者/竞争者。家狗每天活动的证据可能表明，在保护区周围有一种依赖人类活动的自由漫游种群，这表明需要采取管理措施。豹猫对云雾虎猫施加的竞争压力可以通过不同的空间利用来减轻，也可以通过高原云雾林中豹猫的明显稀少来减轻。

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引用次数: 0

Beyond the Bites: Rethinking seed-dispersal networks in plant-frugivore studies 超越叮咬：重新思考植物果实研究中的种子传播网络

IF 1.8 4区环境科学与生态学 Q2 BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION

Food Webs

Pub Date : 2024-12-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.fooweb.2024.e00384

Wesley Dáttilo

In recent years, the use of ecological networks to understand the roles of species in plant-frugivore relationships and their evolutionary significance has increased significantly. However, the accuracy of these networks can vary based on construction methods, and there is limited discussion about the true functional roles of species. In this review, I critically evaluate the methodologies and approaches used in 65 studies to construct seed dispersal networks, with a focus on distinguishing between frugivory and effective seed dispersal. In general, I found that most of the studies built the interaction networks based on direct observations of animals eating seeds/fruits (n = 23 studies, 35.38%) and by sampling of scats (n = 18, 27.69%). Data from datasets and by using complementary methods (e.g., DNA-barcoding) accounted for 33.85% (n = 22 studies). Surprisingly, only two studies (3.08%) confirmed seed viability (i.e., if the viability of the dispersed seeds were experimentally confirmed or the microhabitat where the scat had been dropped). This highlights a critical issue: many studies fail to assess all stages of the seed dispersal process (i.e., seed consumption, transport, deposition, and germination). The potential misapplication of the term “seed-dispersal networks” could lead to significant misunderstandings about the true functionality and coevolutionary dynamics of these interactions. Consequently, I advocate for more rigorous methodologies and detailed discussions to improve accuracy about the true functional roles of species within these networks.

近年来，利用生态网络来了解物种在植物-食子动物关系中的作用及其进化意义已显著增加。然而，这些网络的准确性可能因构建方法而异，而且关于物种真正功能角色的讨论有限。在这篇综述中，我批判性地评价了65项研究中用于构建种子传播网络的方法和方法，重点是区分果实和有效的种子传播。总的来说，我发现大多数研究都是基于直接观察动物吃种子/水果（n = 23, 35.38%）和粪便抽样（n = 18, 27.69%）来构建交互网络的。来自数据集和互补方法（如dna条形码）的数据占33.85% （n = 22项研究）。令人惊讶的是，只有两项研究（3.08%）证实了种子的活力（即，如果实验证实了分散种子的活力或粪便被丢弃的微栖息地）。这突出了一个关键问题：许多研究未能评估种子传播过程的所有阶段（即种子消耗、运输、沉积和萌发）。对“种子传播网络”这一术语的潜在误用可能导致对这些相互作用的真正功能和共同进化动力学的重大误解。因此，我主张采用更严格的方法和详细的讨论，以提高物种在这些网络中真正功能角色的准确性。

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引用次数: 0

Exploring co-evolutionary processes in ant-plant mutualism networks: Evidence from a phylogenetic analysis 探索反植物共生网络中的共同进化过程：来自系统发育分析的证据

IF 1.8 4区环境科学与生态学 Q2 BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION

Food Webs

Pub Date : 2024-12-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.fooweb.2024.e00383

Maria Gómez-Lazaga , Mariana Cuautle , Jorge E. Valenzuela-Gónzalez , Miguel Vásquez-Bolaños , Alejandro Espinosa de los Monteros

The use of phylogenetic data in studying mutualistic interactions offers insights into the underlying patterns of interaction networks. Coevolution between interacting groups is expected to result in congruent phylogenetic patterns. Phylogenetic signal analysis, which assesses the similarity of network properties among closely related species in the phylogeny, can help uncover these patterns. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the evolutionary pattern in the ant-plant interaction network at Flor del Bosque State Park, Puebla. We used phylogenies for both ant and plant species involved in the interactions for conducting phylogenetic signal analyses. The analyses suggest that the phylogenetic signal in the ant-plant interaction network is low and not significant. However, despite having a low phylogenetic signal value, the morphological trait of head length exhibited statistical significance. Such low phylogenetic signal might be attributed to the recent establishment of the ecological interactions between plants and ants, as well as the generalist and opportunistic nature of the ant species. Furthermore, other factors such as anthropogenic transformation, ecological traits and abiotic elements are likely influencing the ant-plant interactions in Flor del Bosque.

在研究互惠相互作用中使用系统发育数据提供了对相互作用网络的潜在模式的见解。相互作用的群体之间的共同进化预计会导致一致的系统发育模式。系统发育信号分析可以评估系统发育中密切相关物种之间网络特性的相似性，有助于揭示这些模式。在这项研究中，我们旨在评估在弗洛尔德尔博斯克州立公园，普埃布拉的蚂蚁相互作用网络的进化模式。我们对参与相互作用的蚂蚁和植物物种进行系统发生分析，以进行系统发生信号分析。分析表明，该系统发育信号较低且不显著。然而，尽管头长形态特征具有较低的系统发育信号价值，但却具有统计学意义。如此低的系统发育信号可能归因于植物与蚂蚁之间的生态相互作用，以及蚂蚁物种的通才性和机会性。此外，人为转化、生态性状和非生物因素也可能影响植物间的相互作用。

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引用次数: 0

Predator-prey reversal between a venomous snake, Bitis caudalis, and an insectivorous skink, Trachylepis margaritifera 一种毒蛇，黑尾蛇，和一种食虫的石龙子之间的捕食者-猎物转换

IF 1.8 4区环境科学与生态学 Q2 BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION

Food Webs

Pub Date : 2024-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.fooweb.2024.e00382

Andrew Hart , Francois Theart , Philipp Berg

Predator–prey relationships are a central element of ecological community dynamics. The classification of a species as either predator or prey may change, especially when considering all life stages. Skinks account for about a quarter of the world's lizard species, but knowledge about the ecology of many species remains limited. Due to their species richness and abundance, they occupy a major role in trophic networks as prey and predators, feeding primarily on invertebrates. In this report we document an unusual case of predation by an adult skink Trachylepis margaritifera on a juvenile viperid snake Bitis caudalis in South Africa. Our observation raises the question of whether the prey spectrum and role of Trachylepis species in food webs may have been underestimated and which factors influence foraging behaviour and prey choice.

捕食者-猎物关系是生态群落动态的核心要素。将一个物种划分为捕食者或猎物可能会改变，尤其是考虑到生命的各个阶段。石龙子约占世界蜥蜴种类的四分之一，但对许多物种的生态学知识仍然有限。由于它们的物种丰富度和丰度，它们作为猎物和捕食者在营养网络中占有重要地位，主要以无脊椎动物为食。在这篇报告中，我们记录了一个不寻常的案例，由一个成年的蛇皮龙在南非的幼蛇尾黑蛇捕食。我们的观察提出了一个问题，即是否低估了棘足动物在食物网中的捕食范围和作用，以及哪些因素影响了觅食行为和猎物选择。

引用次数: 0

Can omnivory explain variation in size-density relationships? The case of Leptonema in a neotropical stream 杂食能解释大小-密度关系的变化吗？新热带气流中的Leptonema个案

IF 1.8 4区环境科学与生态学 Q2 BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION

Food Webs

Pub Date : 2024-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.fooweb.2024.e00381

Vinicius A. Robert , José L.S. Mello , Erika M. Shimabukuro , Victor S. Saito

Community size structure potentially depicts the constant amount of small abundant organisms sustaining larger, rarer ones. Strong size structuring is expected under a constant predator-prey mass ratio yet omnivory, as defined by organisms feeding at multiple trophic levels, can disrupt this pattern. Here, we investigated the size structure of macroinvertebrate communities in two tropical streams before and after a heavy rain event. We found that one taxon, Leptonema (a net-spinning caddisfly), was overabundant at all sites, strongly deviating from the allometric expectation given their body size. By analyzing their gut-content, we found evidence of true omnivory with inclusion of animal prey with increasing body size. As omnivory is a key factor in ecosystem stability, the presence of overabundant species could be an important element to consider when implementing conservation and restoration policies.

群落规模结构潜在地描述了恒定数量的小而丰富的生物维持着更大、更稀有的生物。在恒定的捕食者-被捕食者质量比下，强大的体型结构被期望，但杂食性，如在多个营养水平上进食的生物体所定义的，可以破坏这种模式。本文研究了暴雨前后两条热带河流中大型无脊椎动物群落的大小结构。我们发现一个分类单元Leptonema（一种网织球蝇）在所有地点都过多，严重偏离了其体型的异速生长预期。通过分析它们的肠道成分，我们发现了真正的杂食动物的证据，包括体型越来越大的猎物。由于杂食性是生态系统稳定的关键因素，在实施保护和恢复政策时，物种过多的存在可能是一个重要的考虑因素。

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