Food Webs最新文献_第4页

Spatio-temporal distribution, diet and human conflict of snow leopard (Panthera uncia) in the Khunjerab National Park, Gilgit Baltistan 吉尔吉特-巴尔蒂斯坦红其拉甫国家公园雪豹的时空分布、饮食与人类冲突

IF 1.8 4区环境科学与生态学 Q2 BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION

Food Webs

Pub Date : 2025-06-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.fooweb.2025.e00402

Saira Akber , Tariq Mahmood , Tahir Mehmood , Amjad Rashid Kayani , Muhammad Sajid Nadeem , Faraz Akrim

Apex predators play a critical role in ecosystem dynamics, exerting top-down control over prey populations and influencing biodiversity. The current study focused on the distribution, diet menu and human conflict of Snow leopard (Panthera uncia), one of the apex predators in the Khunjerab National Park (KNP), Gilgit-Baltistan. We used camera trapping as well as field survey techniques for determining the distribution of the species in the study area. The diet of snow leopard was investigated through scat analysis while human conflict was investigated through self-designed questionnaires. Results showed that snow leopards are distributed in different areas of the park at various elevations ranging between 3075 m(lowest) and 6293 m (highest). The camera traps captured a total of 20 capture “events or encounters” of snow leopard, among overall 550 photographs taken at various sites. Analysis of these capture data revealed that the activity pattern of snow leopard was bimodal, and it showed peak activity during dawn and dusk times. Scat analysis revealed that snow leopards take 72 % of their diet from wild prey, of which Himalayan Ibex makes up a large portion, and the remaining 28 % from the domestic prey, of which Yak is consumed at a high rate. Questionnaire data analysis revealed that depredation by snow leopard on livestock mostly occurs in the valley locations (88.5 %), with grazing areas accounting for 11.4 % of the total. The attacks occur mostly at night, and in the months of May and June, respectively, In the KNP, apex predators attack yaks by 82.2 %; while depredation rates for sheep, goats, and cows were 8.3 %, 6.25 %, and 3.12 %, respectively. The study concludes that depredation on livestock is the main cause of conflict between humans and the snow leopard in the study area, and it is the biggest challenge for conservationists.

顶端捕食者在生态系统动态中起着至关重要的作用，自上而下地控制着猎物数量，影响着生物多样性。本文研究了吉尔吉特-巴尔蒂斯坦红其拉甫国家公园（KNP）的顶级食肉动物雪豹（Panthera uncia）的分布、饮食菜单和人类冲突。我们采用相机捕捉和实地调查技术来确定研究区域的物种分布。通过粪便分析调查雪豹的饮食，通过自行设计问卷调查人类冲突。结果表明：雪豹分布于公园内不同区域，海拔高度在3075 ~ 6293 m之间；在不同地点拍摄的总共550张照片中，相机陷阱共捕捉到了20个雪豹的“事件或遭遇”。结果表明，雪豹的活动模式呈双峰型，活动高峰出现在黎明和黄昏。粪便分析显示，雪豹72%的食物来自野生猎物，其中喜马拉雅野山羊占很大一部分，剩下的28%来自家养猎物，其中牦牛的消耗率很高。问卷数据分析显示，雪豹对牲畜的捕食主要发生在山谷地区（88.5%），放牧地区占11.4%。攻击主要发生在夜间，5月和6月，KNP地区顶端捕食者攻击牦牛的比例为82.2%；绵羊、山羊和奶牛的捕食率分别为8.3%、6.25%和3.12%。该研究的结论是，在研究区域，人类与雪豹发生冲突的主要原因是对牲畜的掠夺，这是保护主义者面临的最大挑战。

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引用次数: 0

American shorebird-prey network patterns: Geographic variation in non-breeding habitats 美国滨鸟捕食网络模式：非繁殖栖息地的地理变异

IF 1.8 4区环境科学与生态学 Q2 BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION

Food Webs

Pub Date : 2025-04-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.fooweb.2025.e00401

Jenny A. Angarita-Báez, Henrique C. Delfino, Caio J. Carlos

Understanding trophic ecology is essential for elucidating species' life histories and the ecological interactions that sustain them. For migratory shorebirds, which are opportunistic feeders, survival across vast migratory routes depends on the availability of critical stopover sites, where local environmental conditions shape food resources. In this study, we applied a network-based approach to examine shorebird-prey interactions across the Americas, constructing an interaction matrix from a systematic literature review spanning publications from 1929 to the present. Our analysis, encompassing the diets of 36 migratory shorebird species across distinct biogeographic realms, revealed that shorebird-prey networks exhibit low nestedness, low connectance, and moderate modularity. These structural patterns suggest a balance between vulnerability to prey decline and potential resilience through reduced competition and disease transmission. Network structure varied more in tropical regions than in temperate zones. Contrary to our hypothesis, prey richness did not correlate with increased morphological specialization among shorebirds. This suggests that factors beyond morphology, such as behavioral plasticity or interspecific competition, may play a greater role in shaping foraging strategies. This research provides the first comprehensive analysis of structural patterns in antagonistic shorebird-prey networks across the Americas. While the observed modularity suggests some resilience during migration, climate change and anthropogenic pressures pose significant threats. Continued research into shorebird diets is imperative for informing conservation and management strategies at key stopover sites.

了解营养生态学对于阐明物种的生活史和维持它们的生态相互作用至关重要。对于候鸟来说，它们是机会主义的觅食者，在广阔的迁徙路线上生存取决于关键中途停留点的可用性，当地的环境条件决定了食物资源。在这项研究中，我们应用了基于网络的方法来研究美洲各地滨鸟与猎物的相互作用，通过系统的文献综述构建了一个相互作用矩阵，该矩阵涵盖了从1929年到现在的出版物。我们分析了36种迁徙滨鸟在不同生物地理领域的饮食，揭示了滨鸟-猎物网络表现出低巢性、低连通性和中等模块化。这些结构模式表明对猎物减少的脆弱性和通过减少竞争和疾病传播的潜在恢复力之间存在平衡。热带地区的网络结构比温带地区变化更大。与我们的假设相反，猎物丰富度与滨鸟形态特殊化的增加无关。这表明形态以外的因素，如行为可塑性或种间竞争，可能在形成觅食策略方面发挥更大的作用。这项研究首次全面分析了整个美洲的对抗性滨鸟捕食网络的结构模式。虽然观测到的模块化表明在迁移过程中有一定的复原力，但气候变化和人为压力构成了重大威胁。对滨鸟饮食的持续研究对于重要中途停留地的保护和管理策略至关重要。

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引用次数: 0

A global citizen science effort via iNaturalist reveals food webs of large predatory rove beetles 一项由iNaturalist发起的全球公民科学努力揭示了大型掠食性漫游者甲虫的食物网

IF 1.8 4区环境科学与生态学 Q2 BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION

Food Webs

Pub Date : 2025-04-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.fooweb.2025.e00399

Fang-Shuo Hu , Yun Hsiao , Alexey Solodovnikov

The behavior of organisms is very difficult to observe and document, especially direct interactions such as predation. As a result, there are few systematic studies of such phenomena on a large scale and the food webs of organisms that are formed by fleeting and opportunistic interactions are largely unknown. Understanding food webs is essential for addressing the Eltonian shortfall in biodiversity knowledge and revealing ecosystem dynamics. The rise of citizen science in recent years offers unique opportunities to study food webs on a global scale, which has been demonstrated for larger animals but not for small ones like insects. Here we explore the potential of iNaturalist as a cost-effective citizen science platform to obtain data about the prey choices of predatory rove beetles (family Staphylinidae) from the subtribe Staphylinina, as an alternative to traditional, labor-intense laboratory studies. We manually mined the dietary evidence of Staphylinina worldwide through over 48,000 observations on iNaturalist and 159 records of predation were found. Our findings show that citizen science data not only supports the published studies, but also provides direct and novel field-based evidence of rove beetle prey specialization with numbers of observations that exceed the amount of previously available data by an order of magnitude. We confirmed that some Staphylinina are generalist predators and discovered that some genera and species exhibit specific prey preferences, as documented by iNaturalist. This approach demonstrates that citizen science platforms offer an innovative, scalable, and cost-effective solution to filling global biodiversity knowledge gaps.

生物的行为很难观察和记录，尤其是捕食等直接互动。因此，很少有人对此类现象进行大规模的系统研究，而由转瞬即逝的机会性相互作用形成的生物食物网在很大程度上也不为人所知。了解食物网对于解决埃尔顿生物多样性知识不足和揭示生态系统动态至关重要。近年来，公民科学的兴起为在全球范围内研究食物网提供了独特的机会。在这里，我们探索了 iNaturalist 作为一个具有成本效益的公民科学平台的潜力，它可以获取有关 Staphylinina 亚科掠食性喙甲虫（Staphylinidae 科）选择猎物的数据，以替代传统的、劳动密集型的实验室研究。我们通过 iNaturalist 上的 48,000 多条观测数据，人工挖掘了全球范围内 Staphylinina 的食性证据，发现了 159 条捕食记录。我们的研究结果表明，公民科学数据不仅为已发表的研究提供了支持，而且还为锹形虫的猎物特化提供了直接和新颖的实地证据，其观察数量超过了以前可用数据的数量级。我们证实了一些锹形虫是通性捕食者，并发现一些属和种表现出特定的猎物偏好，iNaturalist 也记录了这一点。这种方法表明，公民科学平台为填补全球生物多样性知识空白提供了一种创新、可扩展和具有成本效益的解决方案。

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引用次数: 0

Insights into prey handling and feeding strategies by ghost crabs on sea turtle eggs and hatchlings 鬼蟹对海龟卵和幼崽的捕食和喂养策略的见解

IF 1.8 4区环境科学与生态学 Q2 BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION

Food Webs

Pub Date : 2025-04-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.fooweb.2025.e00400

Casper Avenant

The feeding behaviour on sea turtle eggs and hatchlings by the golden ghost crab Ocypode convexa, a species endemic to the west coast of Australia, was observed in field and laboratory settings using infrared videography. On beaches where ghost crab densities are high, multiple crabs can feed on nests over several nights, often resulting in destruction of clutches. Crabs appear to anticipate the emergence of hatchlings, often congregating near nests in the moments prior to emergence. When feeding on eggs crabs rupture eggshells using the sharp tips of their claws, with tissue subsequently moved to the mouthparts for ingestion using the minor claw while the broken shell is held with the major claw. When feeding on hatchlings crabs generally restrain hatchlings using the large claw to grip them around the neck, while the small claw cuts through the soft skin around the neck to partially or fully sever the head before feeding from the cavity. Infrared videography was successfully used to observe cryptic prey handling and feeding behaviours that may be compromised by more traditional observational methods.

本文利用红外摄像技术，在野外和实验室环境中观察了澳大利亚西海岸特有的金鬼蟹（cypode convexa）对海龟卵和幼龟的摄食行为。在鬼蟹密度很高的海滩上，多只蟹可以在几个晚上吃窝，经常导致窝被破坏。螃蟹似乎能预料到幼崽的出现，在幼崽出现之前，它们经常聚集在巢穴附近。当蟹以卵为食时，它们会用爪子的尖尖刺破蛋壳，然后用小爪子把蛋壳组织移到口器上吞下，而大爪子则抓住破碎的蛋壳。在进食幼体时，螃蟹一般用大爪抓住幼体的颈部，而小爪则通过颈部周围柔软的皮肤切开，部分或完全切断幼体的头部，然后从腔中进食。红外录像成功地用于观察隐藏的猎物处理和摄食行为，这可能被更传统的观察方法所损害。

引用次数: 0

Intraguild predation by a biocontrol predator is reduced at lower temperatures 在较低温度下，一种生物控制捕食者对动物群内的捕食会减少

IF 1.8 4区环境科学与生态学 Q2 BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION

Food Webs

Pub Date : 2025-04-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.fooweb.2025.e00397

Arina Martin , Stella F. Uiterwaal

Generalist predators play important roles in ecosystems by consuming various prey types. Despite this, predation studies often focus on a predator's most consumed prey, with limited attention given to predation on less common prey. In addition, despite increased temperature variability under climate change, it is unclear how predator foraging is affected by colder temperatures. Here, we examine the functional response of the generalist wolf spider Hogna baltimoriana on Hippodamia convergens ladybeetle larvae at an ambient and two colder temperatures. In agroecosystems, both wolf spiders and ladybeetles can act as biocontrol predators of pest species and may engage in intraguild predation, yet ladybeetles appear to be uncommon in wild wolf spiders' diets. We provide evidence of intraguild predation by H. baltimoriana on H. convergens across cold temperatures but find that the likelihood of this spider foraging on H. convergens larvae is reduced at lower temperatures and with a lower larva density. We further show that colder temperatures reduce space clearance rate, resulting in decreased foraging rates at low prey densities. Our results have important implications for biocontrol programs and our understanding of predator-prey interactions under climate change, and we highlight the need for functional responses to be evaluated on less commonly consumed prey.

多面手捕食者通过捕食各种类型的猎物在生态系统中扮演着重要的角色。尽管如此，捕食研究通常集中在捕食者消耗最多的猎物上，很少关注不太常见的猎物。此外，尽管在气候变化下温度变异性增加，但尚不清楚捕食者的觅食如何受到较冷温度的影响。在这里，我们研究了多面手狼蛛在环境温度和两个较冷的温度下对会聚瓢虫幼虫的功能反应。在农业生态系统中，狼蛛和瓢虫都可以作为害虫物种的生物控制捕食者，并可能参与野外捕食，但瓢虫在野生狼蛛的饮食中似乎并不常见。我们提供了巴尔的摩蜘蛛在低温条件下捕食聚角蛛的证据，但发现这种蜘蛛在较低温度和较低幼虫密度下捕食聚角蛛幼虫的可能性降低。我们进一步表明，较低的温度降低了空间清除率，导致低猎物密度下的觅食率降低。我们的研究结果对生物防治计划和我们对气候变化下捕食者-猎物相互作用的理解具有重要意义，并且我们强调需要对不常被消耗的猎物进行功能响应评估。

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引用次数: 0

Feeding behaviour of a large lizard drives the outcome of palm seeds dispersal, with comments on its ecosystem services 大型蜥蜴的摄食行为驱动了棕榈种子传播的结果，并对其生态系统服务进行了评论

IF 1.8 4区环境科学与生态学 Q2 BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION

Food Webs

Pub Date : 2025-03-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.fooweb.2025.e00398

Ivan Sazima , Marlies Sazima

Frugivory and seed dispersal is recorded for 470 lizard species in 27 families worldwide, including the Neotropical Teiidae with 16 genera and 35 species. Among teiids, the black and white tegu Salvator merianae stands out as the largest fruit-eating species. Herein we describe and illustrate the feeding behaviour of this lizard on fruits of the queen palm Syagrus romanzoffiana at an urban reserve in southeast Brazil in November 2013. The lizard picks up the fruits under the palm and remains there while feeding. Part of the fruits is swallowed whole after little chewing, whereas part is thoroughly chewed, the pulp swallowed and the hard seed discarded. Thus, the seeds discarded under the mother plant are not dispersed and probably have little chance to germinate, whereas those swallowed are eliminated with faeces and dispersed away from the mother plant have better chances to germinate. This dual behaviour seems a novelty among palm fruit-eating lizards and is unrecorded for Teiidae. We also report on some animal food types gathered or hunted by the tegu and comment on the ecological roles and regulating ecosystem services this large lizard delivers at the study site, including plant dispersal, carrion removal, and pest control. Additionally, the tegu digs burrows to brumate in the cold and dry season, acting as ecosystem engineer.

全世界有27科470种蜥蜴的结果和种子传播记录，其中新热带虎科有16属35种。在teiids中，黑白相间的tegu Salvator merianae是最大的食果物种。在此，我们描述并说明了2013年11月在巴西东南部的一个城市保护区，这种蜥蜴对皇后棕榈Syagrus romanzoffiana果实的摄食行为。蜥蜴捡起棕榈树下的果实，在那里进食。部分水果经过少量咀嚼后被整个吞下，而部分则被彻底咀嚼，果肉被吞下，坚硬的种子被丢弃。因此，被丢弃在母株下的种子没有被传播，可能几乎没有机会发芽，而那些被吞下的种子随着粪便被清除，并从母株中传播出去，有更好的发芽机会。这种双重行为在以棕榈果为食的蜥蜴中似乎是一种新奇的行为，并且在Teiidae中没有记录。我们还报道了一些由tegu收集或捕猎的动物食物类型，并评论了这种大型蜥蜴在研究地点提供的生态作用和调节生态系统服务，包括植物扩散，腐肉清除和害虫控制。此外，在寒冷和干燥的季节，tegu挖洞来放牧，扮演生态系统工程师的角色。

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引用次数: 0

Predation of Bibimys labiosus (Rodentia: Cricetidae) by Hoplias intermedius (Characiformes: Erythrinidae) in Cerrado with a review of Sigmodontinae predation by fishes 塞拉多省唇虱（啮齿目：蟋蟀科）对唇虱（特征：赤虱科）的捕食——鱼对唇虱科捕食研究综述

IF 1.8 4区环境科学与生态学 Q2 BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION

Food Webs

Pub Date : 2025-03-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.fooweb.2025.e00396

Maxwell Douglas Crispim Borges , Juliano Alfenas Silva Valente Paes , Felipe Tinti Rodrigues dos Santos , Patrícia Giongo , Wagner Martins Santana Sampaio , Hugo Castro de Souza Raya Sanches , Frederico Belei de Almeida

Rodents are part of the diet of a numerous species of vertebrates and some invertebrates. However, many predator-prey relationships remain unknown. This study aims to record the first predation case of a Bibimys labiosus by a Hoplias intermedius. This is an unusual event that involves a cricetid historically associated with the Atlantic Forest, with still poorly known ecology, and a predominantly piscivorous fish in Cerrado. We also review records of Sigmodontinae predation by fish and localities of B. labiosus in South America. The new record of B. labiosus in Cerrado, near a highly impacted region, shows that the rodent might be able to tolerate disturbed environments and the species can be found in adjacent Atlantic Forest areas. Also, fish predation on Sigmodontinae is considered opportunistic and has not been well documented, with only eight records in the literature, with the majority of records in the last 20 years in the southern cone of South America. This interaction between a semifossorial sigmodontine rodent and a piscivorous fish is the first in the literature and helps us better understand the Cerrado food webs and the natural history of Neotropical species.

啮齿动物是多种脊椎动物和一些无脊椎动物的食物之一。然而，许多捕食者与被捕食者之间的关系仍然未知。本研究旨在记录首例啮齿目啮齿类动物（Bibimys labiosus）被中间啮齿目啮齿类动物（Hoplias intermedius）捕食的案例。这是一个不寻常的事件，它涉及到一种历史上与大西洋森林有关联、但其生态学仍鲜为人知的ricetid，以及一种在塞拉多地区主要以食鱼为主的鱼类。我们还回顾了南美洲鱼类捕食 Sigmodontinae 的记录和 B. labiosus 的分布地点。拉比欧斯啮齿动物在塞拉多的新记录表明，这种啮齿动物可能能够忍受受干扰的环境，在邻近的大西洋森林地区也能发现该物种。此外，鱼类对 Sigmodontinae 的捕食被认为是机会性的，并没有被很好地记录下来，文献中只有 8 条记录，大多数记录是在过去 20 年中南美洲南锥体地区。这是文献中首次出现半浮游啮齿类动物与食鱼类之间的相互作用，有助于我们更好地了解塞拉多食物网和新热带物种的自然史。

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引用次数: 0

Diet of the Arabian collared kingfisher (Todiramphus chloris kalbaensis): Insights from trail cameras and regurgitation pellets 阿拉伯领翠鸟（Todiramphus chloris kalbaensis）的饮食：从跟踪相机和反流颗粒的见解

IF 1.8 4区环境科学与生态学 Q2 BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION

Food Webs

Pub Date : 2025-03-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.fooweb.2025.e00391

Fadi Yaghmour , Brendan Whittington-Jones , Halima Al Naqbi

The Arabian Collared Kingfisher (Todiramphus chloris kalbaensis) is an endemic subspecies inhabiting the Alqurm mangrove system on the eastern coast of Sharjah, UAE. Unpublished annual census data collected over most of the past decade suggest that the known population of this subspecies does not exceed 180 individuals (Whittington-Jones, personal communication, May 14, 2024). Despite this kingfisher's conspicuous behavior and ecological significance, there is a dearth of scientific literature on its ecology. Here we examine the diet of the Arabian Collared Kingfisher through analysis of trail camera images and regurgitation pellets. Brachyuran crabs were the primary prey item ingested, followed by fish, arthropods, and shrimps. Discrepancies between prey documented by trail cameras and regurgitation pellets suggest method limitations. Analysis of regurgitation pellets allows for detailed taxonomic identification but favors hard-bodied animals such as crabs, while missing soft-bodied prey due to their passage through the digestive tract. Trail cameras offer periodic visual data but limited image resolution, hampering classification. Our findings underscore the imperative of conserving the ecological integrity of the Alqurm mangrove system for the continued survival of the Arabian Collared Kingfisher.

阿拉伯领翠鸟（Todiramphus chloris kalbaensis）是居住在阿联酋沙迦东海岸Alqurm红树林系统的特有亚种。在过去十年的大部分时间里收集的未公布的年度普查数据表明，该亚种的已知种群不超过180只（Whittington-Jones, personal communication, May 14, 2024）。尽管这种翠鸟有着引人注目的行为和生态意义，但关于其生态学的科学文献却很缺乏。在这里，我们通过分析跟踪相机图像和反流颗粒来检查阿拉伯领翠鸟的饮食。短肢蟹是主要的猎物，其次是鱼、节肢动物和虾。跟踪摄像机记录的猎物与反流颗粒之间的差异表明了方法的局限性。对反流颗粒的分析可以进行详细的分类鉴定，但有利于螃蟹等硬体动物，而由于它们通过消化道而错过了软体猎物。跟踪摄像机提供周期性的视觉数据，但图像分辨率有限，阻碍了分类。我们的发现强调了保护阿尔库姆红树林系统的生态完整性对于阿拉伯领翠鸟的持续生存的必要性。

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引用次数: 0

Between mosquitoes and stoneflies: Observation of Plecoptera nymphs preying on chironomid larvae (Diptera) 蚊与石蝇：翅翅目若虫捕食手蛾幼虫（双翅目）的观察

IF 1.8 4区环境科学与生态学 Q2 BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION

Food Webs

Pub Date : 2025-03-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.fooweb.2025.e00389

T. Ramos , E.S. De Lima , K. Dias-Silva , L. Juen

Plecoptera is an order of aquatic insects, the immature stage of which inhabits preserved, fast-flowing, well oxygenated streams and is a predator that feeds on many aquatic groups. Prey preference is determined by the active choice of the predator or by the vulnerability of the prey and the balance of energy spent searching for and manipulating the prey. Analysis and observation of predator-prey events provide a greater understanding of the mechanisms governing this interaction. The stream in which predation was observed is located in the forest region of the Cajari River RESEX (Amapá, Brazil). The specimens were collected using a rapiché (D-net) in September 2023. The event observed was the predation of a Chironomidae larva by a nymph of Macrogynoplax Enderlein (Perlidae, Plecoptera), in a preserved stream. The action of these predators contributes to controlling the abundance of Chironomidae larvae. This observation proves the quality of the ecosystem and its effectiveness in maintaining sensitive individuals, such as Plecoptera, as well as tolerant ones, such as the majority of Chironomidae, to the point of allowing their usual behavioral patterns to unfold.

翼翅目是水生昆虫的一目，其幼体栖息在保存完好、水流湍急、含氧充足的溪流中，是一种捕食许多水生动物的捕食者。猎物偏好是由捕食者的主动选择或猎物的脆弱性以及寻找和操纵猎物所花费的能量平衡决定的。对捕食者-猎物事件的分析和观察可以更好地理解控制这种相互作用的机制。观察到捕食的河流位于卡哈里河RESEX （amap，巴西）的森林地区。标本于2023年9月用rapich (D-net)采集。观察到的事件是在保存的溪流中，一只手蛾科幼虫被大雌蛾（圆翅目）的若虫捕食。这些捕食者的行为有助于控制手蛾科幼虫的丰度。这一观察结果证明了生态系统的质量及其在维持敏感个体（如翼翅目）和宽容个体（如大多数Chironomidae）方面的有效性，使它们能够展现出通常的行为模式。

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引用次数: 0

Phoresy and interactions between Scotocryptus beetles and stingless bees 无刺甲虫与无刺蜜蜂之间的相互作用

IF 1.8 4区环境科学与生态学 Q2 BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION

Food Webs

Pub Date : 2025-02-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.fooweb.2025.e00390

Luíza Eduarda Basílio Silva , Cristiano Lopes-Andrade , Lucio Antonio Oliveira Campos , Rodrigo Cupertino Bernardes , Lívia Maria Negrini Ferreira , Maria Augusta Pereira Lima

Phoresy is an interaction between two organisms in which one species (the phoront) is transported by a host as a widespread means of dispersal or migration. For some arthropods, the costs and benefits of this process for hosts and phoronts remain unclear. Scotocryptus beetles are blind and flightless, relying on stingless bees for dispersal via phoresy. Here, we studied the phoretic behavior of Scotocryptus melitophilus on two stingless bee species: Melipona (Melipona) quadrifasciata anthidioides and Melipona (Michmelia) mondury. We investigated the longevity and climbing behavior of beetles in experimental arenas with bees of different species and ages (foragers and non-foragers). The sex ratio of beetles randomly sampled from bee colonies was 1:1, and beetles of both sexes climbed onto bees. Beetles survived for at least 15 days in the presence of bees in experimental arenas. The bees did not repel beetles in the arenas, even when the beetles climbed onto them. Beetles climbed onto bees more frequently in M. mondury than in M. quadrifasciata and more often on foragers than on non-foragers. Climbing behavior was concentrated on the bees' legs, particularly the corbicula. We cannot confirm whether the relationship between Scotocryptus beetles and stingless bees is mutualistic. However, the observed beetle behavior suggests that the evolution of phoresy was a crucial step in the development of symbiosis between these two arthropod groups.

幻影是两种生物之间的相互作用，其中一种生物（幻影）由宿主携带，作为广泛传播或迁移的手段。对于某些节肢动物来说，宿主和噬菌体在这一过程中的成本和收益尚不清楚。Scotocryptus 甲虫失明且不能飞行，依靠无刺蜂通过噬菌体进行传播。在这里，我们研究了Scotocryptus melitophilus在两种无刺蜂上的幻食行为：Melipona (Melipona) quadrifasciata anthidioides 和 Melipona (Michmelia) mondury。我们研究了甲虫在不同种类和年龄（觅食蜂和非觅食蜂）的蜜蜂实验场中的寿命和攀爬行为。从蜂群中随机取样的甲虫性别比例为 1:1，雌雄甲虫都会爬到蜜蜂身上。甲虫在实验场有蜜蜂的情况下至少能存活 15 天。即使甲虫爬到蜜蜂身上，蜜蜂也不会驱赶场内的甲虫。爬到蜜蜂身上的甲虫在 M. mondury 比在 M. quadrifasciata 中更频繁，在觅食者身上比在非觅食者身上更频繁。攀爬行为主要集中在蜜蜂的腿上，尤其是蜂冠上。我们还不能证实Scotocryptus甲虫与无刺黄蜂之间是否存在互利关系。然而，我们观察到的甲虫行为表明，噬菌体的进化是这两个节肢动物类群共生发展的关键一步。

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引用次数: 0