Pub Date : 2023-06-30DOI: 10.15866/irecap.v13i3.22746
Blessy Babu, V. S. Hari
Automatic Modulation Classification (AMC) assumes a pivotal role in wireless communication systems. This paper presents an innovative intelligent modulation scheme detection approach utilizing a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN). The primary objective is to accurately identify the modulation schemes in the incoming signals without the need for selective feature extraction. The methodology involves transforming raw modulated signals into a 2D format and training a specialized CNN architecture. This novel approach eliminates the manual feature extraction process, simplifying the overall procedure and reducing computational complexity. The CNN learns intricate patterns and variations within the signals, enabling precise classification. Rigorous testing and validation demonstrate the high effectiveness of the CNN, achieving a remarkable prediction accuracy of 87.39%. The simulation results unequivocally substantiate the exceptional performance of the proposed. Furthermore, the system's robustness against noise is extensively evaluated and modelled, ensuring its reliability in real-world scenarios where signals are frequently corrupted by various forms of interference. The unique training methodology, well-designed CNN architecture and comprehensive evaluation of noise performance contribute to the novelty and efficacy of the proposed system.
{"title":"Automatic Detection of Modulation Scheme Using Convolutional Neural Networks","authors":"Blessy Babu, V. S. Hari","doi":"10.15866/irecap.v13i3.22746","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15866/irecap.v13i3.22746","url":null,"abstract":"Automatic Modulation Classification (AMC) assumes a pivotal role in wireless communication systems. This paper presents an innovative intelligent modulation scheme detection approach utilizing a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN). The primary objective is to accurately identify the modulation schemes in the incoming signals without the need for selective feature extraction. The methodology involves transforming raw modulated signals into a 2D format and training a specialized CNN architecture. This novel approach eliminates the manual feature extraction process, simplifying the overall procedure and reducing computational complexity. The CNN learns intricate patterns and variations within the signals, enabling precise classification. Rigorous testing and validation demonstrate the high effectiveness of the CNN, achieving a remarkable prediction accuracy of 87.39%. The simulation results unequivocally substantiate the exceptional performance of the proposed. Furthermore, the system's robustness against noise is extensively evaluated and modelled, ensuring its reliability in real-world scenarios where signals are frequently corrupted by various forms of interference. The unique training methodology, well-designed CNN architecture and comprehensive evaluation of noise performance contribute to the novelty and efficacy of the proposed system.","PeriodicalId":38104,"journal":{"name":"International Journal on Communications Antenna and Propagation","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136365280","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-30DOI: 10.15866/irecap.v13i3.23289
Khadidja Belbachir, Redouane Tlemsani
The increasing production of geographical charts generates large volumes of data that exceed human capacities for analysis. From where is it interesting to apply the extraction techniques of knowledge, such as Data mining, to the geographical (spatial) databases to discover models or hidden rules? Much research was conducted on the discovery of knowledge in relational databases. However, some work treats the extracted knowledge in the spatial databases as particular data because they have a spatial component describing the objects or phenomena located on the ground. In this article, we present a method for extracting Association Rules (AR) from a spatial database. The proposed approach improves ARGIS in the direction of considering several reference layers instead of one. Moreover, the rules discovered connect several layers or objects; the latter have spatial and non-spatial properties. The method was tested on a spatial database including four layers: Population, Hypsography, Surface Water, and underground water in Algeria. Where the generated rules give new information that cannot be extracted by the traditional methods of spatial analysis.
{"title":"Towards an Improved Approach for Extracting Spatial Association Rules: an Empirical Study in Algeria","authors":"Khadidja Belbachir, Redouane Tlemsani","doi":"10.15866/irecap.v13i3.23289","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15866/irecap.v13i3.23289","url":null,"abstract":"The increasing production of geographical charts generates large volumes of data that exceed human capacities for analysis. From where is it interesting to apply the extraction techniques of knowledge, such as Data mining, to the geographical (spatial) databases to discover models or hidden rules? Much research was conducted on the discovery of knowledge in relational databases. However, some work treats the extracted knowledge in the spatial databases as particular data because they have a spatial component describing the objects or phenomena located on the ground. In this article, we present a method for extracting Association Rules (AR) from a spatial database. The proposed approach improves ARGIS in the direction of considering several reference layers instead of one. Moreover, the rules discovered connect several layers or objects; the latter have spatial and non-spatial properties. The method was tested on a spatial database including four layers: Population, Hypsography, Surface Water, and underground water in Algeria. Where the generated rules give new information that cannot be extracted by the traditional methods of spatial analysis.","PeriodicalId":38104,"journal":{"name":"International Journal on Communications Antenna and Propagation","volume":"411 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136365131","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-30DOI: 10.15866/irecap.v13i3.23001
Moath Alsafasfeh, Abdullah Alhasanat, Saud Althunibat, Mohanad Alhasanat, Khaled Matrouk, Ahmad Hasan
Many roads have a punch of defects that negatively affect driving safety. The most popular defects on the roads are the cracks which need to be detected and estimated to determine the proper required action in order to provide safer road conditions. This paper aims to provide an algorithm to improve the Inspection process of roads which has difficulties in how to detect cracks and estimate their widths and therefore evaluate their effects on roads. In this paper, a novel algorithm has been developed to detect cracks on the roads and to estimate their width. The developed algorithm is based on locating cracks via horizontal and vertical pixels scan and then estimating the width of the cracks based on the real dimensions of the tested area. A thermal imaging tool was used in order to get an appropriate inspection process, where the Canny Edge Detector is applied to detect the cracks accurately. Such a model would be used by authorities that care about roads and transportation. The results show a promising detection and estimation of road cracks in real measurements which gives an indication of the effect of the cracks on the whole of the tested area.
{"title":"A Thermal Imaging Model for Roads Cracks Width Detection","authors":"Moath Alsafasfeh, Abdullah Alhasanat, Saud Althunibat, Mohanad Alhasanat, Khaled Matrouk, Ahmad Hasan","doi":"10.15866/irecap.v13i3.23001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15866/irecap.v13i3.23001","url":null,"abstract":"Many roads have a punch of defects that negatively affect driving safety. The most popular defects on the roads are the cracks which need to be detected and estimated to determine the proper required action in order to provide safer road conditions. This paper aims to provide an algorithm to improve the Inspection process of roads which has difficulties in how to detect cracks and estimate their widths and therefore evaluate their effects on roads. In this paper, a novel algorithm has been developed to detect cracks on the roads and to estimate their width. The developed algorithm is based on locating cracks via horizontal and vertical pixels scan and then estimating the width of the cracks based on the real dimensions of the tested area. A thermal imaging tool was used in order to get an appropriate inspection process, where the Canny Edge Detector is applied to detect the cracks accurately. Such a model would be used by authorities that care about roads and transportation. The results show a promising detection and estimation of road cracks in real measurements which gives an indication of the effect of the cracks on the whole of the tested area.","PeriodicalId":38104,"journal":{"name":"International Journal on Communications Antenna and Propagation","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136365130","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-30DOI: 10.15866/irecap.v13i3.22428
Valsalam Reji, C. T. Manimegalai
In this paper, a microstrip V-shaped long wire antenna is proposed and designed using HFSS simulation software. The antenna design includes a V-shaped radiator positioned on the top of the substrate, along with bottom side tuning stubs. The fabrication of the antenna is made on a Fr-4 epoxy substrate, resulting in overall dimensions of 16×16×0.32 mm3 and 18×16×0.8 mm3. After conducting simulations and measurements, the resonant and non-resonant antenna parameters have been compared. The resonant antenna operates at a frequency of 5.8 GHz, while the non-resonant antenna operates at 5.2 GHz. The resonant antenna exhibits a bandwidth of 17.2%, whereas the non-resonant antenna demonstrates a bandwidth of 15%.
{"title":"Microstrip Resonant and Non-Resonant Antenna for 5 GHz Indoor and Outdoor Band Applications","authors":"Valsalam Reji, C. T. Manimegalai","doi":"10.15866/irecap.v13i3.22428","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15866/irecap.v13i3.22428","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, a microstrip V-shaped long wire antenna is proposed and designed using HFSS simulation software. The antenna design includes a V-shaped radiator positioned on the top of the substrate, along with bottom side tuning stubs. The fabrication of the antenna is made on a Fr-4 epoxy substrate, resulting in overall dimensions of 16×16×0.32 mm3 and 18×16×0.8 mm3. After conducting simulations and measurements, the resonant and non-resonant antenna parameters have been compared. The resonant antenna operates at a frequency of 5.8 GHz, while the non-resonant antenna operates at 5.2 GHz. The resonant antenna exhibits a bandwidth of 17.2%, whereas the non-resonant antenna demonstrates a bandwidth of 15%.","PeriodicalId":38104,"journal":{"name":"International Journal on Communications Antenna and Propagation","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136365132","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Fingerprint clusters recognize fingerprint images faster by minimizing the database search space. To this end, the Gaussian filter algorithm is first used to improve the image contrast and calculate the directional fields of the fingerprint, and then the K-means algorithm is used twice, the first time, it is used to classify the fingerprint in terms of the length and width of the fingerprint, and the age group it belongs to, the second time, it is used to classify the fingerprint in terms of to which pattern the direction of ridgelines belong, plain arch, tented arch, ulnar loop, central pocket loop, plain whorl, and double whorl. Due to the smaller search space in the database, good quality results and faster fingerprint recognition are produced.
{"title":"Fingerprint Classification Using Double k-Means Clustering","authors":"Alaa Sameer Ali, Enas Khalid Adnan, Hussain Falih Mahdi","doi":"10.15866/irecap.v13i3.22903","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15866/irecap.v13i3.22903","url":null,"abstract":"Fingerprint clusters recognize fingerprint images faster by minimizing the database search space. To this end, the Gaussian filter algorithm is first used to improve the image contrast and calculate the directional fields of the fingerprint, and then the K-means algorithm is used twice, the first time, it is used to classify the fingerprint in terms of the length and width of the fingerprint, and the age group it belongs to, the second time, it is used to classify the fingerprint in terms of to which pattern the direction of ridgelines belong, plain arch, tented arch, ulnar loop, central pocket loop, plain whorl, and double whorl. Due to the smaller search space in the database, good quality results and faster fingerprint recognition are produced.","PeriodicalId":38104,"journal":{"name":"International Journal on Communications Antenna and Propagation","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136365133","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-30DOI: 10.15866/irecap.v13i3.23320
Marian Tadeusz Wnuk
The analysis presented in the article is based on the concept of the window function superimposed on the sought distribution of currents and integrated into the structure of the problem of scattering on a periodic unconfined structure which is an antenna array located on a multilayer dielectric. The function used allowed to solve the problem of scattering on an unlimited periodic antenna array. The presented solution to the analysed scattering problem is based on the spectral decomposition of the window function into Floquet harmonics ek(x,y). In general, the analysis of the problem also allows for the possibility of decomposing the window function into mesh harmonics with different grid pitch values, for example equal to Mdx and Ndy, respectively in the directions of the x and y axes. In this case, it corresponds to the spectral distributions on the planar harmonics of a rectangular unconfined periodic structure with a single cell carrier equal to that of the HMN function.
{"title":"Electromagnetic Field Screening on a Limited Antenna Arranger Located on a Multilayer Dielectric","authors":"Marian Tadeusz Wnuk","doi":"10.15866/irecap.v13i3.23320","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15866/irecap.v13i3.23320","url":null,"abstract":"The analysis presented in the article is based on the concept of the window function superimposed on the sought distribution of currents and integrated into the structure of the problem of scattering on a periodic unconfined structure which is an antenna array located on a multilayer dielectric. The function used allowed to solve the problem of scattering on an unlimited periodic antenna array. The presented solution to the analysed scattering problem is based on the spectral decomposition of the window function into Floquet harmonics ek(x,y). In general, the analysis of the problem also allows for the possibility of decomposing the window function into mesh harmonics with different grid pitch values, for example equal to Mdx and Ndy, respectively in the directions of the x and y axes. In this case, it corresponds to the spectral distributions on the planar harmonics of a rectangular unconfined periodic structure with a single cell carrier equal to that of the HMN function.","PeriodicalId":38104,"journal":{"name":"International Journal on Communications Antenna and Propagation","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136365277","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-30DOI: 10.15866/irecap.v13i3.23233
Sunil Karamchandani, Pranav H. Panicker, V. Venkataramanan
The morphology of the radial pulse enshrouds several patterns which correlate to normal and diseased conditions in the human body. This study explores the use of the Impedance Cardiovasography technique to bare the existence of eight such morphological contours from plethysmography observations on the radial pulse. Wavelet-based parallel Relevance Vector Machine (mRVM) architecture with Gaussian kernel achieves the highest accuracy of 87.27% as compared with Cauchy and spline kernels and also with principal components of the morphological patterns in the higher order space using an assortment of similar kernels. The results of the genotype are ably supported by several statistical parameters, including the Matthews Correlation Coefficient (MCC), Generalized Correlation Coefficient (GCC) and Kappa Coefficient, which provide the basis for the better performance of wavelet mRVM in comparison to the PCA technique. The higher sparsity achieved due to the wavelet features due to the reduction in the hyperparameters by 30% seals the fate of wavelets as the ideal classifier for radial pulse data. The morphological patterns are observed in normal subjects and those with heart, liver and lung diseases.
{"title":"Wavelet-Based Relevance Vector Machines for Identification of Diseased Patterns in Plethysmographic Observations in Wrist Pulse","authors":"Sunil Karamchandani, Pranav H. Panicker, V. Venkataramanan","doi":"10.15866/irecap.v13i3.23233","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15866/irecap.v13i3.23233","url":null,"abstract":"The morphology of the radial pulse enshrouds several patterns which correlate to normal and diseased conditions in the human body. This study explores the use of the Impedance Cardiovasography technique to bare the existence of eight such morphological contours from plethysmography observations on the radial pulse. Wavelet-based parallel Relevance Vector Machine (mRVM) architecture with Gaussian kernel achieves the highest accuracy of 87.27% as compared with Cauchy and spline kernels and also with principal components of the morphological patterns in the higher order space using an assortment of similar kernels. The results of the genotype are ably supported by several statistical parameters, including the Matthews Correlation Coefficient (MCC), Generalized Correlation Coefficient (GCC) and Kappa Coefficient, which provide the basis for the better performance of wavelet mRVM in comparison to the PCA technique. The higher sparsity achieved due to the wavelet features due to the reduction in the hyperparameters by 30% seals the fate of wavelets as the ideal classifier for radial pulse data. The morphological patterns are observed in normal subjects and those with heart, liver and lung diseases.","PeriodicalId":38104,"journal":{"name":"International Journal on Communications Antenna and Propagation","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136365279","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-30DOI: 10.15866/irecap.v13i2.22900
Tamara Al-Zyoud, Ramzi R. Saifan
{"title":"Probabilistic Reputation-Based Authentication Approach in VANET","authors":"Tamara Al-Zyoud, Ramzi R. Saifan","doi":"10.15866/irecap.v13i2.22900","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15866/irecap.v13i2.22900","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":38104,"journal":{"name":"International Journal on Communications Antenna and Propagation","volume":"125 4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84000294","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-30DOI: 10.15866/irecap.v13i2.22277
O. J. Ibrahim, Mohammad Zidan, Bilal Al-Doori, M. Taha, N. Islam
{"title":"A Microstrip on Planar Antenna Designs for Cognitive Radio Applications","authors":"O. J. Ibrahim, Mohammad Zidan, Bilal Al-Doori, M. Taha, N. Islam","doi":"10.15866/irecap.v13i2.22277","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15866/irecap.v13i2.22277","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":38104,"journal":{"name":"International Journal on Communications Antenna and Propagation","volume":"103 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80314804","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-30DOI: 10.15866/irecap.v13i2.22857
Skala Hatam Mohammed, M. M. Ameen, S. O. Hasan
{"title":"Simulation Design of Different Rectangular Horn Antenna Shapes Operating at 28 GHz Using CST and HFSS Techniques","authors":"Skala Hatam Mohammed, M. M. Ameen, S. O. Hasan","doi":"10.15866/irecap.v13i2.22857","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15866/irecap.v13i2.22857","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":38104,"journal":{"name":"International Journal on Communications Antenna and Propagation","volume":"165 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80434137","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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