首页 > 最新文献

Internet Mathematics最新文献

英文 中文
Geometric Protean Graphs 几何变形图
Q3 Mathematics Pub Date : 2011-10-31 DOI: 10.1080/15427951.2012.625246
A. Bonato, J. Janssen, P. Prałat
Abstract We study the link structure of online social networks (OSNs) and introduce a new model for such networks that may help in inferring their hidden underlying reality. In the geo-protean (GEO-P) model for OSNs, nodes are identified with points in Euclidean space, and edges are stochastically generated by a mixture of the relative distance of nodes and a ranking function. With high probability, the GEO-P model generates graphs satisfying many observed properties of OSNs, such as power-law degree distributions, the small-world property, densification power law, and bad spectral expansion. We introduce the dimension of an OSN based on our model and examine this new parameter using actual OSN data. We discuss how the geo-protean model may eventually be used as a tool to group users with similar attributes using only the link structure of the network.
摘要:本文研究了在线社交网络(OSNs)的链接结构,并为此类网络引入了一个新的模型,该模型可能有助于推断其隐藏的潜在现实。GEO-P (geo-protean)模型利用欧几里得空间中的点来识别节点,并结合节点的相对距离和排序函数随机生成边缘。在高概率下,GEO-P模型生成的图满足osn的许多观测性质,如幂律度分布、小世界性质、致密化幂律和不良谱展开。我们基于我们的模型引入OSN的维度,并使用实际的OSN数据检查这个新参数。我们讨论了地理变形模型如何最终被用作一种工具,仅使用网络的链接结构对具有相似属性的用户进行分组。
{"title":"Geometric Protean Graphs","authors":"A. Bonato, J. Janssen, P. Prałat","doi":"10.1080/15427951.2012.625246","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15427951.2012.625246","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract We study the link structure of online social networks (OSNs) and introduce a new model for such networks that may help in inferring their hidden underlying reality. In the geo-protean (GEO-P) model for OSNs, nodes are identified with points in Euclidean space, and edges are stochastically generated by a mixture of the relative distance of nodes and a ranking function. With high probability, the GEO-P model generates graphs satisfying many observed properties of OSNs, such as power-law degree distributions, the small-world property, densification power law, and bad spectral expansion. We introduce the dimension of an OSN based on our model and examine this new parameter using actual OSN data. We discuss how the geo-protean model may eventually be used as a tool to group users with similar attributes using only the link structure of the network.","PeriodicalId":38105,"journal":{"name":"Internet Mathematics","volume":"8 1","pages":"2 - 28"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/15427951.2012.625246","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59946389","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 26
Toward Quantifying Vertex Similarity in Networks 网络中顶点相似度的量化
Q3 Mathematics Pub Date : 2011-10-12 DOI: 10.1080/15427951.2013.836581
Charalampos E. Tsourakakis
Abstract Vertex similarity is a major concept in network science with a wide range of applications. In this work we provide novel perspectives on finding (dis)similar vertices within a network and across two networks with the same number of vertices (graph matching). With respect to the former problem, we propose to optimize a geometric objective that allows us to express each vertex uniquely as a convex combination of a few extreme types of vertices. Our method has the important advantage of supporting efficiently several types of queries such as, which other vertices are most similar to this vertex? by using appropriate data structures and by mining interesting patterns in the network. With respect to the latter problem (graph matching) we propose the generalized condition number—a quantity widely used in numerical analysis— κ(LG, LH) of the Laplacian matrix representations of G, H as a measure of graph similarity, where G, H are the graphs of interest. We show that this objective has a solid theoretical basis, and, we propose a deterministic and a randomized graph alignment algorithm. We evaluate our algorithms on both synthetic and real data. We observe that our proposed methods achieve high-quality results and provide us with significant insights into the network structure.
顶点相似度是网络科学中的一个重要概念,有着广泛的应用。在这项工作中,我们提供了在网络内和具有相同顶点数量的两个网络(图匹配)中寻找(非)相似顶点的新视角。对于前一个问题,我们建议优化一个几何目标,使我们能够将每个顶点唯一地表示为几个极端类型顶点的凸组合。我们的方法有一个重要的优势,它有效地支持多种类型的查询,例如,哪些其他顶点与这个顶点最相似?通过使用合适的数据结构和挖掘网络中有趣的模式。对于后一个问题(图匹配),我们提出了广义条件数-一个在数值分析中广泛使用的量- κ(LG, LH)的拉普拉斯矩阵表示G, H作为图相似度的度量,其中G, H是感兴趣的图。我们证明了这一目标具有坚实的理论基础,并提出了一种确定性和随机化的图对齐算法。我们在合成数据和真实数据上对我们的算法进行了评估。我们观察到我们提出的方法获得了高质量的结果,并为我们提供了对网络结构的重要见解。
{"title":"Toward Quantifying Vertex Similarity in Networks","authors":"Charalampos E. Tsourakakis","doi":"10.1080/15427951.2013.836581","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15427951.2013.836581","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Vertex similarity is a major concept in network science with a wide range of applications. In this work we provide novel perspectives on finding (dis)similar vertices within a network and across two networks with the same number of vertices (graph matching). With respect to the former problem, we propose to optimize a geometric objective that allows us to express each vertex uniquely as a convex combination of a few extreme types of vertices. Our method has the important advantage of supporting efficiently several types of queries such as, which other vertices are most similar to this vertex? by using appropriate data structures and by mining interesting patterns in the network. With respect to the latter problem (graph matching) we propose the generalized condition number—a quantity widely used in numerical analysis— κ(LG, LH) of the Laplacian matrix representations of G, H as a measure of graph similarity, where G, H are the graphs of interest. We show that this objective has a solid theoretical basis, and, we propose a deterministic and a randomized graph alignment algorithm. We evaluate our algorithms on both synthetic and real data. We observe that our proposed methods achieve high-quality results and provide us with significant insights into the network structure.","PeriodicalId":38105,"journal":{"name":"Internet Mathematics","volume":"10 1","pages":"263 - 286"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/15427951.2013.836581","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59947784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 13
Scaled Gromov Four-Point Condition for Network Graph Curvature Computation 网络图曲率计算的缩放Gromov四点条件
Q3 Mathematics Pub Date : 2011-08-30 DOI: 10.1080/15427951.2011.601233
E. Jonckheere, P. Lohsoonthorn, F. Ariaei
Abstract In this paper, we extend the concept of scaled Gromov hyperbolic graph, originally developed for the thin triangle condition (TTC), to the computationally simplified, but less intuitive, four-point condition (FPC). The original motivation was that for a large but finite network graph to enjoy some of the typical properties to be expected in negatively curved Riemannian manifolds, the delta measuring the thinness of a triangle scaled by its diameter must be below a certain threshold all across the graph. Here we develop various ways of scaling the 4-point delta, and develop upper bounds for the scaled 4-point delta in various spaces. A significant theoretical advantage of the TTC over the FPC is that the latter allows for a Gromov-like characterization of Ptolemaic spaces. As a major network application, it is shown that scale-free networks tend to be scaled Gromov hyperbolic, while small-world networks are rather scaled positively curved.
摘要本文将最初为薄三角形条件(TTC)而发展的尺度Gromov双曲图的概念推广到计算简化但不太直观的四点条件(FPC)。最初的动机是,对于一个大而有限的网络图来说,要享受负弯曲黎曼流形的一些典型性质,测量三角形的厚度的delta必须低于整个图的某个阈值。本文给出了4点函数的各种缩放方法,并给出了缩放后的4点函数在不同空间中的上界。TTC相对于FPC的一个重要的理论优势是,后者允许对托勒密空间进行格罗莫夫式的表征。作为一种主要的网络应用,无标度网络倾向于缩放的Gromov双曲,而小世界网络则倾向于缩放的正曲线。
{"title":"Scaled Gromov Four-Point Condition for Network Graph Curvature Computation","authors":"E. Jonckheere, P. Lohsoonthorn, F. Ariaei","doi":"10.1080/15427951.2011.601233","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15427951.2011.601233","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In this paper, we extend the concept of scaled Gromov hyperbolic graph, originally developed for the thin triangle condition (TTC), to the computationally simplified, but less intuitive, four-point condition (FPC). The original motivation was that for a large but finite network graph to enjoy some of the typical properties to be expected in negatively curved Riemannian manifolds, the delta measuring the thinness of a triangle scaled by its diameter must be below a certain threshold all across the graph. Here we develop various ways of scaling the 4-point delta, and develop upper bounds for the scaled 4-point delta in various spaces. A significant theoretical advantage of the TTC over the FPC is that the latter allows for a Gromov-like characterization of Ptolemaic spaces. As a major network application, it is shown that scale-free networks tend to be scaled Gromov hyperbolic, while small-world networks are rather scaled positively curved.","PeriodicalId":38105,"journal":{"name":"Internet Mathematics","volume":"7 1","pages":"137 - 177"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/15427951.2011.601233","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59946603","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 23
Degree Distribution and Number of Edges between Nodes of Given Degrees in the Buckley–Osthus Model of a Random Web Graph 随机网络图的Buckley-Osthus模型中给定度节点间的度分布和边数
Q3 Mathematics Pub Date : 2011-08-19 DOI: 10.1080/15427951.2011.646176
E. Grechnikov
Abstract In this paper, we study some important statistics of the random graph H (t) a,k in the Buckley–Osthus model, where t is the number of nodes, kt is the number of edges (so that ), and a>0 is the so-called initial attractiveness of a node. This model is a modification of the well-known Bollobás–Riordan model. First, we find a new asymptotic formula for the expectation of the number R(d, t) of nodes of a given degree d in a graph in this model. Such a formula is known for and d⩽t 1/100(a+1). Both restrictions are unsatisfactory from theoretical and practical points of view. We completely remove them. Then we calculate the covariances between any two quantities R(d 1, t) and R(d 2, t), and using the second-moment method we show that R(d, t) is tightly concentrated around its mean for all possible values of d and t. Furthermore, we study a more complicated statistic of the web graph: X(d 1, d 2, t) is the total number of edges between nodes whose degrees are equal to d 1 and d 2 respectively. We also find an asymptotic formula for the expectation of X(d 1, d 2, t) and prove a tight concentration result. Again, we do not impose any substantial restrictions on the values of d 1, d 2, and t.
摘要本文研究了Buckley-Osthus模型中随机图H (t) a,k的一些重要统计量,其中t为节点数,kt为边数(使),>0为节点的初始吸引度。这个模型是对著名的Bollobás-Riordan模型的修改。首先,我们在该模型中找到了图中给定阶数d的节点数R(d, t)的期望的一个新的渐近公式。这样的公式为和d≤t 1/100(a+1)。从理论和实践的角度来看,这两种限制都不能令人满意。我们完全去除它们。然后,我们计算任意两个量R(d1, t)和R(d2, t)之间的协方差,并使用第二矩方法证明R(d, t)对于d和t的所有可能值都紧密集中在其平均值附近。此外,我们研究了网络图的一个更复杂的统计量:X(d1, d2, t)是度分别等于d1和d2的节点之间的边的总数。我们还找到了X(d1, d2, t)期望的渐近公式,并证明了一个紧密集中的结果。同样,我们没有对d1 d2和t的值施加任何实质性的限制。
{"title":"Degree Distribution and Number of Edges between Nodes of Given Degrees in the Buckley–Osthus Model of a Random Web Graph","authors":"E. Grechnikov","doi":"10.1080/15427951.2011.646176","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15427951.2011.646176","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In this paper, we study some important statistics of the random graph H (t) a,k in the Buckley–Osthus model, where t is the number of nodes, kt is the number of edges (so that ), and a>0 is the so-called initial attractiveness of a node. This model is a modification of the well-known Bollobás–Riordan model. First, we find a new asymptotic formula for the expectation of the number R(d, t) of nodes of a given degree d in a graph in this model. Such a formula is known for and d⩽t 1/100(a+1). Both restrictions are unsatisfactory from theoretical and practical points of view. We completely remove them. Then we calculate the covariances between any two quantities R(d 1, t) and R(d 2, t), and using the second-moment method we show that R(d, t) is tightly concentrated around its mean for all possible values of d and t. Furthermore, we study a more complicated statistic of the web graph: X(d 1, d 2, t) is the total number of edges between nodes whose degrees are equal to d 1 and d 2 respectively. We also find an asymptotic formula for the expectation of X(d 1, d 2, t) and prove a tight concentration result. Again, we do not impose any substantial restrictions on the values of d 1, d 2, and t.","PeriodicalId":38105,"journal":{"name":"Internet Mathematics","volume":"94 1","pages":"257 - 287"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/15427951.2011.646176","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59946845","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 16
Editor-in-Chief's Call for Papers 总编征稿
Q3 Mathematics Pub Date : 2011-06-14 DOI: 10.1080/15427951.2011.589758
A. Bonato
{"title":"Editor-in-Chief's Call for Papers","authors":"A. Bonato","doi":"10.1080/15427951.2011.589758","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15427951.2011.589758","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":38105,"journal":{"name":"Internet Mathematics","volume":"429 1","pages":"135 - 136"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/15427951.2011.589758","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59946586","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Community Structures in Classical Network Models 经典网络模型中的社区结构
Q3 Mathematics Pub Date : 2011-06-14 DOI: 10.1080/15427951.2011.566458
Angsheng Li, Pan Peng
Abstract Communities (or clusters) are ubiquitous in real-world networks. Researchers from different fields have proposed many definitions of communities, which are usually thought of as a subset of nodes whose vertices are well connected with other vertices in the set and have relatively fewer connections with vertices outside the set. In contrast to traditional research that focuses mainly on detecting and/or testing such clusters, we propose a new definition of community and a novel way to study community structure, with which we are able to investigate mathematical network models to test whether they exhibit the small-community phenomenon, i.e., whether every vertex in the network belongs to some small community. We examine various models and establish both positive and negative results: we show that in some models, the small-community phenomenon exists, while in some other models, it does not.
抽象社区(或集群)在现实世界的网络中无处不在。不同领域的研究人员提出了许多社区的定义,社区通常被认为是节点的子集,这些节点的顶点与集合内的其他顶点连接良好,与集合外的顶点连接相对较少。与传统研究主要集中在检测和/或测试这类聚类不同,本文提出了社区的新定义和一种研究社区结构的新方法,通过这种方法我们可以研究数学网络模型,以测试它们是否表现出小社区现象,即网络中的每个顶点是否属于某个小社区。我们研究了各种模型,并建立了积极和消极的结果:我们表明,在一些模型中,小社区现象存在,而在其他一些模型中,它不存在。
{"title":"Community Structures in Classical Network Models","authors":"Angsheng Li, Pan Peng","doi":"10.1080/15427951.2011.566458","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15427951.2011.566458","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Communities (or clusters) are ubiquitous in real-world networks. Researchers from different fields have proposed many definitions of communities, which are usually thought of as a subset of nodes whose vertices are well connected with other vertices in the set and have relatively fewer connections with vertices outside the set. In contrast to traditional research that focuses mainly on detecting and/or testing such clusters, we propose a new definition of community and a novel way to study community structure, with which we are able to investigate mathematical network models to test whether they exhibit the small-community phenomenon, i.e., whether every vertex in the network belongs to some small community. We examine various models and establish both positive and negative results: we show that in some models, the small-community phenomenon exists, while in some other models, it does not.","PeriodicalId":38105,"journal":{"name":"Internet Mathematics","volume":"7 1","pages":"106 - 81"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/15427951.2011.566458","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59946510","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 16
Moment-Based Estimation of Stochastic Kronecker Graph Parameters 基于矩的随机Kronecker图参数估计
Q3 Mathematics Pub Date : 2011-06-08 DOI: 10.1080/15427951.2012.680824
D. Gleich, A. Owen
Abstract Stochastic Kronecker graphs supply a parsimonious model for large sparse real-world graphs. They can specify the distribution of a large random graph using only three or four parameters. Those parameters have, however, proved difficult to choose in specific applications. This article looks at method-of-moments estimators that are computationally much simpler than maximum likelihood. The estimators are fast, and in our examples, they typically yield Kronecker parameters with expected feature counts closer to a given graph than we get from KronFit. The improvement is especially prominent for the number of triangles in the graph.
随机Kronecker图为现实世界的大型稀疏图提供了一种简约模型。它们可以只使用三到四个参数来指定大型随机图的分布。然而,这些参数在具体应用中很难选择。本文着眼于矩法估计,它在计算上比最大似然简单得多。估计器速度很快,在我们的例子中,它们通常产生的Kronecker参数的预期特征计数比我们从KronFit中得到的更接近给定图。这种改进对于图中三角形的数量尤其突出。
{"title":"Moment-Based Estimation of Stochastic Kronecker Graph Parameters","authors":"D. Gleich, A. Owen","doi":"10.1080/15427951.2012.680824","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15427951.2012.680824","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Stochastic Kronecker graphs supply a parsimonious model for large sparse real-world graphs. They can specify the distribution of a large random graph using only three or four parameters. Those parameters have, however, proved difficult to choose in specific applications. This article looks at method-of-moments estimators that are computationally much simpler than maximum likelihood. The estimators are fast, and in our examples, they typically yield Kronecker parameters with expected feature counts closer to a given graph than we get from KronFit. The improvement is especially prominent for the number of triangles in the graph.","PeriodicalId":38105,"journal":{"name":"Internet Mathematics","volume":"8 1","pages":"232 - 256"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/15427951.2012.680824","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59947002","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 39
Fast Matrix Computations for Pairwise and Columnwise Commute Times and Katz Scores 成对和列式通勤时间和Katz分数的快速矩阵计算
Q3 Mathematics Pub Date : 2011-04-19 DOI: 10.1080/15427951.2012.625256
F. Bonchi, Pooya Esfandiar, D. Gleich, C. Greif, L. Lakshmanan
Abstract We explore methods for approximating the commute time and Katz score between a pair of nodes. These methods are based on the approach of matrices, moments, and quadrature developed in the numerical linear algebra community. They rely on the Lanczos process and provide upper and lower bounds on an estimate of the pairwise scores. We also explore methods to approximate the commute times and Katz scores from a node to all other nodes in the graph. Here, our approach for the commute times is based on a variation of the conjugate gradient algorithm, and it provides an estimate of all the diagonals of the inverse of a matrix. Our technique for the Katz scores is based on exploiting an empirical localization property of the Katz matrix. We adapt algorithms used for personalized PageRank computing to these Katz scores and theoretically show that this approach is convergent. We evaluate these methods on 17 real-world graphs ranging in size from 1000 to 1,000,000 nodes. Our results show that our pairwise commute-time method and columnwise Katz algorithm both have attractive theoretical properties and empirical performance.
摘要研究了一种近似节点间通勤时间和Katz分数的方法。这些方法是基于矩阵、矩和正交的方法在数值线性代数社区发展起来的。它们依赖于Lanczos过程,并提供两两得分估计的上限和下限。我们还探索了从一个节点到图中所有其他节点的通勤时间和Katz分数的近似方法。这里,我们的通勤时间方法是基于共轭梯度算法的一种变体,它提供了矩阵逆的所有对角线的估计。我们的Katz分数技术是基于利用Katz矩阵的经验定位特性。我们将用于个性化PageRank计算的算法适应于这些Katz分数,并在理论上表明这种方法是收敛的。我们在17个真实世界的图上评估了这些方法,这些图的大小从1000到1,000,000个节点不等。结果表明,我们的两两通勤时间方法和列式Katz算法都具有很好的理论性能和经验性能。
{"title":"Fast Matrix Computations for Pairwise and Columnwise Commute Times and Katz Scores","authors":"F. Bonchi, Pooya Esfandiar, D. Gleich, C. Greif, L. Lakshmanan","doi":"10.1080/15427951.2012.625256","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15427951.2012.625256","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract We explore methods for approximating the commute time and Katz score between a pair of nodes. These methods are based on the approach of matrices, moments, and quadrature developed in the numerical linear algebra community. They rely on the Lanczos process and provide upper and lower bounds on an estimate of the pairwise scores. We also explore methods to approximate the commute times and Katz scores from a node to all other nodes in the graph. Here, our approach for the commute times is based on a variation of the conjugate gradient algorithm, and it provides an estimate of all the diagonals of the inverse of a matrix. Our technique for the Katz scores is based on exploiting an empirical localization property of the Katz matrix. We adapt algorithms used for personalized PageRank computing to these Katz scores and theoretically show that this approach is convergent. We evaluate these methods on 17 real-world graphs ranging in size from 1000 to 1,000,000 nodes. Our results show that our pairwise commute-time method and columnwise Katz algorithm both have attractive theoretical properties and empirical performance.","PeriodicalId":38105,"journal":{"name":"Internet Mathematics","volume":"8 1","pages":"112 - 73"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/15427951.2012.625256","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59946457","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 57
Social Influence and Evolution of Market Share 市场份额的社会影响与演变
Q3 Mathematics Pub Date : 2011-03-30 DOI: 10.1080/15427951.2011.579849
Simla Ceyhan, M. Mousavi, A. Saberi
Abstract We propose a model for the evolution of market share in the presence of social influence. We study a simple market in which the individuals arrive sequentially and choose one of a number of available products. Their choice of product is a stochastic function of the inherent quality of the product and its market share. Using techniques from stochastic approximation theory, we show that market shares converge to an equilibrium. We also derive the market shares at equilibrium in terms of the level of social influence and the inherent quality of the products. In a special case, in which the choice model is a multinomial logit model, we show that inequality in the market increases with social influence and that with strong enough social influence, monopoly occurs. These results support the observations made in the experimental study of cultural markets in [Salganik et al. 06].
摘要本文提出了一个存在社会影响的市场份额演化模型。我们研究了一个简单的市场,在这个市场中,个人依次到达并从众多可用产品中选择一种。他们对产品的选择是产品内在质量及其市场份额的随机函数。利用随机逼近理论的技术,我们证明了市场份额收敛于一个均衡。我们还根据社会影响水平和产品的内在质量推导出均衡时的市场份额。在选择模型为多项式逻辑模型的特殊情况下,我们证明了市场中的不平等随着社会影响的增加而增加,当社会影响足够强时,就会出现垄断。这些结果支持了[Salganik et al. 06]在文化市场实验研究中的观察结果。
{"title":"Social Influence and Evolution of Market Share","authors":"Simla Ceyhan, M. Mousavi, A. Saberi","doi":"10.1080/15427951.2011.579849","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15427951.2011.579849","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract We propose a model for the evolution of market share in the presence of social influence. We study a simple market in which the individuals arrive sequentially and choose one of a number of available products. Their choice of product is a stochastic function of the inherent quality of the product and its market share. Using techniques from stochastic approximation theory, we show that market shares converge to an equilibrium. We also derive the market shares at equilibrium in terms of the level of social influence and the inherent quality of the products. In a special case, in which the choice model is a multinomial logit model, we show that inequality in the market increases with social influence and that with strong enough social influence, monopoly occurs. These results support the observations made in the experimental study of cultural markets in [Salganik et al. 06].","PeriodicalId":38105,"journal":{"name":"Internet Mathematics","volume":"7 1","pages":"107 - 134"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/15427951.2011.579849","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59946576","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 16
Estimating sizes of social networks via biased sampling 通过有偏抽样估计社交网络的规模
Q3 Mathematics Pub Date : 2011-03-28 DOI: 10.1145/1963405.1963489
L. Katzir, Edo Liberty, O. Somekh, Ioana A. Cosma
Online social networks have become very popular in recent years and their number of users is already measured in many hundreds of millions. For various commercial and sociological purposes, an independent estimate of their sizes is important. In this work, algorithms for estimating the number of users in such networks are considered. The proposed schemes are also applicable for estimating the sizes of networks' sub-populations. The suggested algorithms interact with the social networks via their public APIs only, and rely on no other external information. Due to obvious traffic and privacy concerns, the number of such interactions is severely limited. We therefore focus on minimizing the number of API interactions needed for producing good size estimates. We adopt the abstraction of social networks as undirected graphs and use random node sampling. By counting the number of collisions or non-unique nodes in the sample, we produce a size estimate. Then, we show analytically that the estimate error vanishes with high probability for smaller number of samples than those required by prior-art algorithms. Moreover, although our algorithms are provably correct for any graph, they excel when applied to social network-like graphs. The proposed algorithms were evaluated on synthetic as well real social networks such as Facebook, IMDB, and DBLP. Our experiments corroborated the theoretical results, and demonstrated the effectiveness of the algorithms.
近年来,在线社交网络变得非常流行,其用户数量已经达到数亿。出于各种商业和社会学目的,对它们的大小进行独立估计是很重要的。在这项工作中,考虑了估计此类网络中用户数量的算法。所提出的方案也适用于估计网络子群的规模。建议的算法仅通过其公共api与社交网络交互,而不依赖于其他外部信息。由于明显的流量和隐私问题,这种交互的数量受到严重限制。因此,我们专注于最小化生成良好规模估算所需的API交互数量。我们将社交网络抽象为无向图,并使用随机节点采样。通过计算样本中碰撞或非唯一节点的数量,我们产生一个大小估计。然后,我们分析地表明,与现有技术算法所需的样本数量相比,在更小的样本数量下,估计误差高概率地消失。此外,尽管我们的算法对任何图形都是正确的,但当应用于社交网络类图形时,它们表现出色。所提出的算法在合成和真实的社交网络(如Facebook、IMDB和DBLP)上进行了评估。实验验证了理论结果,证明了算法的有效性。
{"title":"Estimating sizes of social networks via biased sampling","authors":"L. Katzir, Edo Liberty, O. Somekh, Ioana A. Cosma","doi":"10.1145/1963405.1963489","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1963405.1963489","url":null,"abstract":"Online social networks have become very popular in recent years and their number of users is already measured in many hundreds of millions. For various commercial and sociological purposes, an independent estimate of their sizes is important. In this work, algorithms for estimating the number of users in such networks are considered. The proposed schemes are also applicable for estimating the sizes of networks' sub-populations. The suggested algorithms interact with the social networks via their public APIs only, and rely on no other external information. Due to obvious traffic and privacy concerns, the number of such interactions is severely limited. We therefore focus on minimizing the number of API interactions needed for producing good size estimates. We adopt the abstraction of social networks as undirected graphs and use random node sampling. By counting the number of collisions or non-unique nodes in the sample, we produce a size estimate. Then, we show analytically that the estimate error vanishes with high probability for smaller number of samples than those required by prior-art algorithms. Moreover, although our algorithms are provably correct for any graph, they excel when applied to social network-like graphs. The proposed algorithms were evaluated on synthetic as well real social networks such as Facebook, IMDB, and DBLP. Our experiments corroborated the theoretical results, and demonstrated the effectiveness of the algorithms.","PeriodicalId":38105,"journal":{"name":"Internet Mathematics","volume":"10 1","pages":"335 - 359"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1145/1963405.1963489","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"64123853","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 146
期刊
Internet Mathematics
全部 Acc. Chem. Res. ACS Applied Bio Materials ACS Appl. Electron. Mater. ACS Appl. Energy Mater. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces ACS Appl. Nano Mater. ACS Appl. Polym. Mater. ACS BIOMATER-SCI ENG ACS Catal. ACS Cent. Sci. ACS Chem. Biol. ACS Chemical Health & Safety ACS Chem. Neurosci. ACS Comb. Sci. ACS Earth Space Chem. ACS Energy Lett. ACS Infect. Dis. ACS Macro Lett. ACS Mater. Lett. ACS Med. Chem. Lett. ACS Nano ACS Omega ACS Photonics ACS Sens. ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng. ACS Synth. Biol. Anal. Chem. BIOCHEMISTRY-US Bioconjugate Chem. BIOMACROMOLECULES Chem. Res. Toxicol. Chem. Rev. Chem. Mater. CRYST GROWTH DES ENERG FUEL Environ. Sci. Technol. Environ. Sci. Technol. Lett. Eur. J. Inorg. Chem. IND ENG CHEM RES Inorg. Chem. J. Agric. Food. Chem. J. Chem. Eng. Data J. Chem. Educ. J. Chem. Inf. Model. J. Chem. Theory Comput. J. Med. Chem. J. Nat. Prod. J PROTEOME RES J. Am. Chem. Soc. LANGMUIR MACROMOLECULES Mol. Pharmaceutics Nano Lett. Org. Lett. ORG PROCESS RES DEV ORGANOMETALLICS J. Org. Chem. J. Phys. Chem. J. Phys. Chem. A J. Phys. Chem. B J. Phys. Chem. C J. Phys. Chem. Lett. Analyst Anal. Methods Biomater. Sci. Catal. Sci. Technol. Chem. Commun. Chem. Soc. Rev. CHEM EDUC RES PRACT CRYSTENGCOMM Dalton Trans. Energy Environ. Sci. ENVIRON SCI-NANO ENVIRON SCI-PROC IMP ENVIRON SCI-WAT RES Faraday Discuss. Food Funct. Green Chem. Inorg. Chem. Front. Integr. Biol. J. Anal. At. Spectrom. J. Mater. Chem. A J. Mater. Chem. B J. Mater. Chem. C Lab Chip Mater. Chem. Front. Mater. Horiz. MEDCHEMCOMM Metallomics Mol. Biosyst. Mol. Syst. Des. Eng. Nanoscale Nanoscale Horiz. Nat. Prod. Rep. New J. Chem. Org. Biomol. Chem. Org. Chem. Front. PHOTOCH PHOTOBIO SCI PCCP Polym. Chem.
×
引用
GB/T 7714-2015
复制
MLA
复制
APA
复制
导出至
BibTeX EndNote RefMan NoteFirst NoteExpress
×
0
微信
客服QQ
Book学术公众号 扫码关注我们
反馈
×
意见反馈
请填写您的意见或建议
请填写您的手机或邮箱
×
提示
您的信息不完整,为了账户安全,请先补充。
现在去补充
×
提示
您因"违规操作"
具体请查看互助需知
我知道了
×
提示
现在去查看 取消
×
提示
确定
Book学术官方微信
Book学术文献互助
Book学术文献互助群
群 号:481959085
Book学术
文献互助 智能选刊 最新文献 互助须知 联系我们:info@booksci.cn
Book学术提供免费学术资源搜索服务,方便国内外学者检索中英文文献。致力于提供最便捷和优质的服务体验。
Copyright © 2023 Book学术 All rights reserved.
ghs 京公网安备 11010802042870号 京ICP备2023020795号-1