Austrian sculptor Alfred Hrdlicka’s Monument against War and Fascism (1988/91) in central Vienna is the focal point of this article, which asks what contested images in public places do. Hrdlicka’s ...
{"title":"Infelicitous Efficacy: Alfred Hrdlicka’s Memorial against War and Fascism","authors":"T. Schult, D. Popescu","doi":"10.4000/ARTICULO.4014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4000/ARTICULO.4014","url":null,"abstract":"Austrian sculptor Alfred Hrdlicka’s Monument against War and Fascism (1988/91) in central Vienna is the focal point of this article, which asks what contested images in public places do. Hrdlicka’s ...","PeriodicalId":38124,"journal":{"name":"Articulo - Journal of Urban Research","volume":"35 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89827444","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The result of a 2013 conference held in Halifax, this collective book brings together scholars, artists and many more to see how “the interactions between art and the public actually play out in the urban social context” (p.3). Crossing boundaries between artistic creations and social science research, focused mainly on Canadian cities, this provocative project will appeal to anyone, both inside and outside of academia, seeking new ways to study the relationships between artists, publics and ...
{"title":"Urban Encounters: Art and the Public. Book review of: Martha Radice, Alexandrine Boudreault-Fournier (ed.) Urban encounters: Art and the public.","authors":"Léa Sallenave, H. Bonin","doi":"10.4000/ARTICULO.4106","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4000/ARTICULO.4106","url":null,"abstract":"The result of a 2013 conference held in Halifax, this collective book brings together scholars, artists and many more to see how “the interactions between art and the public actually play out in the urban social context” (p.3). Crossing boundaries between artistic creations and social science research, focused mainly on Canadian cities, this provocative project will appeal to anyone, both inside and outside of academia, seeking new ways to study the relationships between artists, publics and ...","PeriodicalId":38124,"journal":{"name":"Articulo - Journal of Urban Research","volume":"63 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73362422","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this paper, I investigate how the houses in the villages are maintained and transmitted to urban dwellers, and how these configurations inform social ties in the city. Maroon inhabitants of Saint-Laurent-du-Maroni, located in the estuary of the Maroni River at the border between Suriname and French Guiana, maintain ties with Maroon upriver territories. Most people do not dwell in a single house. Their ‘configurations of houses’ can encompass both banks of the river and connect coastal cities with upriver rural places. The occupancy of and investments into upriver houses are not only the consequences but also the means to ensure the continuity of kinship in town. Beyond the diversity of the uses of those rural houses, I analyse the link between their maintaining and urban dwelling. Spatial disposal of the houses in the villages both reflects and result from matrilineal ties between kinsmen. In the urban context of Saint-Laurent, related houses are not always located nearby from one another, depending on housing policies and removals. Kinship ties in the city are activated in reference to those upriver spaces. Upriver houses have a role of remembering of those genealogies. Common building projects can also renew the ties between urbans.
{"title":"The making of urban Maroons . Kinship, houses and mobilities in Saint-Laurent-du-Maroni (French Guyana)","authors":"Clémence Léobal","doi":"10.4000/articulo.4446","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4000/articulo.4446","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, I investigate how the houses in the villages are maintained and transmitted to urban dwellers, and how these configurations inform social ties in the city. Maroon inhabitants of Saint-Laurent-du-Maroni, located in the estuary of the Maroni River at the border between Suriname and French Guiana, maintain ties with Maroon upriver territories. Most people do not dwell in a single house. Their ‘configurations of houses’ can encompass both banks of the river and connect coastal cities with upriver rural places. The occupancy of and investments into upriver houses are not only the consequences but also the means to ensure the continuity of kinship in town. Beyond the diversity of the uses of those rural houses, I analyse the link between their maintaining and urban dwelling. Spatial disposal of the houses in the villages both reflects and result from matrilineal ties between kinsmen. In the urban context of Saint-Laurent, related houses are not always located nearby from one another, depending on housing policies and removals. Kinship ties in the city are activated in reference to those upriver spaces. Upriver houses have a role of remembering of those genealogies. Common building projects can also renew the ties between urbans.","PeriodicalId":38124,"journal":{"name":"Articulo - Journal of Urban Research","volume":"40 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77993676","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
To investigate the active presence of images in urban public places, this article argues for the possibility of a social ecological perspective, revisiting the tradition of human ecology introduced by Chicago sociologists and social psychologists a century ago. Confronting this intellectual heritage to contributions of visual, cultural and memory studies, I propose to consider the ecological framing of urban experience as a method for investigating the public life of images. This approach consists in studying the perceptual environments, material devices and social activities that maintain a living relationship with public images in cities. To illustrate the proposal, the article examines a concrete example, the photographic portraits of the Sacrario dei Partigiani in Bologna (Italy), through personal observation and photographs. A third section of the text expands the scope of inquiry, in order to experiment with the social ecological approach: it addresses the contemporary flooding of advertising and mobile images in contemporary urban situations.
为了研究城市公共场所中图像的活跃存在，本文论证了社会生态学视角的可能性，重新审视了一个世纪前芝加哥社会学家和社会心理学家引入的人类生态学传统。面对这种知识遗产对视觉、文化和记忆研究的贡献，我建议将城市经验的生态框架作为调查图像公共生活的一种方法。这一方法包括研究城市中与公共形象保持着活生生关系的感性环境、物质装置和社会活动。为了说明这一建议，本文考察了一个具体的例子，即通过个人观察和照片，在博洛尼亚(意大利)的Sacrario dei Partigiani的摄影肖像。文本的第三部分扩大了调查的范围，以便实验社会生态方法:它解决了当代城市环境中广告和移动图像的当代泛滥。
{"title":"The Public Life of Images: Towards a Social Ecology of the Urban Gaze. The example of Bologna’s Sacrario dei Partigiani","authors":"O. Gaudin","doi":"10.4000/ARTICULO.3947","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4000/ARTICULO.3947","url":null,"abstract":"To investigate the active presence of images in urban public places, this article argues for the possibility of a social ecological perspective, revisiting the tradition of human ecology introduced by Chicago sociologists and social psychologists a century ago. Confronting this intellectual heritage to contributions of visual, cultural and memory studies, I propose to consider the ecological framing of urban experience as a method for investigating the public life of images. This approach consists in studying the perceptual environments, material devices and social activities that maintain a living relationship with public images in cities. To illustrate the proposal, the article examines a concrete example, the photographic portraits of the Sacrario dei Partigiani in Bologna (Italy), through personal observation and photographs. A third section of the text expands the scope of inquiry, in order to experiment with the social ecological approach: it addresses the contemporary flooding of advertising and mobile images in contemporary urban situations.","PeriodicalId":38124,"journal":{"name":"Articulo - Journal of Urban Research","volume":"100 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80585819","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article investigates the status and effect of images in the post-conflict public space of South Lebanon which is the stage of political and social configurations involving specific means of image production on the territory. How, why and for whom are images produced in a post-conflict area that has been perceived as “invisible” for thirty years? Are the images produced a way to go beyond this conflict or do they perpetuate it? All of these artefacts are resources for the appropriation of the southern Lebanese space; but discrepancies are created on the ground by their limited effects and reception. The aim of this paper is to point out the dissonances between the presumed power of these images and their effectiveness on the ground by focusing on the staging of the former prison of Khiam since 2000 and its reflection of all these dynamics. We will show that images in Khiam and in the South are in a liminal state: they are produced for Others who are not directly addressed, they are contested but not on-site and the effect of this contestation is null. They are finally ghosts in the place, ghosts in the territory.
{"title":"Images in South Lebanon: an Absent Presence. The Case of the Former Khiam Prison","authors":"Zara Fournier","doi":"10.4000/ARTICULO.3915","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4000/ARTICULO.3915","url":null,"abstract":"This article investigates the status and effect of images in the post-conflict public space of South Lebanon which is the stage of political and social configurations involving specific means of image production on the territory. How, why and for whom are images produced in a post-conflict area that has been perceived as “invisible” for thirty years? Are the images produced a way to go beyond this conflict or do they perpetuate it? All of these artefacts are resources for the appropriation of the southern Lebanese space; but discrepancies are created on the ground by their limited effects and reception. The aim of this paper is to point out the dissonances between the presumed power of these images and their effectiveness on the ground by focusing on the staging of the former prison of Khiam since 2000 and its reflection of all these dynamics. We will show that images in Khiam and in the South are in a liminal state: they are produced for Others who are not directly addressed, they are contested but not on-site and the effect of this contestation is null. They are finally ghosts in the place, ghosts in the territory.","PeriodicalId":38124,"journal":{"name":"Articulo - Journal of Urban Research","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81149849","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
As owners of a land plot, the poor families living in Rio de Janeiro’s loteamentos perifericos (“peripheral housing subdivisions”) have evolved their own unique ways of using their land, often with scant regard for building regulations. This is the case of the meia-agua, a rectangular single-story backyard construction with a mono-pitched roof. At first sight, it seems people build meia-aguas simply as a means to lower construction costs, but in doing so, they offer an insight into the socio-spatial hierarchies and kinship dynamics that shape the production of space. Thus, as the family move from the meia-agua at the rear to the true house at the front of the plot, the former may be abandoned completely, turned into a workshop for small-scale economic activities, or provide a means to divide the land. People would also allow their married children and ageing parents to build or occupy meia-aguas, so that they can take care of one another without compromising each other’s privacy. In this case, the land plot has a centripetal effect on the “configuration of houses”.
{"title":"Meia-água: producing space and kinship in an irregular housing subdivision in Rio de Janeiro","authors":"Thomas Cortado","doi":"10.4000/articulo.4355","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4000/articulo.4355","url":null,"abstract":"As owners of a land plot, the poor families living in Rio de Janeiro’s loteamentos perifericos (“peripheral housing subdivisions”) have evolved their own unique ways of using their land, often with scant regard for building regulations. This is the case of the meia-agua, a rectangular single-story backyard construction with a mono-pitched roof. At first sight, it seems people build meia-aguas simply as a means to lower construction costs, but in doing so, they offer an insight into the socio-spatial hierarchies and kinship dynamics that shape the production of space. Thus, as the family move from the meia-agua at the rear to the true house at the front of the plot, the former may be abandoned completely, turned into a workshop for small-scale economic activities, or provide a means to divide the land. People would also allow their married children and ageing parents to build or occupy meia-aguas, so that they can take care of one another without compromising each other’s privacy. In this case, the land plot has a centripetal effect on the “configuration of houses”.","PeriodicalId":38124,"journal":{"name":"Articulo - Journal of Urban Research","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80180287","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Visuality and Visual Studies The question “What do images in the public space do?” refers to W. J. T. Mitchell’s book What do pictures want? published in 2005 and recently translated into French. This question reflects several issues related to the development of visual studies as an interdisciplinary field of study. The analysis of images, which was traditionally attached to art history, is now investigated by visual studies, which have shifted the line of questioning to reflect upon the not...
{"title":"What do Images in the Public Space do","authors":"Allison Huetz, Clémence Lehec, T. Maeder","doi":"10.4000/ARTICULO.3847","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4000/ARTICULO.3847","url":null,"abstract":"Visuality and Visual Studies The question “What do images in the public space do?” refers to W. J. T. Mitchell’s book What do pictures want? published in 2005 and recently translated into French. This question reflects several issues related to the development of visual studies as an interdisciplinary field of study. The analysis of images, which was traditionally attached to art history, is now investigated by visual studies, which have shifted the line of questioning to reflect upon the not...","PeriodicalId":38124,"journal":{"name":"Articulo - Journal of Urban Research","volume":"156 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76750853","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Through analyzing residential and daily mobility practices from a qualitative approach, this paper shows that families sustain a residential pattern by which they value and pursue proximity to relatives. This residential rationale prioritizes living “nearby” rather than living “together”. The families examined throughout the study maintain family residential proximity at the intra-urban and even intra-neighborhood levels. The article accounts for and examines the residential trajectories that uphold proximity to family members and their interactions with urban dynamics. Finally, it shows the significant role of family in achieving homeownership, which does not always contribute to the geographic aggregation of relatives.
{"title":"Urban mobility practices and family proximity: A study of middle-class households in a neighborhood in Buenos Aires, Argentina.","authors":"Natalia Cosacov","doi":"10.4000/articulo.4418","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4000/articulo.4418","url":null,"abstract":"Through analyzing residential and daily mobility practices from a qualitative approach, this paper shows that families sustain a residential pattern by which they value and pursue proximity to relatives. This residential rationale prioritizes living “nearby” rather than living “together”. The families examined throughout the study maintain family residential proximity at the intra-urban and even intra-neighborhood levels. The article accounts for and examines the residential trajectories that uphold proximity to family members and their interactions with urban dynamics. Finally, it shows the significant role of family in achieving homeownership, which does not always contribute to the geographic aggregation of relatives.","PeriodicalId":38124,"journal":{"name":"Articulo - Journal of Urban Research","volume":"87 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91333839","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper is about the contested use of urban space, focusing on the appropriation of informal trading spaces by street traders in Kisumu, Kenya’s third largest city. The objective is to understand the access to and control of the trading streets around Jomo Kenyatta Sports Ground. These trading places are understood as a resource. I argue that legal and political contradictions create an ambiguous institutional environment. These ambiguities contribute to the development of conflicts in the use of these trading places and give advantages to actors with a key position, particularly the brokers acting as an interface between street traders and authorities. The empirical material for this study comes from surveys carried out in Kisumu between April and December 2016. 26 semi-structured interviews, three life story interviews and two focus group interviews were carried out, mainly with street traders. The first part of this paper develops the theoretical approach and the ambiguity of the street trading institutional environment. The second part deals with the daily struggle for trading places and then it focuses on projects by local authorities about street trade management. These projects increase the process of fragmentation of street traders’ associations.
{"title":"Ambiguous Resource: “Informal” Street Trading in Kisumu, Kenya","authors":"Sylvain Racaud","doi":"10.4000/ARTICULO.3702","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4000/ARTICULO.3702","url":null,"abstract":"This paper is about the contested use of urban space, focusing on the appropriation of informal trading spaces by street traders in Kisumu, Kenya’s third largest city. The objective is to understand the access to and control of the trading streets around Jomo Kenyatta Sports Ground. These trading places are understood as a resource. I argue that legal and political contradictions create an ambiguous institutional environment. These ambiguities contribute to the development of conflicts in the use of these trading places and give advantages to actors with a key position, particularly the brokers acting as an interface between street traders and authorities. The empirical material for this study comes from surveys carried out in Kisumu between April and December 2016. 26 semi-structured interviews, three life story interviews and two focus group interviews were carried out, mainly with street traders. The first part of this paper develops the theoretical approach and the ambiguity of the street trading institutional environment. The second part deals with the daily struggle for trading places and then it focuses on projects by local authorities about street trade management. These projects increase the process of fragmentation of street traders’ associations.","PeriodicalId":38124,"journal":{"name":"Articulo - Journal of Urban Research","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73422272","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Focussing on policies towards urban street trade in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, in this paper I illustrate how despite the widely acknowledged limits to its analytical usefulness, the contested and politically charged concept of the ‘informal economy’ continues to play a vital role in informing strategies of economic and social development on multiple levels of government. I argue that while the negative connotations of the concept continue to cast street trade as an aberration from the norm of formalised economic activity, its usage distracts from the causes and conditions of street trade and leads to a narrow focus on business formalisation, with disastrous consequences for traders and city authorities. I aim at making a conceptual and empirical contribution, structured in two parts: First, starting from Keith Hart’s reflections, I sketch out the discussions surrounding the concept of the informal economy and highlight its socially constructed and normative dimension. In the second part, I delineate the legal status of street trade in Tanzania. The conception of street trade as ‘informal’ is then traced from an international think tank to a national formalisation programme, further to urban planning and law enforcement policies, and finally contrasted with the views of traders.
{"title":"What’s in a Word? The Conceptual Politics of ‘Informal’ Street Trade in Dar es Salaam","authors":"Ilona Steiler","doi":"10.4000/ARTICULO.3376","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4000/ARTICULO.3376","url":null,"abstract":"Focussing on policies towards urban street trade in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, in this paper I illustrate how despite the widely acknowledged limits to its analytical usefulness, the contested and politically charged concept of the ‘informal economy’ continues to play a vital role in informing strategies of economic and social development on multiple levels of government. I argue that while the negative connotations of the concept continue to cast street trade as an aberration from the norm of formalised economic activity, its usage distracts from the causes and conditions of street trade and leads to a narrow focus on business formalisation, with disastrous consequences for traders and city authorities. I aim at making a conceptual and empirical contribution, structured in two parts: First, starting from Keith Hart’s reflections, I sketch out the discussions surrounding the concept of the informal economy and highlight its socially constructed and normative dimension. In the second part, I delineate the legal status of street trade in Tanzania. The conception of street trade as ‘informal’ is then traced from an international think tank to a national formalisation programme, further to urban planning and law enforcement policies, and finally contrasted with the views of traders.","PeriodicalId":38124,"journal":{"name":"Articulo - Journal of Urban Research","volume":"106 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78234070","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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