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Faith, Knowledge, and the Ausgang of Classical German Philosophy: Jacobi, Hegel, Feuerbach 信仰、知识与德国古典哲学的奥秘:雅各比、黑格尔、费尔巴哈
IF 0.8 3区 哲学 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2024-05-17 DOI: 10.3390/rel15050618
Todd Gooch
This article revisits Feuerbach’s “break with speculation” in the early 1840s in light of issues raised by the original Pantheism Controversy, initiated in 1785 by the publication of Friedrich Heinrich Jacobi’s Letters on the Doctrine of Spinoza. The article first describes the concerns underlying Jacobi’s repudiation of Spinozism, and rationalism more generally, in favor of a personalistic theism that disclaims the possibility of philosophical knowledge of God. It goes on to reconstruct Hegel’s alternative to Jacobi’s famous salto mortale before considering how Feuerbach’s critique of Hegel’s philosophy of religion, as well as the personalism of the so-called Positive Philosophy (inspired by the late Schelling), was influenced by both Spinoza and Jacobi in ways that have not yet received sufficient attention.
1785 年,弗里德里希-海因里希-雅各比(Friedrich Heinrich Jacobi)发表了《关于斯宾诺莎学说的信》,引发了最初的泛神论之争。文章首先描述了雅各比否定斯宾诺莎主义以及更广泛意义上的理性主义,转而支持个人主义的有神论,否认从哲学角度认识上帝的可能性的根本原因。文章在探讨费尔巴哈对黑格尔宗教哲学的批判以及所谓实在论哲学(受晚期谢林的启发)的个人主义是如何受到斯宾诺莎和雅可比的影响之前,重构了黑格尔对雅可比著名的 "死亡礼赞"(salto mortale)的替代方案,而这些方案尚未得到足够的重视。
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引用次数: 0
Caring for–Caring about: Negotiations of Values in Pastoral Care 关爱-关怀:牧灵关怀中的价值协商
IF 0.8 3区 哲学 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2024-05-17 DOI: 10.3390/rel15050619
M. Christoffersen, Annette Haussmann, Anne Austad
The term “care” in pastoral care means caring for others. Yet those who care for others in pastoral conversations can also be defined existentially as people who care about the world, that is, people who hold values. This article explores how caring for and caring about commence in pastoral practice, with special attention paid to conflicts of values in pastoral conversations. The article proposes a typology of subjects for value conflicts in pastoral care, and it proposes a set of strategies for navigating those conflicts. We base both proposals on an analysis of German and Norwegian verbatims, i.e., protocols of pastoral caregivers’ memories of pastoral care encounters. These verbatims highlight that while pastoral caregivers and care seekers have different roles and obligations in pastoral care, an existential encounter occurs which has its own potentials and pitfalls. Thereby, we draw attention to the necessary negotiations of values that transpire in pastoral conversations in postsecular societies.
教牧关怀中的 "关怀 "一词是指对他人的关怀。然而,在教牧对话中关心他人的人也可以被定义为关心世界的人,即持有价值观的人。本文探讨了在牧灵实践中,"关怀 "和 "关心 "如何开始,并特别关注了牧灵对话中的价值观冲突。文章对教牧关怀中的价值观冲突提出了一种类型学,并提出了一套应对这些冲突的策略。这两项建议都是基于对德国和挪威的逐字记录(即牧养关怀者对牧养关怀遭遇的回忆记录)的分析。这些口头记录强调,虽然牧灵关怀者和寻求关怀者在牧灵关怀中承担着不同的角色和义务,但存在主义的相遇也有其自身的潜力和陷阱。因此,我们提请大家注意,在后世俗社会的牧灵对话中,需要对价值观进行必要的协商。
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引用次数: 0
Pondering Diversity in Contemporary Culture: Towards Establishing a Framework for a Dialogical Approach to Religious Education in Australian Catholic Schools 思考当代文化中的多样性:为澳大利亚天主教学校的宗教教育建立一个对话框架
IF 0.8 3区 哲学 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2024-05-17 DOI: 10.3390/rel15050617
Richard M. Rymarz
This paper seeks to deepen the understanding of religious plurality using a range of conceptual lenses and then to draw out some implications for a dialogical approach to religious education in Catholic schools. While what was, until very recent times, seen as conventional religious affiliation has certainly weakened in Australia and elsewhere, this does not necessarily lead to a multiplication of communal beliefs, practices and values. Following Smith, Inglehart and others, what has emerged is a dominant cultural hegemony which has a range of characteristics, but the most pertinent for the discussion here is the loss of the transcendent imperative and the subsequent decline in the knowledge of, and identification with, narratives associated with once-dominant religious communities. An understanding of diversity in the current cultural milieu in Australia needs to consider this hegemony as expressed in a commonality of beliefs, values and practices regardless of expressed affiliation, religious or not. Understanding diversity in this framework establishes a basis for better considering what a dialogical approach to religious education would involve. A dialogical approach to religious education is taken as a settled norm and not one that is heavily contested. A number of the implications of the proposed understanding of diversity for religious education are given. These include following a Vygotskian scaffolded approach to pedagogy and seeing an important place for the articulation of the home religious tradition.
本文试图利用一系列概念性视角加深对宗教多元性的理解,进而为天主教学校宗教教育的对话方式提出一些启示。虽然直到最近,在澳大利亚和其他地方,被视为传统宗教归属的宗教信仰确实有所削弱,但这并不一定会导致宗教信仰、习俗和价值观的多元化。按照史密斯、英格尔哈特等人的观点,现在出现的是一种占主导地位的文化霸权,这种文化霸权具有一系列特征,但与本文讨论最相关的是超越性要求的丧失,以及随之而来的对与曾经占主导地位的宗教团体相关的叙事的了解和认同的减少。要理解澳大利亚当前文化环境中的多样性,就必须考虑到这种霸权所表现出来的信仰、价值观和习俗的共性,而不论其是否具有宗教信仰。在这一框架下理解多样性,可以为更好地考虑以对话方式开展宗教教育奠定基础。以对话方式开展宗教教育被视为一种既定的准则,而不是一种备受争议的准则。对多样性的拟议理解对宗教教育产生了一些影响。其中包括采用维果茨基的支架式教学法,并认为家庭宗教传统的阐述具有重要地位。
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引用次数: 0
Belief in Religion or Participation in Insurance? The Impact of Religious Beliefs on the Decision to Participate in Social Health Insurance in China 信仰宗教还是参加保险?宗教信仰对中国社会医疗保险参保决策的影响
IF 0.8 3区 哲学 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2024-05-17 DOI: 10.3390/rel15050621
Mengran Chai, Lin Wu
Investigating the factors that influence individual decisions to participate in social health insurance is an essential component of constructing a multi-tiered, comprehensive social health insurance system, and religious beliefs may constitute an important potential factor. Utilising data from the China General Social Survey (CGSS), this study has developed a comprehensive explanatory framework encompassing both macro- and micro-level analyses to ascertain the impact of religious beliefs on individual decisions to participate in social health insurance through quantitative methods. The findings indicate that religious beliefs significantly diminish the likelihood of individuals participating in social health insurance, and the influence varies among different types of religions; endogeneity and robustness tests offer robust support for these conclusions. With respect to heterogeneity, the influence of religious beliefs on the decision to participate in social health insurance exhibits differentiation across dimensions such as educational attainment, social trust levels, income levels, and self-rated health statuses. Furthermore, the social interaction effect and the employment opportunity effect are identified as potential mechanisms driving this influence.
调查影响个人参加社会医疗保险决策的因素是构建多层次、综合性社会医疗保险体系的重要组成部分,而宗教信仰可能是一个重要的潜在因素。本研究利用中国社会综合调查(CGSS)的数据,建立了一个包括宏观和微观分析的综合解释框架,通过定量方法来确定宗教信仰对个人参加社会医疗保险决策的影响。研究结果表明,宗教信仰大大降低了个人参加社会医疗保险的可能性,而且不同类型宗教的影响也不尽相同;内生性和稳健性检验为这些结论提供了有力的支持。在异质性方面,宗教信仰对参加社会医疗保险决定的影响在教育程度、社会信任度、收入水平和自评健康状况等维度上表现出差异。此外,社会互动效应和就业机会效应也被认为是这种影响的潜在驱动机制。
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引用次数: 0
Connecting to Resilience, Hope, and Spirituality through a Narrative Therapy and Narrative Medicine Creative Writing Group for People Affected by Cancer 通过针对癌症患者的叙事疗法和叙事医学创意写作小组,连接复原力、希望和灵性
IF 0.8 3区 哲学 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2024-05-16 DOI: 10.3390/rel15050612
Laura Béres, Leah Getchell, Amandi Perera
In this article, the authors will describe a creative writing therapeutic group program they developed based on narrative therapy and narrative medicine principles. This was a Social Science and Humanities Research Council—Partnership Engagement Grant funded project, the aim of which was to develop a facilitator’s manual for people interested in offering this group, titled “Journey through Words”. The link to the agency partner’s website, where the manual is available, is provided. The group program is structured over 6 weeks and includes a writing prompt each week, focusing on the storyline of resilience rather than the storyline of diagnosis or disease. Using a narrative inquiry approach, the facilitators kept brief field notes following group meetings. These field notes indicate that although spirituality was not planned as an identified focus of the program, due to the space narrative therapy provides for people to describe their values, preferences, and hopes during hardship, the experience of the group was that members shared reflections which were deeply spiritual in nature.
在本文中,作者将介绍他们根据叙事疗法和叙事医学原则开发的一项创意写作治疗小组计划。这是一个由社会科学与人文研究理事会-合作伙伴参与资助金资助的项目,其目的是为有兴趣开展这一名为 "文字之旅 "的小组活动的人编写一本指导手册。我们提供了机构合作伙伴网站的链接,该网站上有该手册。该小组计划为期 6 周,每周都有一个写作提示,重点是复原力的故事情节,而不是诊断或疾病的故事情节。采用叙事探究法,主持人在小组会议后做了简短的现场记录。这些实地记录表明,尽管精神层面并没有被计划作为该计划的一个确定重点,但由于叙事疗法为人们提供了描述其价值观、偏好以及在艰难困苦中的希望的空间,该小组的经验是,成员们分享的思考具有深刻的精神本质。
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引用次数: 0
From Crossroads to Holistic Impact: Charting a Praxical Course for Transforming Theological Education in Africa 从十字路口到整体影响:为非洲神学教育改革规划实践路线
IF 0.8 3区 哲学 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2024-05-16 DOI: 10.3390/rel15050614
Barnabé Anzuruni Msabah
Theological education in Africa is currently at a crossroads and requires a thorough re-evaluation. The framework for teaching and learning introduced by missionaries during colonial times, which often prioritized Western perspectives and ignored indigenous African contexts, does not adequately address the complex issues and needs of African communities today. As a result, the impact of theological practice lacks both relevance and sustainability within grassroots communities. There is therefore a need for a theological framework that is more relevant, contextual, and responsive to the realities and aspirations of African people in the present context. This article advocates for the decolonization of theological education for a praxical approach rooted in lived experiences. It is essential to firmly anchor theological reflection and action in African traditions in order to effectively address contextual issues. This calls for action beyond academic reform towards meeting the pressing needs of the population. This article sheds light on the inadequacies of the colonial framework within theological education, serving as crucial indicators for holistic and sustainable transformation within the field. Case studies drawn from theological institutions, and local churches from selected countries in East, Central and Southern Africa provide nuanced insights into the importance of this transformative process.
非洲的神学教育目前正处于十字路口,需要进行彻底的重新评估。传教士在殖民地时期引入的教学框架往往优先考虑西方视角,忽视非洲本土情况,无法充分解决当今非洲社区的复杂问题和需求。因此,神学实践的影响在基层社区缺乏相关性和可持续性。因此,有必要建立一个更切合实际、更符合背景、更能满足非洲人民在当前背景下的现实和愿望的神学框架。本文倡导神学教育的非殖民化,提倡植根于生活经验的实践方法。必须将神学反思和行动牢牢扎根于非洲传统,以有效解决背景问题。这就要求在学术改革之外采取行动,以满足人民的迫切需要。本文揭示了神学教育中殖民主义框架的不足之处,为该领域的全面和可持续转型提供了重要指标。从东部、中部和南部非洲部分国家的神学机构和地方教会中选取的案例研究,为这一转型过程的重要性提供了细致入微的见解。
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引用次数: 0
Schēma: A Semantic Puzzle—Some Hermeneutical and Translational Difficulties about Philippians 2:7d Schēma:语义之谜--关于《腓立比书》2:7d 的一些诠释和翻译难题
IF 0.8 3区 哲学 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2024-05-16 DOI: 10.3390/rel15050613
Teresa Bartolomei
The occurrence of the term σχήμα in Phil 2:7d is analyzed in comparison with two other crucial Pauline occurrences: 1 Cor 7:31 and Phil 3:21 (here as a semanteme included in the verb μετασχηματίσει). This comparative study aims to provide a revision of the current interpretation of the word as designating the outward, sensory, accidental appearance in which Christ’s human nature was manifested to those who dealt with him. This traditional reconstruction is unsatisfactory in two respects: (1) it is tributary to a substantialist ontology that identifies corporeality as a mere spatial extension, unrelated to historicity and (2) it is fraught with highly problematic theological, potentially docetic, implications. As an alternative, the term σχήμα is here interpreted within the framework of the great Pauline theology of history: as a temporal–eschatological marker designating the peculiar temporal state of transience and suffering corruptibility inherent in physicality and corporeal life. This change also clarifies the conceptual articulation of σχήμα with the parallel expression μορφὴν δούλου. According to this interpretation, contrary to the prevailing view, the locution “slave form” does not designate ‘the’ or ‘one’ ‘human form’ but the ‘creature form’, as cosmic submission to temporal finitude.
我们将腓 2:7d 中出现的σχήμα 一词与保罗书中出现的另外两个关键词语进行比较分析:林前 7:31 和腓 3:21(此处作为动词 μετασχηματίσει 中的一个语素)。这一比较研究旨在修正目前对该词的解释,即指基督的人性在与他打交道的人面前显现出来的外在的、感官的、偶然的外表。这种传统的重构在两个方面不能令人满意:(1) 它从属于实体主义本体论,认为肉身只是空间的延伸,与历史性无关;(2) 它充满了问题重重的神学含义,可能是道教的含义。作为一种替代方案,σχήμα 一词在此被解释为伟大的保罗历史神学框架内的一个时间-末世论标记,指代肉体和肉体生命中固有的短暂性和苦难可朽性的特殊时间状态。这一变化也澄清了 σχήμα 与 μορφὴν δούλου 之间的概念衔接。根据这种解释,与普遍的观点相反,"奴隶形式 "并不是指 "人的形式 "或 "一种""人的形式",而是指 "生物的形式",是宇宙对时间有限性的服从。
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引用次数: 0
Social Media and the Spiritual Journey: The Place of Digital Technology in Enriching the Experience 社交媒体与精神之旅:数字技术在丰富体验中的作用
IF 0.8 3区 哲学 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2024-05-16 DOI: 10.3390/rel15050616
T. Hussain, Dake Wang
This qualitative study explores the utilization of social media among Pakistani pilgrims during spiritual journeys and investigates its impact on their pilgrimage experiences. Thirty Pakistani pilgrims who had embarked on spiritual journeys to various religious sites were interviewed using semi-structured interviews. Thematic analysis was employed to analyze the interview transcripts, revealing five main stages of social media usage: pre-trip preparation, real-time updates and guidance, community building and support, sharing experiences and insights, and post-trip reflection and engagement. At each stage, social media played diverse roles, including providing information and support, fostering connections with fellow pilgrims, sharing personal experiences, and facilitating spiritual dialogue. This explorative study underscores the significance of social media in enhancing the pilgrimage experience for Pakistani pilgrims, serving as a valuable tool for information dissemination, community building, spiritual support, and personal reflection throughout the pilgrimage journey. The findings contribute to a deeper understanding of how social media shapes pilgrims’ experiences and fosters their spiritual growth, emphasizing the need for further research to explore the nuanced dynamics of social media usage in the context of pilgrimage. Overall, this study sheds light on the unique role of social media in the spiritual journeys of Pakistani pilgrims and highlights its implications for pilgrimage practices and the broader discourse on religious tourism.
本定性研究探讨了巴基斯坦朝圣者在精神之旅期间对社交媒体的使用情况,并调查了社交媒体对他们朝圣经历的影响。研究人员采用半结构化访谈的方式,采访了 30 位曾前往不同宗教场所朝圣的巴基斯坦朝圣者。访谈记录采用了主题分析法,揭示了社交媒体使用的五个主要阶段:行前准备、实时更新和指导、社区建设和支持、分享经验和见解以及行后反思和参与。在每个阶段,社交媒体都发挥着不同的作用,包括提供信息和支持、促进与朝圣者的联系、分享个人经历以及促进心灵对话。这项探索性研究强调了社交媒体在提升巴基斯坦朝圣者朝圣体验方面的重要作用,它在整个朝圣之旅中充当了信息传播、社区建设、精神支持和个人反思的宝贵工具。研究结果有助于更深入地了解社交媒体如何塑造朝圣者的经历并促进他们的精神成长,同时强调了进一步研究的必要性,以探索朝圣背景下社交媒体使用的微妙动态。总之,本研究揭示了社交媒体在巴基斯坦朝圣者精神旅程中的独特作用,并强调了其对朝圣实践和更广泛的宗教旅游讨论的影响。
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引用次数: 0
Evolution, Evil, Co-Creation and the Value of the World 进化、邪恶、共创和世界的价值
IF 0.8 3区 哲学 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2024-05-16 DOI: 10.3390/rel15050615
Robin Attfield
This article builds on and supplements an earlier one in this journal about theodicy. It focuses on species extinctions and on the possible role of humanity as fallible co-creators. Christopher Southgate has suggested that co-creators might shoulder the task of curtailing extinctions. In appraising this view, I distinguish between extinctions resulting from evolution, which humans have limited power to reverse, but which are held to be indispensable for the evolution of complexity, consciousness and self-consciousness, and those caused by humanity itself, which humans should reduce, even if they cannot be halted. Human creativity, however, extends further to the development of skills, trades, the arts and literature. Church Fathers, such as Ambrose, Theodoret and Cosmas Indicopleustes, held that God left the creation incomplete so that humanity could enhance it; certainly, human creativity has introduced agriculture, navigation, technology and culture, adding to the value of the world. Granted belief in creation, this can be understood as co-creation. Granted the value that humanity continues to add to the world, the belief that such creativity flows from the creator’s overall plan emerges as a coherent one.
本文是对本刊早前一篇关于神论的文章的补充和完善。文章的重点是物种灭绝以及人类作为可错的共同创造者可能扮演的角色。克里斯托弗-索斯盖特(Christopher Southgate)提出,共同创造者可能肩负着遏制物种灭绝的任务。在评价这一观点时,我将进化导致的物种灭绝与人类自身导致的物种灭绝区分开来,前者人类扭转的能力有限,但被认为是复杂性、意识和自我意识进化所不可或缺的;后者则是人类应该减少的,即使无法阻止。然而,人类的创造力还延伸到技能、行业、艺术和文学的发展。教父们,如安布鲁斯(Ambrose)、狄奥多雷特(Theodoret)和科斯马斯-因迪科普勒斯(Cosmas Indicopleustes),都认为上帝留下了不完整的造物,以便人类能够加以完善;当然,人类的创造力引入了农业、航海、技术和文化,增加了世界的价值。如果相信创造,这可以理解为共同创造。如果人类继续为世界增添价值,那么这种创造力来自造物主总体规划的信念就会成为一种连贯的信念。
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引用次数: 0
“I Thought It Was Beautiful; I Just Wish I Could Understand It”: The Awkward Dance of Multilingual Worship "我觉得它很美;我只希望我能听懂它":多语言崇拜的尴尬之舞
IF 0.8 3区 哲学 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2024-05-16 DOI: 10.3390/rel15050611
Marcell Silva Steuernagel
This article explores strategies for planning and leading multilingual worship. It offers an overview of translation and multilingualism for readers unfamiliar with the growing body of scholarship in these fields and connects them to the role of translation and multilingualism in Christian worship, leveraging decolonial perspectives to critique its history. This article draws from a data set of approximately 40 liturgies designed for the Course of Study School of the United Methodist Church at Perkins School of Theology, Southern Methodist University. It uses selections from these liturgies to demonstrate how issues of translation and multilingualism might be dealt with in worship planning and leadership. Finally, the article points to possibilities for further exploration at the intersection between Christian worship and multilingualism.
本文探讨了规划和引导多语言崇拜的策略。文章为不熟悉这些领域日益增长的学术成果的读者提供了翻译和多语言主义的概述,并将其与翻译和多语言主义在基督教崇拜中的作用联系起来,利用非殖民化视角对其历史进行了批判。本文从为南卫理公会大学帕金斯神学院的联合卫理公会教会课程研究学校设计的约 40 篇礼仪中汲取资料。文章从这些礼仪中选取部分内容,展示了如何在崇拜规划和领导中处理翻译和多语言问题。最后,文章指出了进一步探讨基督教崇拜与多语言之间的交叉点的可能性。
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引用次数: 0
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Religions
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