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A Contemporary Aristotelian–Thomistic Perspective on the Evolutionary View of Reality and Theistic Evolution 从当代亚里士多德-通神论视角看现实进化论和有神论进化论
IF 0.8 3区 哲学 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2024-04-24 DOI: 10.3390/rel15050524
Mariusz Tabaczek
This article presents a coherent and comprehensive proposal of a renewed contemporary Aristotelian–Thomistic approach to the evolutionary view of reality and the position of theistic evolution. Beginning with a proposal of a hylomorphically–grounded essentialist definition of species—framed within a broader revival of biological essentialism—a constructive model of the Aristotelian–Thomistic metaphysics of evolution is being offered, together with a reflection on the alleged violation of the principle of proportionate causation in evolutionary transitions and the role of teleology and chance in evolution. The theological part of the article addresses a number of questions concerning the Thomistic school of theology in its encounter with the evolutionary worldview, including the question of whether God creates through evolution, the query concerning the concurrence of divine and created causes in evolutionary transitions, and the question regarding evolutionary and theological notions of anthropogenesis. A list of ten postulates grounding a contemporary Thomistic version of theistic evolution is offered as a conclusion to the research presented in the text.
本文就当代亚里士多德-托马斯进化论对现实的看法和有神论进化论的立场提出了一个连贯而全面的新建议。文章首先提出了一个以hylomorphically为基础的物种本质论定义--以生物本质论的更广泛复兴为框架--亚里士多德-托马斯进化论形而上学的建设性模型,并对进化过渡中违反比例因果关系原则的指控以及目的论和偶然性在进化中的作用进行了反思。文章的神学部分探讨了托马斯神学派与进化论世界观相遇时的一些问题,包括上帝是否通过进化论创造人的问题、关于进化过渡中神因与受造物因同时存在的疑问,以及关于进化论和神学中的人类起源概念的问题。文中提出了十个假设,作为当代托马斯进化论版本的基础,作为研究的结论。
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引用次数: 0
The Role of Black Christian Beliefs in the Civil Rights Movement: A Paradigm for a Better Understanding of Religious Freedom 黑人基督教信仰在民权运动中的作用:更好地理解宗教自由的范例
IF 0.8 3区 哲学 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2024-04-24 DOI: 10.3390/rel15050527
Darryl Dejuan Roberts
This paper builds upon and extends Christian and legal scholarship on the civil rights movement by illuminating a climate of religious freedom that served as a catalyst for and was integral to the success of the spirited activism of the civil rights movement. To date, scholars have not extensively considered how the expansion of religious freedom in church and state jurisprudence both directly and indirectly created a climate that contributed to the success of the CRM, and how advancements in civil rights impacted the broader revolution occurring in constitutional rights. The climate of religious freedom included court support for evangelizing in residentially exclusive areas, exemptions for conscientious opposers from participating in oath swearing and other ceremonies, and exemptions from other general laws that unduly inhibited the free exercise of religious rights.
本文通过阐明宗教自由对民权运动的推动作用以及对民权运动的成功不可或缺的作用,对有关民权运动的基督教和法律学术研究进行了拓展和延伸。迄今为止,学者们还没有广泛地考虑过在教会与国家法学中扩大宗教自由是如何直接和间接地营造了一种氛围,从而促进了民权运动的成功,以及民权的进步是如何影响到宪法权利方面正在发生的更广泛的革命的。宗教自由的氛围包括法院支持在居民专属区传教,豁免出于良心反对者参加宣誓和其他仪式,以及豁免其他不适当地抑制自由行使宗教权利的一般法律。
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引用次数: 0
Buddhist Cultural Exchange between Paekche and Ancient Japan: A Comparative Analysis of the Archaeological Remains from the Wooden Pagoda Site at Asukadera and Śarīra Reliquaries from Paekche Temple Sites 百济与古代日本的佛教文化交流:阿须卡寺木塔遗址出土文物与百济寺遗址出土的Śarīra遗物的对比分析
IF 0.8 3区 哲学 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2024-04-24 DOI: 10.3390/rel15050523
Byongho Lee, Isahaya Naoto
This article provides a critical review of the results of the Asuka Historical Museum’s excavation of the Asukadera wooden pagoda site in Japan since 2015, and its implications for Buddhist cultural exchange in East Asia. The second section examines the Asuka Historical Museum’s categorization and scientific analysis of the beads, pearls, horse gear, earrings, gold and silver artifacts, mica, and śarīra containers. We assert that most objects excavated from the Asukadera wooden pagoda site are relics from the Asuka era (538–710), when the pagoda was first established in 593, and only a limited number of artifacts, such as the śarīra [relics] container, were added after the wooden pagoda was burned down in 1196. The third section compares the archeological remains from the Asukadera wooden pagoda site and the reliquary objects from the Paekche Wanghŭng-sa site (577) and Mirŭk-sa site (639), which have been conventionally considered to be its models. What the relics from these three historical sites have in common is that they include clothing accessories nobles wore as they participated in the Buddhist rituals of enshrining the śarīra in a wooden pagoda. However, some differences in the metallic craft items, such as crowns and belts, were still found between Paekche and Japan, which was due to the difference in costume styles in the respective countries at the time. Also, horse gear and lamellar armor unearthed from Asukadera sites was not found in Paekche temple sites, but is similar to earlier Japanese kofun (megalithic tumuli) grave goods, which provides evidence that as Buddhism was transferred to Japan from Paekche, it was not accepted in completely the same form.
本文对 2015 年以来日本飞鸟历史博物馆对飞鸟寺木塔遗址的发掘成果及其对东亚佛教文化交流的影响进行了批判性评述。第二部分研究了飞鸟历史博物馆对佛珠、珍珠、马具、耳环、金银器、云母和śarīra容器的分类和科学分析。我们断言,从旭迦寺木塔遗址出土的大部分文物都是 593 年建塔之初的飞鸟时代(538-710 年)的遗物,只有少量文物(如舍利容器)是在 1196 年木塔被烧毁后添加的。第三部分比较了阿苏卡寺木塔遗址的考古遗存和百济王城寺遗址(577 年)和密律寺遗址(639 年)的舍利。这三处遗址出土文物的共同点是贵族们在参加木塔供奉舍利的佛教仪式时所穿戴的服饰配件,但由于当时两国的服饰风格不同,百济与日本在冠带等金属工艺品方面仍存在一些差异。此外,在 Asukadera 遗址出土的马具和薄片铠甲在百济寺庙遗址中也未发现,但与日本早期的巨石墓(kofun)墓葬物品相似,这证明佛教从百济传入日本后,并没有以完全相同的形式被接受。
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引用次数: 0
Intellectual Humility and the Argument from Evil: A Reply to Zain Ali 知识分子的谦逊与邪恶论证:对扎因-阿里的答复
IF 0.8 3区 哲学 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2024-04-23 DOI: 10.3390/rel15050522
John Bishop, Ken Perszyk
This is a response to Zain Ali’s critique in this journal of our presentation of a ‘right relationship’ normatively relativised ‘logical’ Argument from Evil. Our argument aims to show that the existence of horrendous evils (as defined by Marilyn Adams) is incompatible with the existence of the personal omniGod (a person or personal being who is all-powerful, all-knowing, and perfectly good), given certain reasonable judgments about what a personal God’s perfect goodness would imply about the way God relates to those caught up in horrendous evils. We reply to Ali’s main criticism that our assumptions about divine goodness are unjustified, and show a lack of intellectual humility. We defend the claim that, if God is a person, then God’s goodness is moral goodness according to our best human theory of what that implies. We accept that God’s situation as creator and sustainer of all that exists may justify ‘divine exceptionalism’: God’s personal moral goodness may be consistent with ways of relating to others that would fall far short of perfection in human-to-human relationships. But in that case, we argue, intellectual humility may be better served by accepting that God is so exceptional that God should not be understood as a person at all, which is the prevailing Muslim view, as Ali himself acknowledges.
本文是对扎因-阿里在本刊上批评我们提出的 "正确关系 "规范相对化 "逻辑 "论证的回应。我们的论证旨在表明,鉴于我们对上帝的完美善性意味着上帝与那些陷入可怕罪恶的人之间的关系做出了某些合理的判断,可怕罪恶(如玛丽莲-亚当斯所定义的那样)的存在与人格全能神(全能、全知、全善的人或人格存在)的存在是不相容的。阿里的主要批评是,我们对上帝之善的假设是没有道理的,表现出了知识分子的不谦虚,对此我们做出了回应。我们辩解说,如果上帝是一个人,那么根据我们人类对其含义的最佳理论,上帝的善就是道德上的善。我们承认,上帝作为万物的创造者和维系者,其处境可能证明 "神圣例外论 "是正确的:上帝个人的道德之善可能与与他人相处的方式相一致,而在人与人的关系中,这种方式远远达不到完美的程度。但我们认为,在这种情况下,知识分子的谦逊可能更有利于接受这样的观点,即上帝是如此出类拔萃,以至于根本不应该把上帝理解为一个人,这也是穆斯林的主流观点,阿里本人也承认这一点。
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引用次数: 0
Football Disasters and Pilgrimage: Commemoration through Religious and Non-Religious Ritual and Materiality 足球灾难与朝圣:通过宗教和非宗教仪式与物质进行纪念
IF 0.8 3区 哲学 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2024-04-23 DOI: 10.3390/rel15050518
John Eade
Although the relationship between religion and football has gained considerable interest during the last twenty years, scant attention has been paid to the relationship between pilgrimage and football. This paper seeks to advance the study of this relationship through an exploration of collective memory about football disasters that throws fresh light on central themes within pilgrimage studies—pilgrimage as both a journey to a sacred place and the performance of diverse rituals at such places. The paper explores, in particular, the ways in which three different tragedies involving English football clubs have been commemorated through journeys to and ritual performance at places seen as sacred to those involved in commemoration—football stadiums and urban spaces, and cathedrals and pilgrimage shrines in England, Germany and Italy. Through this analysis, we seek to show how the commemoration of football disaster is linked to pilgrimage as a process where people seek healing and reconciliation through the public performance of rituals that link the local to the global.
尽管宗教与足球之间的关系在过去二十年中引起了广泛关注,但朝圣与足球之间的关系却鲜有人问津。本文试图通过探讨有关足球灾难的集体记忆来推动对这种关系的研究,从而为朝圣研究的核心主题--朝圣既是前往圣地的旅程,也是在圣地举行的各种仪式--带来新的启示。本文特别探讨了英格兰、德国和意大利的足球场、城市空间、大教堂和朝圣圣地等被参与纪念活动的人们视为圣地的地方如何通过朝圣之旅和仪式表演来纪念涉及英格兰足球俱乐部的三起不同悲剧。通过分析,我们试图说明足球灾难纪念活动是如何与朝圣活动联系在一起的,在朝圣活动中,人们通过公开举行仪式,将当地与全球联系起来,寻求治愈与和解。
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引用次数: 0
The Great Web of Being: Environmental Ethics without Value Hierarchy 存在的大网没有价值等级的环境伦理学
IF 0.8 3区 哲学 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2024-04-23 DOI: 10.3390/rel15050520
Ryan Darr
Hierarchical views of the world such as the great chain of being have come under sustained critique in recent decades, and rightly so. They have justified not only the domination of non-human creatures but also the devaluation (via animalization/racialization) of many humans. The rejection of hierarchy and the great chain of being, however, does not require the rejection of the Christian Platonic theological vision upon which hierarchy is often based. In this paper, I argue that Christian Platonic theology has always been in tension with the great chain of being and is better suited to a non-hierarchical view of creaturely value. I then develop the ethical implications of this view in dialogue with both environmental and animal ethics and anti-racist and decolonial scholarship.
近几十年来,诸如 "存在的大链条 "之类的等级世界观受到了持续的批判,这也是理所当然的。它们不仅为统治非人类生物提供了理由,也为贬低(通过动物化/种族化)许多人类提供了理由。然而,反对等级制度和存在的大链条并不要求反对基督教柏拉图式的神学观点,等级制度往往是建立在这一观点之上的。在本文中,我认为基督教柏拉图神学一直与存在的大链条存在着紧张关系,更适合于对生物价值的非等级观念。然后,我在与环境和动物伦理学以及反种族主义和去殖民主义学术的对话中阐释了这一观点的伦理意义。
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引用次数: 0
The Evangelical Aim in the History of the Great and Mighty Kingdom of China by Juan González de Mendoza, a 16th Century European Work on China 胡安-冈萨雷斯-德-门多萨所著《伟大而强大的中国王国史》中的福音派目标,16 世纪欧洲研究中国的著作
IF 0.8 3区 哲学 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2024-04-23 DOI: 10.3390/rel15050517
Bo Gao
For over five centuries, the History of the Great and Mighty Kingdom of China, written by Spanish missionary Juan González de Mendoza and published in 1585 in Rome, has captured the interest of the international academic community. However, scholarship has primarily focused on Mendoza’s depiction of China as rich and powerful, potentially overlooking the evangelical purpose of his narrative and failing to explain the correlation between the positive Chinese image and the author’s evangelical intention. This study aims to clarify the image of China presented by the Spanish author through a detailed textual analysis, concluding that Mendoza portrayed China as a rich and great nation that also had misguided beliefs and was open to evangelization. The Spanish author’s identity as an Augustinian preacher and ambassador of King Philip II of Spain to the Ming dynasty of China, as well as the global and evangelistic social context in which he lived, significantly influenced his perceptions of China. Furthermore, his hybrid profile of China was accepted in Europe at the time and became a collective memory because it embodied the spiritual context shared by the European community in the 16th century. This spiritual purpose was achieved through the idealized imagination, which serves as an affective medium in the formation of collective memory.
五个多世纪以来,由西班牙传教士胡安-冈萨雷斯-德-门多萨(Juan González de Mendoza)撰写并于 1585 年在罗马出版的《伟大而强大的中国王国史》一直吸引着国际学术界的兴趣。然而,学术界主要关注门多萨对中国富强的描述,可能忽略了其叙述的福音目的,也未能解释正面中国形象与作者福音意图之间的关联。本研究旨在通过详细的文本分析,澄清西班牙作者所展现的中国形象,并得出结论:门多萨将中国描绘成一个富饶而伟大的国家,但同时也存在错误的信仰,并愿意接受福音传播。西班牙作家作为奥古斯丁派传教士和西班牙国王腓力二世驻中国明朝大使的身份,以及他所处的全球化和福音化的社会背景,在很大程度上影响了他对中国的看法。此外,他对中国的混合描述被当时的欧洲所接受,并成为一种集体记忆,因为它体现了 16 世纪欧洲社会共同的精神背景。这种精神目的是通过理想化的想象实现的,而理想化的想象是形成集体记忆的情感媒介。
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引用次数: 0
Decolonizing the Gospel of Love in Africa 在非洲实现爱的福音非殖民化
IF 0.8 3区 哲学 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2024-04-23 DOI: 10.3390/rel15050519
William I. Orbih
The violence of missionary agents on Africans contradicted the gospel of Christ’s redemptive love, which they preached. In response to the contemporary manifestations of the violence and dehumanization of “colonial love”, this article proposes the decolonization of the gospel of love, both as theological hermeneutic and a moral imperative in the African Church. In the parable of the Good Samaritan, Jesus commands us to recognize every human being as a neighbor. Within a colonial context, this means rejecting the dualistic logic of colonial love, its segregation, dehumanization, and violence.
传教士对非洲人的暴力行为与他们所宣扬的基督救赎之爱的福音相矛盾。针对 "殖民之爱 "的暴力和非人化在当代的表现形式,本文提出了爱的福音的非殖民化,这既是非洲教会的神学诠释,也是其道德使命。在好撒玛利亚人的比喻中,耶稣命令我们承认每个人都是邻居。在殖民背景下,这意味着摒弃殖民之爱的二元逻辑、隔离、非人化和暴力。
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引用次数: 0
Wanwuyiti and Finding God in All Things: A Comparative Study between Neo-Confucian Self-Cultivation and Ignatian Spirituality 万物有灵与万物有神:新儒家自我修养与伊格内特灵修的比较研究
IF 0.8 3区 哲学 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2024-04-23 DOI: 10.3390/rel15050521
A. Y. Fu
It seems that the early Jesuits misinterpreted the key Neo-Confucian terms taiji/li from an Aristotelian perspective in the seventeenth century, thereby leading to a dialogical failure in their initial encounter with Neo-Confucian tradition. What necessitates interreligious dialogue today is a pluralistic stance that deems all religious quests worthy in their own context. Therefore, this paper renews the dialogue between two spiritual traditions, long overdue, by reading two representative texts, side by side, from each tradition on self-cultivation: Reflections on Things at Hand (twelfth century) and The Spiritual Exercises (sixteenth century). The comparison showcases that the notion of “wanwuyiti”, a concomitant of the Confucian ren, is tantamount to a religious imperative for human ethical engagements, and the Ignatian axiom “Finding God in All Things” energizes a spiritual self-transformation to forge an intimate bond with God and the world. While Neo-Confucian cultivation focuses on the removal of desires, seeking to maintain “equilibrium” and “centrality”, the Ignatian exercises foreground commitment to “discernment” and “indifference”. The Neo-Confucians address human and worldly affairs in a procedural manner, with ever-broadening horizons, to establish an orderly society. In contrast, the Ignatian self is directed toward an orderly life to serve, love, and bring ever more to God’s Divine Majesty.
早期耶稣会士似乎在十七世纪从亚里士多德的角度曲解了新儒学的关键术语 "太极"/"理",从而导致了他们与新儒学传统最初相遇时对话的失败。今天,宗教间对话需要的是一种多元立场,即认为所有宗教的追求都有其自身的价值。因此,本文通过并列阅读两个传统中关于自我修养的代表性文本,重启两个精神传统之间早该进行的对话:反思手头的事情》(十二世纪)和《心灵修炼》(十六世纪)。通过比较,我们发现儒家 "仁 "的 "万物有灵 "概念等同于人类伦理参与的宗教要求,而伊格纳提 "在万物中寻找上帝 "的公理则激发了一种精神上的自我变革,以建立与上帝和世界的亲密联系。新儒家的修养侧重于去除欲望,寻求保持 "平衡 "和 "中心",而伊格纳提的修养则强调致力于 "明辨 "和 "淡泊"。新儒家以程序化的方式处理人情世故,视野不断拓宽,以建立一个有序的社会。与此相反,伊格纳图式的自我则是以有序的生活为导向,服务、爱护并不断为上帝的神性带来更多。
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引用次数: 0
Context and Liturgical Renewal: An Approach from Cuba 背景与礼仪革新:来自古巴的方法
IF 0.8 3区 哲学 Q1 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2024-04-22 DOI: 10.3390/rel15040515
Amós López Rubio
This article aims to share the experience of the renewal of congregational singing in Cuban churches since the 1960s as a testimony to the links that exist between liturgical renewal and theological renewal with a special focus on the dialogue between culture and social reality, particularly in light of the Cuban Revolution of 1959, as constitutive of this renewal.
本文旨在分享自二十世纪六十年代以来古巴教会复兴会众唱诗班的经验,以此证明礼仪复兴与神学复兴之间存在的联系,并特别关注文化与社会现实之间的对话,尤其是考虑到 1959 年古巴革命是这一复兴的组成部分。
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引用次数: 0
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