Pub Date : 2022-08-28DOI: 10.1080/09715010.2022.2115320
K.Vimala Kumar, R. Saini
ABSTRACT Energy has played a significant role in developing civilization, but the continuous use of fossil fuels has hampered the environment. Hydropower is the alternative to fossil fuels. But most of the hydropower plants in hilly areas suffer from silt erosion problems. Erosion of underwater parts creates vibration and noise and reduces machine efficiency. Therefore, online monitoring of turbines and other equipment is necessary to minimize losses due to erosion and part-load operation. Various studies are reported in the literature and found that correlation-based machine efficiency monitoring is one of the popular techniques. ANN method is useful for system modeling with a wide range of applications. However, despite the excellent classification capacities, its development can be time-consuming, computer-intensive, and prone to overfitting. In this paper, an Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Interface System (ANFIS) has been utilized to develop a correlation that removes the drawbacks of ANN and can predict the efficiency of the machine with an R2-value of 0. 99,976 having a Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE) of 0.0108% at 0.06482% Root Mean Square Percentage Error (RMSPE).
{"title":"Adaptive neuro-fuzzy interface system based performance monitoring technique for hydropower plants","authors":"K.Vimala Kumar, R. Saini","doi":"10.1080/09715010.2022.2115320","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09715010.2022.2115320","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Energy has played a significant role in developing civilization, but the continuous use of fossil fuels has hampered the environment. Hydropower is the alternative to fossil fuels. But most of the hydropower plants in hilly areas suffer from silt erosion problems. Erosion of underwater parts creates vibration and noise and reduces machine efficiency. Therefore, online monitoring of turbines and other equipment is necessary to minimize losses due to erosion and part-load operation. Various studies are reported in the literature and found that correlation-based machine efficiency monitoring is one of the popular techniques. ANN method is useful for system modeling with a wide range of applications. However, despite the excellent classification capacities, its development can be time-consuming, computer-intensive, and prone to overfitting. In this paper, an Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Interface System (ANFIS) has been utilized to develop a correlation that removes the drawbacks of ANN and can predict the efficiency of the machine with an R2-value of 0. 99,976 having a Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE) of 0.0108% at 0.06482% Root Mean Square Percentage Error (RMSPE).","PeriodicalId":38206,"journal":{"name":"ISH Journal of Hydraulic Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83404450","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-03DOI: 10.1080/09715010.2022.2107880
U. Singh, P. Roy
ABSTRACT In the present study, experiments were conducted in the laboratory to investigate the effectiveness of perforated screens having triangular shape openings in dissipating the energy of supercritical flows. The porosity of the perforated screens was maintained at 45%. Experiments were conducted by placing the screens at an angle α (45°, 75°, 90°, 120°, and 135°) with the upstream direction of supercritical flow. Further, for each of the angular positions, the screens were used both in single and double layers. In the case of the double layer, the two screens were placed at a 2.5 cm gap. The supercritical flow when collided with the screen, a hydraulic jump was created in the immediate upstream of the screen. In all the experiments, the Froude number, F1 of the supercritical flow approaching the screen was varied from 3.16 to 19.26. The relative energy dissipation between the upstream and downstream of the screen was significantly larger than that due to the classical hydraulic jumps. Further, it was found that this relative energy loss varied non-linearly with respect to F1, but the variation was negligible due to screen angles α.
{"title":"Energy dissipation for supercritical flows by using screens with triangular shape openings","authors":"U. Singh, P. Roy","doi":"10.1080/09715010.2022.2107880","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09715010.2022.2107880","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT In the present study, experiments were conducted in the laboratory to investigate the effectiveness of perforated screens having triangular shape openings in dissipating the energy of supercritical flows. The porosity of the perforated screens was maintained at 45%. Experiments were conducted by placing the screens at an angle α (45°, 75°, 90°, 120°, and 135°) with the upstream direction of supercritical flow. Further, for each of the angular positions, the screens were used both in single and double layers. In the case of the double layer, the two screens were placed at a 2.5 cm gap. The supercritical flow when collided with the screen, a hydraulic jump was created in the immediate upstream of the screen. In all the experiments, the Froude number, F1 of the supercritical flow approaching the screen was varied from 3.16 to 19.26. The relative energy dissipation between the upstream and downstream of the screen was significantly larger than that due to the classical hydraulic jumps. Further, it was found that this relative energy loss varied non-linearly with respect to F1, but the variation was negligible due to screen angles α.","PeriodicalId":38206,"journal":{"name":"ISH Journal of Hydraulic Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77462861","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-02DOI: 10.1080/09715010.2022.2107881
Sadegh Derakhshan, H. Afzalimehr, Vijay Singh
ABSTRACT Aquatic vegetation and morphology are integral components of fluvial systems, study of which is important due to ecological and engineering projects. Often, studies in fluvial systems are carried out in the laboratory as collecting data in the field is expensive and difficult, and even risky. A field study was carried out to measure the hydraulic and geometric parameters of the bed and the banks of a gravel bed river with instream emergent vegetation in northern Iran. The aim of this study was to gain insight into the effect of bed forms and vegetation patches on flow resistance and distribution of velocity and bed shear stress. The boundary layer characteristics method was employed to calculate the shear velocity and friction factor, the resulted friction values are compared with that of Manning’s equation. The friction of bed forms was estimated using a linear superposition of friction. Results showed that the boundary layer characteristics method was suitable for calculating the shear velocity under various conditions, moreover, the distribution of velocity and bed shear stress were discussed. The findings of this study will be useful in river management and restoration.
{"title":"Bulk Flow Characteristics of a Gravel Bed River with Instream Emergent Vegetation","authors":"Sadegh Derakhshan, H. Afzalimehr, Vijay Singh","doi":"10.1080/09715010.2022.2107881","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09715010.2022.2107881","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Aquatic vegetation and morphology are integral components of fluvial systems, study of which is important due to ecological and engineering projects. Often, studies in fluvial systems are carried out in the laboratory as collecting data in the field is expensive and difficult, and even risky. A field study was carried out to measure the hydraulic and geometric parameters of the bed and the banks of a gravel bed river with instream emergent vegetation in northern Iran. The aim of this study was to gain insight into the effect of bed forms and vegetation patches on flow resistance and distribution of velocity and bed shear stress. The boundary layer characteristics method was employed to calculate the shear velocity and friction factor, the resulted friction values are compared with that of Manning’s equation. The friction of bed forms was estimated using a linear superposition of friction. Results showed that the boundary layer characteristics method was suitable for calculating the shear velocity under various conditions, moreover, the distribution of velocity and bed shear stress were discussed. The findings of this study will be useful in river management and restoration.","PeriodicalId":38206,"journal":{"name":"ISH Journal of Hydraulic Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81181500","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-02DOI: 10.1080/09715010.2022.2107879
Cristian Purece, V. Panaitescu
ABSTRACT One of the main methods used for determining the discharge of a high head hydropower plant equipped with a circular penstock is the current meter method. The article presents a simple, but safe way to increase the accuracy of discharge measurement by means of the current meter method based on a new methodology for location velocity measuring points in the measuring section of a circular conduit. The proposed methodology utilizes the interdependence between the admissible interpolation and the radial distribution of the measuring points for diminishing the coincidence error, adopting the interpolation law proposed by Winternitz for this goal, a law that is both simple and whose calculation error is low. At the same time, the new methodology envisages increasing the number of intervals the admissible interpolating function domain is divided into through the measuring point lay out in a circular measuring section along a spiral considering that the interpolation error is inversely proportional to this number of intervals.
{"title":"Current meter methodology for discharge measurement in circular pipe","authors":"Cristian Purece, V. Panaitescu","doi":"10.1080/09715010.2022.2107879","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09715010.2022.2107879","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT One of the main methods used for determining the discharge of a high head hydropower plant equipped with a circular penstock is the current meter method. The article presents a simple, but safe way to increase the accuracy of discharge measurement by means of the current meter method based on a new methodology for location velocity measuring points in the measuring section of a circular conduit. The proposed methodology utilizes the interdependence between the admissible interpolation and the radial distribution of the measuring points for diminishing the coincidence error, adopting the interpolation law proposed by Winternitz for this goal, a law that is both simple and whose calculation error is low. At the same time, the new methodology envisages increasing the number of intervals the admissible interpolating function domain is divided into through the measuring point lay out in a circular measuring section along a spiral considering that the interpolation error is inversely proportional to this number of intervals.","PeriodicalId":38206,"journal":{"name":"ISH Journal of Hydraulic Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78005647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-28DOI: 10.1080/09715010.2022.2104623
Akhila Padmajan, Rameeza Moideen, Manas Ranjan Behera
ABSTRACT Coastal structural damage has been a serious issue in the past decades due to changes in various ocean environmental parameters and increased frequency of extreme events. The present study focuses on the estimation of wave impact forces on typical deck structures at Indian port locations in a changing climate scenario. The effect of climate change has been investigated by applying the future ocean climate characteristics, such as future wave height conditions and sea-level rise by the year 2100 using RCP 4.5 scenario obtained from the recent studies. The numerical investigations were carried out by generating solitary waves in a numerical wave tank modelled using an open-source CFD model REEF3D. Comparison of peak wave impact force and pressure distribution due to climate change on a model and prototype deck structure in the elevated condition is carried out to investigate the scale effects. Overall, the study concluded that there is a significant change in both vertical and horizontal forces on coastal deck structures due to climate change, where the percentage change varies with varying airgaps and geographical locations. Investigation on prototype scale deck shows that the model scale overestimates the positive horizontal impact force to a larger extent than the vertical impact force.
{"title":"Numerical investigation of wave impact forces on coastal deck structures with girders along the West Coast of India in changing climate","authors":"Akhila Padmajan, Rameeza Moideen, Manas Ranjan Behera","doi":"10.1080/09715010.2022.2104623","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09715010.2022.2104623","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Coastal structural damage has been a serious issue in the past decades due to changes in various ocean environmental parameters and increased frequency of extreme events. The present study focuses on the estimation of wave impact forces on typical deck structures at Indian port locations in a changing climate scenario. The effect of climate change has been investigated by applying the future ocean climate characteristics, such as future wave height conditions and sea-level rise by the year 2100 using RCP 4.5 scenario obtained from the recent studies. The numerical investigations were carried out by generating solitary waves in a numerical wave tank modelled using an open-source CFD model REEF3D. Comparison of peak wave impact force and pressure distribution due to climate change on a model and prototype deck structure in the elevated condition is carried out to investigate the scale effects. Overall, the study concluded that there is a significant change in both vertical and horizontal forces on coastal deck structures due to climate change, where the percentage change varies with varying airgaps and geographical locations. Investigation on prototype scale deck shows that the model scale overestimates the positive horizontal impact force to a larger extent than the vertical impact force.","PeriodicalId":38206,"journal":{"name":"ISH Journal of Hydraulic Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77015362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-26DOI: 10.1080/09715010.2022.2098681
Zeel B Patel, S. Yadav
ABSTRACT Significant variations are detected in extreme rainfall characteristics over Ambica river basin, Gujarat. The frequent flooding in Ambica basin has become a persistent phenomenon over last decade. Based on new knowledge and understanding in Extreme Value Theory (EVT), the discrepancies in extreme rainfall characteristics over entire basin are analyzed considering the daily rainfall series of 25 rain gauge stations for period of 1961–2017. At each station, the threshold value was selected as 90th percentile rainfall for computing the excesses of Peak over Threshold (POT) series. To examine the variations in rainfall pattern, basic rainfall indices viz. total annual rainfall (PRCPTOT), rainy days (RD) and simple daily intensity index (SDII) are calculated. To assess the non-uniformity of extreme rainfall, coefficient of variation (Cv) has been found. Non-parametric tests like Modified Mann-Kendall (MMK) test and Sen’s slope test were used for evaluating the trend. The western parts of the basin show a declining trend in PRCPTOT and SDII, wherein stationarity has been observed for RD. The stations in the central region show a significantly declining trend in total annual rainfall. The SDII and RD are found to be higher and lower respectively for the stations situated in eastern parts of the basin. It has been found that 20 %, 4 % and 17 % of stations exhibit significant decreasing trends in PRCPTOT, RD and SDII respectively. The western basin has lesser values of coefficient of variation (Cv) as compared to stations in eastern part. At the majority of stations, extreme rainfall duration and frequency were found to be stationary, whereas intensity of extreme rainfall is found to be non-stationary. Also, it has been found that 16 % of stations exhibit significant decreasing trends in extreme rainfall intensity and duration, which demonstrates the consequences to water availability in near future.
{"title":"Analysis of changes in extreme rainfall characteristics over Ambica river basin, India","authors":"Zeel B Patel, S. Yadav","doi":"10.1080/09715010.2022.2098681","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09715010.2022.2098681","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Significant variations are detected in extreme rainfall characteristics over Ambica river basin, Gujarat. The frequent flooding in Ambica basin has become a persistent phenomenon over last decade. Based on new knowledge and understanding in Extreme Value Theory (EVT), the discrepancies in extreme rainfall characteristics over entire basin are analyzed considering the daily rainfall series of 25 rain gauge stations for period of 1961–2017. At each station, the threshold value was selected as 90th percentile rainfall for computing the excesses of Peak over Threshold (POT) series. To examine the variations in rainfall pattern, basic rainfall indices viz. total annual rainfall (PRCPTOT), rainy days (RD) and simple daily intensity index (SDII) are calculated. To assess the non-uniformity of extreme rainfall, coefficient of variation (Cv) has been found. Non-parametric tests like Modified Mann-Kendall (MMK) test and Sen’s slope test were used for evaluating the trend. The western parts of the basin show a declining trend in PRCPTOT and SDII, wherein stationarity has been observed for RD. The stations in the central region show a significantly declining trend in total annual rainfall. The SDII and RD are found to be higher and lower respectively for the stations situated in eastern parts of the basin. It has been found that 20 %, 4 % and 17 % of stations exhibit significant decreasing trends in PRCPTOT, RD and SDII respectively. The western basin has lesser values of coefficient of variation (Cv) as compared to stations in eastern part. At the majority of stations, extreme rainfall duration and frequency were found to be stationary, whereas intensity of extreme rainfall is found to be non-stationary. Also, it has been found that 16 % of stations exhibit significant decreasing trends in extreme rainfall intensity and duration, which demonstrates the consequences to water availability in near future.","PeriodicalId":38206,"journal":{"name":"ISH Journal of Hydraulic Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75733039","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-25DOI: 10.1080/09715010.2022.2104624
S. Maheshwari, S. Chavan
ABSTRACT In this paper, we have explored the dependence of discharge indices (and their return period) on various catchment descriptors, such as average slope, basin relief, drainage area, maximum elevation, and mean elevation. Discharge indices, viz., effective discharge, functional-equivalent discharge, and fraction-load discharge, are considered in this study. These indices characterize long-term sediment transport through stream networks and are generally adopted as design flows for restoration of streams and in geomorphic, as well as in eco-hydrologic studies. These indices (and their return period) were determined based on a continuous probability distribution (e.g. log-normal and Gamma)-based Magnitude-Frequency Analysis approach. These indices and their return period were found to have a negative correlation with all these catchment descriptors except the drainage area. This is because there is a reduction in the magnitude of discharge indices with the rise in average slope, basin relief, maximum elevation, and mean elevation, which indicates that a lesser magnitude of flows/discharges is effective in carrying a considerable amount of sediments over time as the transport of sediments is assisted by high slopes of upstream catchments, viz., headwater catchments. These correlated descriptors can be useful in the determination of indices (and their return period) for ungauged catchments.
{"title":"Exploring the dependence between discharge indices and catchment descriptors for suspended sediment load in Indian Rivers","authors":"S. Maheshwari, S. Chavan","doi":"10.1080/09715010.2022.2104624","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09715010.2022.2104624","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT In this paper, we have explored the dependence of discharge indices (and their return period) on various catchment descriptors, such as average slope, basin relief, drainage area, maximum elevation, and mean elevation. Discharge indices, viz., effective discharge, functional-equivalent discharge, and fraction-load discharge, are considered in this study. These indices characterize long-term sediment transport through stream networks and are generally adopted as design flows for restoration of streams and in geomorphic, as well as in eco-hydrologic studies. These indices (and their return period) were determined based on a continuous probability distribution (e.g. log-normal and Gamma)-based Magnitude-Frequency Analysis approach. These indices and their return period were found to have a negative correlation with all these catchment descriptors except the drainage area. This is because there is a reduction in the magnitude of discharge indices with the rise in average slope, basin relief, maximum elevation, and mean elevation, which indicates that a lesser magnitude of flows/discharges is effective in carrying a considerable amount of sediments over time as the transport of sediments is assisted by high slopes of upstream catchments, viz., headwater catchments. These correlated descriptors can be useful in the determination of indices (and their return period) for ungauged catchments.","PeriodicalId":38206,"journal":{"name":"ISH Journal of Hydraulic Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85971020","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-14DOI: 10.1080/09715010.2022.2094731
Nidhi C Pandya, Reena Popawala, S. Yadav
ABSTRACT Hydraulic assessment of water distribution networks (WDNs) is the fundamental process to check their efficiency in providing sufficient water with desirable pressure at the consumer end. The presence of leakage leads to reduction in the efficiency of the system. The relationship between leakage location and its effect on network behavior has not yet been analyzed effectively. In the present study, influence of leakage and its location is analyzed for the purpose of hydraulic assessment and leakage management. A network with leakages at different locations is developed in the laboratory and its leakage rates are analyzed using pressure-driven demand and leakage (PDDL) approach. The same method is applied to a real-life distribution system for verification. To check the effect of the leakage location, a pressure deficiency index (PDI) is considered as a hydraulic performance indicator in this study. Results show the relationship between the leakage location and variation in PDI. Findings of this study provide an effective reference for real-life WDN leakage management.
{"title":"Effect of leakage location on pressure deficiency index of water distribution network","authors":"Nidhi C Pandya, Reena Popawala, S. Yadav","doi":"10.1080/09715010.2022.2094731","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09715010.2022.2094731","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Hydraulic assessment of water distribution networks (WDNs) is the fundamental process to check their efficiency in providing sufficient water with desirable pressure at the consumer end. The presence of leakage leads to reduction in the efficiency of the system. The relationship between leakage location and its effect on network behavior has not yet been analyzed effectively. In the present study, influence of leakage and its location is analyzed for the purpose of hydraulic assessment and leakage management. A network with leakages at different locations is developed in the laboratory and its leakage rates are analyzed using pressure-driven demand and leakage (PDDL) approach. The same method is applied to a real-life distribution system for verification. To check the effect of the leakage location, a pressure deficiency index (PDI) is considered as a hydraulic performance indicator in this study. Results show the relationship between the leakage location and variation in PDI. Findings of this study provide an effective reference for real-life WDN leakage management.","PeriodicalId":38206,"journal":{"name":"ISH Journal of Hydraulic Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86508986","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-12DOI: 10.1080/09715010.2022.2098683
C. R. Suribabu, P. Sivakumar, Nivedita Sivakumar
ABSTRACT Intermittent water supply (IWS) system delivers the drinking water for a short duration of a day. Customers’ satisfaction with such a system highly depends on the volume of water delivered at each house service connection rather than the pressure-dependent flow rate. In most of the systems, the supply is made until emptying of the source storage reservoir or tank happens. The advantaged consumers (who belong to the high-pressure zone) receive water quicker than the disadvantaged consumers. As the IWS has trusted with the volume of water delivered, volume-driven analysis (VDA) is required to understand the supply rate at demand nodes and the actual duration of supply to the consumers located across the network. Supply to each house service connection (HSC) depends on the availability of static pressure at the ferrule points in the distribution main. The aggregated volume of water that can be delivered by the node corresponding to the available pressure requires an equivalent arrangement that represents house service connections (HSCs) in the modeling. In the present work, a modified method of volume-driven analysis is presented to simulate the aggregated flow from the HSCs at each node and to evaluate the actual volume of water delivered within the supply duration. The application of the method is illustrated through a hypothetical rural water supply network. The volume of water that can be received by the group of houses and its duration of supply to fulfill the demanded volume can be obtained from the proposed analysis and also it is shown how the uncontrolled withdrawal of water affects the disadvantaged consumers in the water supply system.
{"title":"Volume driven analysis for house level water supply assessment in an intermittent water supply system","authors":"C. R. Suribabu, P. Sivakumar, Nivedita Sivakumar","doi":"10.1080/09715010.2022.2098683","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09715010.2022.2098683","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Intermittent water supply (IWS) system delivers the drinking water for a short duration of a day. Customers’ satisfaction with such a system highly depends on the volume of water delivered at each house service connection rather than the pressure-dependent flow rate. In most of the systems, the supply is made until emptying of the source storage reservoir or tank happens. The advantaged consumers (who belong to the high-pressure zone) receive water quicker than the disadvantaged consumers. As the IWS has trusted with the volume of water delivered, volume-driven analysis (VDA) is required to understand the supply rate at demand nodes and the actual duration of supply to the consumers located across the network. Supply to each house service connection (HSC) depends on the availability of static pressure at the ferrule points in the distribution main. The aggregated volume of water that can be delivered by the node corresponding to the available pressure requires an equivalent arrangement that represents house service connections (HSCs) in the modeling. In the present work, a modified method of volume-driven analysis is presented to simulate the aggregated flow from the HSCs at each node and to evaluate the actual volume of water delivered within the supply duration. The application of the method is illustrated through a hypothetical rural water supply network. The volume of water that can be received by the group of houses and its duration of supply to fulfill the demanded volume can be obtained from the proposed analysis and also it is shown how the uncontrolled withdrawal of water affects the disadvantaged consumers in the water supply system.","PeriodicalId":38206,"journal":{"name":"ISH Journal of Hydraulic Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83275398","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-11DOI: 10.1080/09715010.2022.2098682
K. Swarnkar, V. Nikam, K. Gupta, J. Pearson
ABSTRACT With increasing urbanization, wastewater and industrial effluents are being discharged into watercourses. Due to high-density development, it is difficult to construct conventional flow measurement structures like weirs. Hence, to measure the flow, dye tracing studies are an appropriate method for urban drainage channels. Dye tracing studies along with water quality monitoring can be analyzed to understand the behavior of pollutants in specific sections of the study area. This paper presents a state-of-the-art review for employing dye tracing studies to ascertain the pathways of pollutants and a case study. A dye tracing study was carried out at the Kolshet drain, Thane, India, to conceptualize contaminant transport using rhodamine WT (water tracer) dye. The study was carried out jointly by the Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, India and the University of Warwick, UK. Rhodamine WT dye was injected at the injection point and the distribution of dye concentration with time was logged with four portable fluorometers installed at measurement points. The data were analyzed and the longitudinal dispersion coefficient (‘DL’) for solute transport in the drain was computed.
{"title":"Review of the state-of-the-art for monitoring urban drainage water quality using rhodamine WT dye as a tracer","authors":"K. Swarnkar, V. Nikam, K. Gupta, J. Pearson","doi":"10.1080/09715010.2022.2098682","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09715010.2022.2098682","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT With increasing urbanization, wastewater and industrial effluents are being discharged into watercourses. Due to high-density development, it is difficult to construct conventional flow measurement structures like weirs. Hence, to measure the flow, dye tracing studies are an appropriate method for urban drainage channels. Dye tracing studies along with water quality monitoring can be analyzed to understand the behavior of pollutants in specific sections of the study area. This paper presents a state-of-the-art review for employing dye tracing studies to ascertain the pathways of pollutants and a case study. A dye tracing study was carried out at the Kolshet drain, Thane, India, to conceptualize contaminant transport using rhodamine WT (water tracer) dye. The study was carried out jointly by the Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, India and the University of Warwick, UK. Rhodamine WT dye was injected at the injection point and the distribution of dye concentration with time was logged with four portable fluorometers installed at measurement points. The data were analyzed and the longitudinal dispersion coefficient (‘DL’) for solute transport in the drain was computed.","PeriodicalId":38206,"journal":{"name":"ISH Journal of Hydraulic Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90982008","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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