Pub Date : 2022-10-17DOI: 10.1080/09715010.2022.2134742
Hridik Punukollu, A. Vasan, K. Srinivasa Raju
ABSTRACT Two deep learning algorithms, namely, Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) and Recurrent Neural Network- Long Short Term Memory (LSTM), were used to classify the water distribution networks (WDN) as leaky or non-leaky. LeakDB dataset was employed to generate different leakage scenarios for Net 1 and Hanoi benchmark WDN. Three cases, (a) incipient leaks, (b) abrupt leaks, and (c) mixed leak situations, are employed for pressure and flow conditions. A total of 1000 scenarios have been employed, 80% for training and 20% for testing. Seven metrics for analyzing the performance of CNN and LSTM are training accuracy, testing accuracy, total accuracy, true positive rate, false positive rate, false negative rate & area under curve. The results obtained are compared with those of Kammoun, et al. (2021). CNN is performing slightly better than LSTM in several metrics for most scenarios. However, both CNN and LSTM performed most of the time with better accuracy than those used by Kammoun et al. (2021). Leak detection accuracy is in the range of 90.56–98.23 % for Net1 WDN, whereas it is 49–96.55 % for Hanoi WDN.
摘要采用卷积神经网络(CNN)和递归神经网络-长短期记忆(LSTM)两种深度学习算法对供水网络(WDN)进行泄漏和非泄漏分类。利用LeakDB数据集对Net 1和Hanoi基准WDN生成不同的泄漏场景。三种情况，(a)初期泄漏，(b)突然泄漏和(c)混合泄漏情况，用于压力和流动条件。总共使用了1000个场景，80%用于培训，20%用于测试。分析CNN和LSTM性能的七个指标是训练准确率、测试准确率、总准确率、真阳性率、假阳性率、假阴性率和曲线下面积。所得结果与Kammoun, et al.(2021)的结果进行比较。在大多数情况下，CNN在几个指标上的表现略好于LSTM。然而，CNN和LSTM在大多数情况下都比Kammoun等人(2021)使用的准确率更高。Net1 WDN的泄漏检测准确率为90.56 - 98.23%，而河内WDN的泄漏检测准确率为49 - 96.55%。
{"title":"Leak detection in water distribution networks using deep learning","authors":"Hridik Punukollu, A. Vasan, K. Srinivasa Raju","doi":"10.1080/09715010.2022.2134742","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09715010.2022.2134742","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Two deep learning algorithms, namely, Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) and Recurrent Neural Network- Long Short Term Memory (LSTM), were used to classify the water distribution networks (WDN) as leaky or non-leaky. LeakDB dataset was employed to generate different leakage scenarios for Net 1 and Hanoi benchmark WDN. Three cases, (a) incipient leaks, (b) abrupt leaks, and (c) mixed leak situations, are employed for pressure and flow conditions. A total of 1000 scenarios have been employed, 80% for training and 20% for testing. Seven metrics for analyzing the performance of CNN and LSTM are training accuracy, testing accuracy, total accuracy, true positive rate, false positive rate, false negative rate & area under curve. The results obtained are compared with those of Kammoun, et al. (2021). CNN is performing slightly better than LSTM in several metrics for most scenarios. However, both CNN and LSTM performed most of the time with better accuracy than those used by Kammoun et al. (2021). Leak detection accuracy is in the range of 90.56–98.23 % for Net1 WDN, whereas it is 49–96.55 % for Hanoi WDN.","PeriodicalId":38206,"journal":{"name":"ISH Journal of Hydraulic Engineering","volume":"82 1","pages":"674 - 682"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80814324","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-16DOI: 10.1080/09715010.2022.2134741
F. Samir, N. Badawy, Hossam El Sersawy
ABSTRACT Confluences of rivers are important component of river systems. Confluence scour is significant geomorphologically because it is a node in a channel network that controls sediment distribution, thus controlling the formation of channel migration. Nile River confluences take various shapes, such as downstream islands. Due to the construction of Aswan High Dam, major changes in hydrological characteristics downstream of the dam have affected river morphology, including the formation of islands. The purpose of this study is to investigate the hydrodynamic and morphological parameters for the Nile River confluences to provide an appropriate formula to predict confluence scour depth. For the current study, six confluence areas were selected. A numerical model was used to calculate the hydraulic characteristics of the Nile River. Geometric, morphological, and hydrodynamic analyses of selected confluences were performed in different years. Five confluence scour equations were applied to compute scour depths for the selected confluences. The scour depths for the specified confluences were calculated using five confluence scour equations. Field observations were compared to the calculated scour depths. The selected confluence scour equations didn’t have a satisfying performance for estimating the confluence scour depth in the Nile River. A new dimensionless confluence scour equation has been established.
{"title":"Assessment of hydro-morpho dynamics of the Nile River confluence scour","authors":"F. Samir, N. Badawy, Hossam El Sersawy","doi":"10.1080/09715010.2022.2134741","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09715010.2022.2134741","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Confluences of rivers are important component of river systems. Confluence scour is significant geomorphologically because it is a node in a channel network that controls sediment distribution, thus controlling the formation of channel migration. Nile River confluences take various shapes, such as downstream islands. Due to the construction of Aswan High Dam, major changes in hydrological characteristics downstream of the dam have affected river morphology, including the formation of islands. The purpose of this study is to investigate the hydrodynamic and morphological parameters for the Nile River confluences to provide an appropriate formula to predict confluence scour depth. For the current study, six confluence areas were selected. A numerical model was used to calculate the hydraulic characteristics of the Nile River. Geometric, morphological, and hydrodynamic analyses of selected confluences were performed in different years. Five confluence scour equations were applied to compute scour depths for the selected confluences. The scour depths for the specified confluences were calculated using five confluence scour equations. Field observations were compared to the calculated scour depths. The selected confluence scour equations didn’t have a satisfying performance for estimating the confluence scour depth in the Nile River. A new dimensionless confluence scour equation has been established.","PeriodicalId":38206,"journal":{"name":"ISH Journal of Hydraulic Engineering","volume":"9 1","pages":"661 - 673"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84337287","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-30DOI: 10.1080/09715010.2022.2128905
Tripti Dimri, Shamshad Ahmad, M. Sharif
ABSTRACT The paper aims at simulating streamflow using Hydrologic Engineering Center Hydrological Modelling System (HEC-HMS) under different Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP’s) to access the impact of climate change on hydrological regime of Bhagirathi River at Tehri Dam. The input for the study is precipitation and temperature which are obtained from remote-sensing data. The temperature and precipitation data daily products are obtained from Tropical Rain Monitoring Mission (TRMM) and Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) missions and the respective future anomalies were obtained from World Bank Climate Change Knowledge Portal (CCKP). The streamflow simulation is done for RCP’s 4.5 and 8.5 under the models csiro_mk3_6_0, bcc_csm1_1, ccsm4 and mri_cgcm3. The study found that the combination of remote-sensing data and HEC-HMS model has been successful in simulating streamflow in the region. The region will experience an increase in streamflow discharge under changing climate over the next coming years. The simulation also indicates that there will be a change in temporal distribution pattern of the discharge. Amidst these uncertainties, the predictions also give an insight into the planning and management of constructed or to be constructed hydraulic structures in the basin.
{"title":"Impact of climate change on water availability in Bhagirathi River Basin, India","authors":"Tripti Dimri, Shamshad Ahmad, M. Sharif","doi":"10.1080/09715010.2022.2128905","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09715010.2022.2128905","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The paper aims at simulating streamflow using Hydrologic Engineering Center Hydrological Modelling System (HEC-HMS) under different Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP’s) to access the impact of climate change on hydrological regime of Bhagirathi River at Tehri Dam. The input for the study is precipitation and temperature which are obtained from remote-sensing data. The temperature and precipitation data daily products are obtained from Tropical Rain Monitoring Mission (TRMM) and Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) missions and the respective future anomalies were obtained from World Bank Climate Change Knowledge Portal (CCKP). The streamflow simulation is done for RCP’s 4.5 and 8.5 under the models csiro_mk3_6_0, bcc_csm1_1, ccsm4 and mri_cgcm3. The study found that the combination of remote-sensing data and HEC-HMS model has been successful in simulating streamflow in the region. The region will experience an increase in streamflow discharge under changing climate over the next coming years. The simulation also indicates that there will be a change in temporal distribution pattern of the discharge. Amidst these uncertainties, the predictions also give an insight into the planning and management of constructed or to be constructed hydraulic structures in the basin.","PeriodicalId":38206,"journal":{"name":"ISH Journal of Hydraulic Engineering","volume":"17 1","pages":"642 - 651"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82604509","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-28DOI: 10.1080/09715010.2022.2128906
M. Sedighkia, B. Datta
ABSTRACT The present study proposes and evaluates a machine-learning classifier to simulate the flood inundation area in which adaptive neuro fuzzy inference system was applied to classify the simulated domain into flooded and non-flooded areas. Particle swarm optimization was utilized in the training process of the data-driven model. Moreover, the outputs of simulating floods by the two-dimensional numerical hydraulic model were used in the training and testing process. However, aerial images of observed floods could be used as well. Based on the results in the case study, the proposed data-driven classifier is able to reduce the computational complexities of the flood inundation modelling including runtime and CPU usage. The proposed model is highly reliable and robust for generating maximum flood inundation map in the major floods. The results indicated that the rate of incorrect assessment is less than 7% in all tests. It is recommendable to apply the proposed method in the future flood engineering projects in which numerous simulations of the maximum flooded area are required. The developed model considerably reduces the computational costs in the projects.
{"title":"Flood inundation modelling by a machine learning classifier","authors":"M. Sedighkia, B. Datta","doi":"10.1080/09715010.2022.2128906","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09715010.2022.2128906","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The present study proposes and evaluates a machine-learning classifier to simulate the flood inundation area in which adaptive neuro fuzzy inference system was applied to classify the simulated domain into flooded and non-flooded areas. Particle swarm optimization was utilized in the training process of the data-driven model. Moreover, the outputs of simulating floods by the two-dimensional numerical hydraulic model were used in the training and testing process. However, aerial images of observed floods could be used as well. Based on the results in the case study, the proposed data-driven classifier is able to reduce the computational complexities of the flood inundation modelling including runtime and CPU usage. The proposed model is highly reliable and robust for generating maximum flood inundation map in the major floods. The results indicated that the rate of incorrect assessment is less than 7% in all tests. It is recommendable to apply the proposed method in the future flood engineering projects in which numerous simulations of the maximum flooded area are required. The developed model considerably reduces the computational costs in the projects.","PeriodicalId":38206,"journal":{"name":"ISH Journal of Hydraulic Engineering","volume":"106 1 1","pages":"652 - 660"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89735737","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-16DOI: 10.1080/09715010.2022.2122879
Shyamsunder Pindi, K. Jayakumar
ABSTRACT Sediment deposition is an inherent phenomenon of any reservoir which causes considerable storage loss thereby disturbing the economy of the community for which the reservoir is intended to serve. Failure to take adequate remedial measures to control sedimentation would result in huge loss in storage capacity. Present paper provides the analysis of the field studies using the hydrographic surveys which were conducted on the Wyra Project, a medium irrigation reservoir built across Wyra, a tributary of river Krishna. The surveys were conducted during the period when the reservoir receives good rains. The principal objectives of the study are to assess sedimentation status, annual sedimentation rate in the reservoir and to estimate the trap efficiency (Te) of the reservoir. The ‘Te’ is useful for predicting the remaining useful life span of the reservoir and the pattern of sediment deposition in the reservoir. Te is also useful in regulating the irrigation water, generation of hydroelectric power and management of sediment treatment plans. Analysis of the results showed that there is a loss of about 27.66 Mm3 (39.47%) in the storage capacity of the reservoir. The sedimentation rate was about 6.86 ha.m/100 km2/year, which is higher than what was considered at the planning stage.
{"title":"Assessment of sedimentation status and trap efficiency of Wyra reservoir","authors":"Shyamsunder Pindi, K. Jayakumar","doi":"10.1080/09715010.2022.2122879","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09715010.2022.2122879","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Sediment deposition is an inherent phenomenon of any reservoir which causes considerable storage loss thereby disturbing the economy of the community for which the reservoir is intended to serve. Failure to take adequate remedial measures to control sedimentation would result in huge loss in storage capacity. Present paper provides the analysis of the field studies using the hydrographic surveys which were conducted on the Wyra Project, a medium irrigation reservoir built across Wyra, a tributary of river Krishna. The surveys were conducted during the period when the reservoir receives good rains. The principal objectives of the study are to assess sedimentation status, annual sedimentation rate in the reservoir and to estimate the trap efficiency (Te) of the reservoir. The ‘Te’ is useful for predicting the remaining useful life span of the reservoir and the pattern of sediment deposition in the reservoir. Te is also useful in regulating the irrigation water, generation of hydroelectric power and management of sediment treatment plans. Analysis of the results showed that there is a loss of about 27.66 Mm3 (39.47%) in the storage capacity of the reservoir. The sedimentation rate was about 6.86 ha.m/100 km2/year, which is higher than what was considered at the planning stage.","PeriodicalId":38206,"journal":{"name":"ISH Journal of Hydraulic Engineering","volume":"44 1","pages":"632 - 641"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74672935","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-13DOI: 10.1080/09715010.2022.2122877
N. Ayinippully Nalarajan, S. Govindarajan, I. Nambi
ABSTRACT Capture zone analysis has been a prominent aspect in managing water supply wells. The study of aquifer vulnerability and protection also employs groundwater age modeling. Therefore, a comprehensive analysis of capture zones and groundwater age was used to propose a new method to understand the age fractions of water reaching pumping wells. The concept was derived from a volume-weighted approach for finding the mean age of a multi-component groundwater mixture. Numerical analysis of groundwater flow, age transport, and capture zone delineation was carried out to obtain volume-weighted mean groundwater age at the well. Thus, the groundwater age reaching a pumping well was easily assessed by computing age fractions. An additional recharge well rendered the groundwater age 25 days younger than that with a pumping well alone at 450 days. The example application described how the results could estimate the mean groundwater age at the sink point, contributed from the various sources.
{"title":"Analysis of groundwater age and flow fractions for source-sink assessments","authors":"N. Ayinippully Nalarajan, S. Govindarajan, I. Nambi","doi":"10.1080/09715010.2022.2122877","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09715010.2022.2122877","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Capture zone analysis has been a prominent aspect in managing water supply wells. The study of aquifer vulnerability and protection also employs groundwater age modeling. Therefore, a comprehensive analysis of capture zones and groundwater age was used to propose a new method to understand the age fractions of water reaching pumping wells. The concept was derived from a volume-weighted approach for finding the mean age of a multi-component groundwater mixture. Numerical analysis of groundwater flow, age transport, and capture zone delineation was carried out to obtain volume-weighted mean groundwater age at the well. Thus, the groundwater age reaching a pumping well was easily assessed by computing age fractions. An additional recharge well rendered the groundwater age 25 days younger than that with a pumping well alone at 450 days. The example application described how the results could estimate the mean groundwater age at the sink point, contributed from the various sources.","PeriodicalId":38206,"journal":{"name":"ISH Journal of Hydraulic Engineering","volume":"60 1","pages":"622 - 631"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85849741","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-11DOI: 10.1080/09715010.2022.2120369
Shashikanth Kulkarni, T. Anurag, M. Hussain, S. Prasanna, Vittal Hari
ABSTRACT Calibration of hydrological models for watersheds is critical considering the hydrological processes involved. The Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) is one such popular model and requires proper calibration, without which models have difficulty in proper simulation of runoff. The present study aims to utilize multi-objective calibration framework using Non-Dominated Genetic Algorithm- II (NSGA-II) and SWAT-Calibration Uncertainty Procedures (SWATCUP) for calibration. The study is conducted on Musi river basin located in India (10,000 Sq km) for seven years from 2013–2016. It includes an initial warm-up period of three years, the calibration period from 2015–2016, and validation period from 2014–2015. NSGA-II aims to optimize the multiple objective functions i.e. Nash Sutcliffe Efficiency (NSE) and Percentage Bias (PBias). The Monthly simulations results are expressed in terms of statistical parameters NSE, R2 and PBias for calibration and validation period. The results indicate satisfactory performance. Further, NSGA-II results are compared with SWATCUP (Sequential Uncertainty Fitting ver.2 (SUFI-2). We find NSGA-II performance is better than SWATCUP. The sensitive analysis indicates that CN2, GW_DELAY, GW_REVAP, ALPHA_BF, RCHRG_DP, and CH_K2 are very sensitive whereas SURLAG, ESCO, SLSUBBS, HRU_SLP are observed to be least sensitive.
{"title":"Comparison of multi-objective and single objective calibration for SWAT model: a case study on Musi river basin, India","authors":"Shashikanth Kulkarni, T. Anurag, M. Hussain, S. Prasanna, Vittal Hari","doi":"10.1080/09715010.2022.2120369","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09715010.2022.2120369","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Calibration of hydrological models for watersheds is critical considering the hydrological processes involved. The Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) is one such popular model and requires proper calibration, without which models have difficulty in proper simulation of runoff. The present study aims to utilize multi-objective calibration framework using Non-Dominated Genetic Algorithm- II (NSGA-II) and SWAT-Calibration Uncertainty Procedures (SWATCUP) for calibration. The study is conducted on Musi river basin located in India (10,000 Sq km) for seven years from 2013–2016. It includes an initial warm-up period of three years, the calibration period from 2015–2016, and validation period from 2014–2015. NSGA-II aims to optimize the multiple objective functions i.e. Nash Sutcliffe Efficiency (NSE) and Percentage Bias (PBias). The Monthly simulations results are expressed in terms of statistical parameters NSE, R2 and PBias for calibration and validation period. The results indicate satisfactory performance. Further, NSGA-II results are compared with SWATCUP (Sequential Uncertainty Fitting ver.2 (SUFI-2). We find NSGA-II performance is better than SWATCUP. The sensitive analysis indicates that CN2, GW_DELAY, GW_REVAP, ALPHA_BF, RCHRG_DP, and CH_K2 are very sensitive whereas SURLAG, ESCO, SLSUBBS, HRU_SLP are observed to be least sensitive.","PeriodicalId":38206,"journal":{"name":"ISH Journal of Hydraulic Engineering","volume":"45 1","pages":"714 - 721"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86355628","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-06DOI: 10.1080/09715010.2022.2120368
S. Mazumder
ABSTRACT Numerous hydraulic structures are to be provided in canals and rivers for storage, diversion and transport of water. Some innovative, economic and improved hydraulic design has been discussed. Transitions are to be provided in all canal structures wherever the canal is flumed to achieve economy. Most popular transition in the USA and Europe is Hinds transition. The author performed large numbers of experiments to introduce short curved transitions at entry and straight expansion at exit to attain higher efficiency and better performance. Energy dissipaters are usually provided with parallel side walls followed by transition structures to connect the stilling basin with normal channel section, resulting in huge cost of the structure. For low value of inflow Froude’s number (F1), the author introduced a new type of energy dissipater with straight diverging side walls starting from toe of the structure so that it functions as both energy dissipater and flow diffuser. Flow metering structures are needed for flow measurement in both rivers and canals. Parshall flumes may be free or submerged. The author invented a new proportional-type flow meter, by simultaneously fluming and raising the bed so that the flow remains free for all discharges in a given range.
{"title":"Innovative hydraulic design of some canal and river structures for economy and efficiency","authors":"S. Mazumder","doi":"10.1080/09715010.2022.2120368","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09715010.2022.2120368","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Numerous hydraulic structures are to be provided in canals and rivers for storage, diversion and transport of water. Some innovative, economic and improved hydraulic design has been discussed. Transitions are to be provided in all canal structures wherever the canal is flumed to achieve economy. Most popular transition in the USA and Europe is Hinds transition. The author performed large numbers of experiments to introduce short curved transitions at entry and straight expansion at exit to attain higher efficiency and better performance. Energy dissipaters are usually provided with parallel side walls followed by transition structures to connect the stilling basin with normal channel section, resulting in huge cost of the structure. For low value of inflow Froude’s number (F1), the author introduced a new type of energy dissipater with straight diverging side walls starting from toe of the structure so that it functions as both energy dissipater and flow diffuser. Flow metering structures are needed for flow measurement in both rivers and canals. Parshall flumes may be free or submerged. The author invented a new proportional-type flow meter, by simultaneously fluming and raising the bed so that the flow remains free for all discharges in a given range.","PeriodicalId":38206,"journal":{"name":"ISH Journal of Hydraulic Engineering","volume":"162 1","pages":"707 - 713"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89903428","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-05DOI: 10.1080/09715010.2022.2115319
V. Sundar, S. Sannasiraj, K. Murali, Vasanthakumar Singaravelu
ABSTRACT This study aims to explore the site-specific impact of coastal structures on the stability of the shoreline. For this study, the shoreline data were collected with higher-order accuracy along a few vulnerable stretches of the coast in the vicinity of hard structures such as Seawalls, Groyne, Breakwater, and Training walls along the southeast and southwest coasts of India. All the field collected shoreline data were analysed with statistical measures using DSAS (Digital Shoreline Analysis System) tool of ArcGIS software. The presence of shore connected coastal structures dictates the sedimentation process in its purlieu. The observed average rate of erosion and accretion in the adjoining coastlines are −5.7 m/yr and +4.92 m/yr, respectively. The field measurements from the present study would provide an effective base for the planning and implementation of coastal structures near the studied area, as well as to adopt a better methodology for coastal impact assessment. Most of the well-planned and executed hard engineering structures have yielded desirable results and benefit for the local coastal communities.
{"title":"Impact of coastal structure on shorelines along the southeast and southwest coasts of india","authors":"V. Sundar, S. Sannasiraj, K. Murali, Vasanthakumar Singaravelu","doi":"10.1080/09715010.2022.2115319","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09715010.2022.2115319","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This study aims to explore the site-specific impact of coastal structures on the stability of the shoreline. For this study, the shoreline data were collected with higher-order accuracy along a few vulnerable stretches of the coast in the vicinity of hard structures such as Seawalls, Groyne, Breakwater, and Training walls along the southeast and southwest coasts of India. All the field collected shoreline data were analysed with statistical measures using DSAS (Digital Shoreline Analysis System) tool of ArcGIS software. The presence of shore connected coastal structures dictates the sedimentation process in its purlieu. The observed average rate of erosion and accretion in the adjoining coastlines are −5.7 m/yr and +4.92 m/yr, respectively. The field measurements from the present study would provide an effective base for the planning and implementation of coastal structures near the studied area, as well as to adopt a better methodology for coastal impact assessment. Most of the well-planned and executed hard engineering structures have yielded desirable results and benefit for the local coastal communities.","PeriodicalId":38206,"journal":{"name":"ISH Journal of Hydraulic Engineering","volume":"11 1","pages":"592 - 610"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74659375","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-29DOI: 10.1080/09715010.2022.2115318
K. Indulekha, P. Jayasree, K. Balan
ABSTRACT The study investigates the role of cocolog, an eco-friendly material, as groyne, in protecting the river banks in meandering channels. Laboratory experiments were conducted to compare the flow pattern and sediment dynamics in a mobile-bed meandering channel for cocolog (permeable) and impermeable groynes. It is observed that as the permeability increases, the vertical and transverse velocities are seen to be reduced in the groyne fields. The results also indicate that places of maximum scour depth display amplified velocity, turbulent intensity and turbulent kinetic energy. However, considerable reduction in these characteristics is being observed in the case of permeable groynes that have densities varying between 140 and 160 kg/m3. The eroded volume is seen to be reduced by 60% for permeable groynes of medium density compared to the tests done without groynes. Also impermeable groynes exhibit a wider distribution of the maximum values for scour depth, turbulence intensity and turbulent kinetic energy than that of permeable groynes. It is found that the cocolog groynes with suitable density (or permeability) can perform best in meandering channels by dampening the velocity and turbulence of the groyne fields.
{"title":"Laboratory investigation of flow and turbulent characteristics around permeable and impermeable groynes in a strongly curved meandering channel","authors":"K. Indulekha, P. Jayasree, K. Balan","doi":"10.1080/09715010.2022.2115318","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09715010.2022.2115318","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The study investigates the role of cocolog, an eco-friendly material, as groyne, in protecting the river banks in meandering channels. Laboratory experiments were conducted to compare the flow pattern and sediment dynamics in a mobile-bed meandering channel for cocolog (permeable) and impermeable groynes. It is observed that as the permeability increases, the vertical and transverse velocities are seen to be reduced in the groyne fields. The results also indicate that places of maximum scour depth display amplified velocity, turbulent intensity and turbulent kinetic energy. However, considerable reduction in these characteristics is being observed in the case of permeable groynes that have densities varying between 140 and 160 kg/m3. The eroded volume is seen to be reduced by 60% for permeable groynes of medium density compared to the tests done without groynes. Also impermeable groynes exhibit a wider distribution of the maximum values for scour depth, turbulence intensity and turbulent kinetic energy than that of permeable groynes. It is found that the cocolog groynes with suitable density (or permeability) can perform best in meandering channels by dampening the velocity and turbulence of the groyne fields.","PeriodicalId":38206,"journal":{"name":"ISH Journal of Hydraulic Engineering","volume":"50 1","pages":"581 - 591"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75129888","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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