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2022 IEEE International Conference on Recent Advances in Systems Science and Engineering (RASSE)最新文献

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Challenges Of Testing Highly Automated Vehicles: A Literature Review 测试高度自动化车辆的挑战:文献综述
D. Karunakaran, J. S. Berrio, Stewart Worrall, E. Nebot
With the advent of the autonomous vehicle, there is potential to reduce the accident rate to a minimum level. Modern automated vehicles will undoubtedly include machine learning (ML) and probabilistic techniques. These algorithms with a non-deterministic world significantly complicate the safety assessment process. In addition, the autonomous system handles the responsibility of safe navigation, so the vehicle has to ensure its safety by itself. Due to these reasons, it is essential to thoroughly assess the system before deploying it on public roads. However, there are many testing challenges for highly automated vehicles (HAVs) to overcome before the wide-scale deployment. In this paper, we conducted a semi-systematic literature review on several issues and challenges related to the testing of HAVs.
随着自动驾驶汽车的出现,有可能将事故率降低到最低水平。现代自动驾驶汽车无疑将包括机器学习(ML)和概率技术。这些具有非确定性世界的算法显著地使安全评估过程复杂化。此外,自动驾驶系统还承担着安全导航的责任,因此车辆必须自己确保自身的安全。因此,在正式投入使用之前,必须对该系统进行彻底的评估。然而,在大规模部署之前,高度自动化车辆(hav)需要克服许多测试挑战。在本文中,我们对与hav测试相关的几个问题和挑战进行了半系统的文献综述。
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引用次数: 2
Performance Comparison of Containerized HBase Clusters on Kubernetes Kubernetes上容器化HBase集群性能比较
Ta-Chun Lo, Chun-Ying Tao, Jyh-Biau Chang, C. Shieh
The demand for large-volume database storage has become an essential issue with the rising trend of big data. Since the NoSQL database performs better than SQL databases when handling extensive data, many developers choose the NoSQL database as their first choice. Among all the NoSQL databases, HBase has become a popular choice due to its flexibility and high efficiency in the big data processing field. HBase is a column-oriented NoSQL database. It uses HDFS storage and is suitable for integrating with Hadoop ecosystem applications. However, deploying an HBase cluster on bare metal or virtual machines could be pretty complicated and time-consuming. The container technology can make HBase installation more convenient. Nevertheless, containerized HBase can be deployed in different ways. Deploying the HBase cluster in a proper approach can achieve higher performance. In this research, we propose two approaches, namely the Container-dedicated approach and the Container-shared approach, to containerize HBase on Kubernetes. Two benchmark tools are used to compare their performance under different workloads. According to experiment results, the Container-dedicated approach is suitable for writeheavy and read/write balanced applications. The container-shared approach shows a better performance in read-heavy applications. The test result will give future developers a reference when designing a containerized HBase cluster.
随着大数据的兴起,对大容量数据库存储的需求已经成为一个必不可少的问题。由于NoSQL数据库在处理大量数据时比SQL数据库性能更好,因此许多开发人员选择NoSQL数据库作为他们的首选。在众多NoSQL数据库中,HBase以其灵活性和高效性成为大数据处理领域的热门选择。HBase是一个面向列的NoSQL数据库。它使用HDFS存储,适合与Hadoop生态系统应用集成。然而,在裸机或虚拟机上部署HBase集群可能非常复杂且耗时。容器技术可以使HBase的安装更加方便。然而,容器化的HBase可以以不同的方式部署。合理部署HBase集群可以获得更高的性能。在本研究中,我们提出了两种方法,即容器专用方法和容器共享方法,以在Kubernetes上容器化HBase。使用两个基准测试工具来比较它们在不同工作负载下的性能。实验结果表明,容器专用方法适用于写量大、读写均衡的应用程序。容器共享方法在大量读取的应用程序中表现出更好的性能。测试结果可为未来开发人员在设计容器化HBase集群时提供参考。
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引用次数: 0
Realization of Unmanned Vehicle Navigation Considering Density and Pedestrian Flow with Cloud Information 考虑密度和人流的云信息无人驾驶车辆导航的实现
Chi-Kai Chang, Wei-Liang Lin
Gradually, unmanned vehicles are more popular and seen in some places, such as department stores or supermarkets with many people. In order to integrate into human daily life, they should be able to avoid crowd and follow pedestrian flow as human will do. It is not enough to only follow the shortest path for them.The purpose of this work is to implement a navigation algorithm in the real world that considers the flow and density of people. We use a cloud computer to receive fixed camera images, divide regions on the image, and then obtain pedestrian flow and density information through FairMOT[2] algorithm, and wirelessly transmit the information to the unmanned vehicle. Therefore, the unmanned vehicle can avoid high density or reverse flow, and better follow social etiquette.In our implementation, flow directions are with different colors, and shown in our experiments. Furthermore, the flow and density information is passed through WiFi, and affects the cost of a new created cost map layer, called people flow and density layer. The density information affects the navigation reliably. Due to the same area may have different directions of people flow, the following flow algorithm is more challenging.The fixed camera we used is a low-cost webcam, and the unmanned vehicle is with a single camera and a one-line lidar.
渐渐地,无人驾驶汽车越来越受欢迎,在一些地方,比如人多的百货公司或超市,也能看到无人驾驶汽车。为了融入人类的日常生活,他们应该能够像人类一样避开人群,跟随人流。对他们来说,只走最短的路是不够的。这项工作的目的是在现实世界中实现一种考虑人口流量和密度的导航算法。我们使用云计算机接收固定摄像机图像,在图像上进行区域划分,然后通过FairMOT[2]算法获得行人流量和密度信息,并将信息无线传输给无人车。因此,无人驾驶车辆可以避免高密度或逆行,更好地遵循社交礼仪。在我们的实现中,流动方向是不同的颜色,并在我们的实验中显示。此外,流量和密度信息通过WiFi传递,并影响一个新创建的成本图层的成本,称为人流和密度层。密度信息对导航有可靠的影响。由于同一区域可能有不同方向的人流,下面的人流算法更具挑战性。我们使用的固定摄像头是一个低成本的网络摄像头,而无人驾驶车辆只有一个摄像头和一个单线激光雷达。
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引用次数: 0
Deep Oral Cancer Lesion Segmentation with Heterogeneous Features 基于异质性特征的深口腔癌病灶分割
Shih-Yang Huang, Chien-Yu Chiou, Yi-Siang Tan, Chih-Yang Chen, P. Chung
About 650,000 new cases of oral cavity cancer occur every year in the world, and cause more than 330,000 deaths. If oral cancer is diagnosed at an early stage, the overall 5-year survival rate is over 70%, while it drops to less than 40% if detected at a late stage. Thus, early detection of oral cancer is important. Visual non-invasive examination is an efficient and feasible approach for performing a preliminary diagnosis of oral cancer. In this paper, we propose a fully convolutional network (FCN) based model to segment cancer and precancer lesion regions in the oral cavity. In addition to the RGB channels of the input image, we append features of Gabor filter and wavelet filter that show strong response at cancer and precancer regions. We also propose a refine stage before the decision layer of FCN to preventing weight dominating problem when reducing high dimension features to small number of classes. In the experiments on oral cancer dataset, the IOU, sensitivity, and specificity of the proposed network achieves 0.586, 0.883, 0.726 respectively. The experimental results show the effectiveness of our method.
全世界每年约有65万口腔癌新发病例,造成33万多人死亡。如果在早期诊断出口腔癌,总体5年生存率超过70%,而如果在晚期发现,则下降到不到40%。因此,早期发现口腔癌是很重要的。视觉无创检查是一种有效可行的口腔癌初步诊断方法。在本文中,我们提出了一个基于全卷积网络(FCN)的模型来分割口腔中的癌症和癌前病变区域。除了输入图像的RGB通道外,我们还附加了Gabor滤波器和小波滤波器的特征,这些特征在癌症和癌前区域显示出强烈的响应。我们还提出了FCN决策层之前的细化阶段,以防止在将高维特征降为少量类时出现权支配问题。在口腔癌数据集上的实验中,该网络的IOU、灵敏度和特异性分别达到0.586、0.883和0.726。实验结果表明了该方法的有效性。
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引用次数: 0
Memristive Circuit Design of Sequencer Network for Human Emotion Classification 人类情感分类的音序器网络记忆电路设计
Xiaoyue Ji, Zhekang Dong, Han Wang, C. S. Lai, Donglian Qi
Mental health problem is an increasingly common social issue leading to diseases such as depression, addiction, and heart attack. Facial expression is one of the most natural and universal signals for human beings to convey their emotional states and behavior intentions. Numerous studies have been conducted on automatic human emotion classification that can effectively establish the relationship between facial expression and mental health, while still suffer from intensive computation and low efficiency. Here, we present a memristive circuit design of Sequencer network for human emotion classification, which offers an environmentally friendly approach with low cost and easily deployable hardware. Specifically, a kind of eco-friendly memristor is fabricated using two-dimensional (2D) materials, and the corresponding testing performance is conducted to make sure its efficiency and stability. Then, the memristor-based Sequencer block, as a core component of Sequencer network, consisting of bidirectional long short-term memory (BiLSTM) circuit and some necessary function circuit modules is proposed. Based on this, the memristive Sequencer network can be achieved. Furthermore, the proposed memristive Sequencer network is applied for human emotion classification. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed circuit has advantages in computational efficiency and cost, comparable to the main existing software-based methods.
心理健康问题是一个日益普遍的社会问题,会导致抑郁症、毒瘾和心脏病发作等疾病。面部表情是人类表达情绪状态和行为意图的最自然、最普遍的信号之一。人类情绪自动分类已经进行了大量的研究,可以有效地建立面部表情与心理健康之间的关系,但仍然存在计算量大、效率低的问题。在此,我们提出了一种用于人类情感分类的Sequencer网络的记忆电路设计,它提供了一种低成本和易于部署的硬件环境友好的方法。具体而言,利用二维材料制作了一种生态友好型忆阻器,并进行了相应的测试性能,以确保其效率和稳定性。然后,提出了基于忆阻器的音序器模块,作为音序器网络的核心组件,由双向长短期记忆(BiLSTM)电路和一些必要的功能电路模块组成。在此基础上,实现了记忆序列器网络。此外,将所提出的记忆序列网络应用于人类情感分类。实验结果表明,该电路在计算效率和成本方面具有优势,与现有的主要基于软件的方法相当。
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引用次数: 0
Graph Neural Networks for HD EMG-based Movement Intention Recognition: An Initial Investigation 基于高清肌电图的运动意图识别的图神经网络初步研究
S. M. Massa, Daniele Riboni, K. Nazarpour
Recently, high-density (HD) EMG electrodes have been proposed for improving amputees’ movement/grasping intention recognition, exploiting different machine learning techniques. HD EMG electrodes are composed of a large number of closely spaced channels that simultaneously acquire EMG signals from different parts of the muscle. Given the topological properties of these devices, it is important to fully exploit the spatiotemporal information provided by the electrodes to optimize recognition accuracy. In this work, we introduce the use of Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) to process HD EMG data for movement intention recognition of people with an amputation affecting the upper limbs and which use a robotic prosthesis. In this initial investigation of the approach, we conducted experiments using a real-world dataset consisting of EMG signals collected from 20 volunteers while performing 65 different gestures. We were able to detect 45 gestures with a classification error rate of less than 10%, and obtained an overall classification error rate of 8.75% with a standard deviation of 4.9. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first work in which GNNs are used for processing HD EMG data.
最近,高密度(HD)肌电图电极被提出用于提高截肢者的运动/抓取意图识别,利用不同的机器学习技术。高清肌电信号电极由大量紧密间隔的通道组成,这些通道同时获取来自肌肉不同部位的肌电信号。考虑到这些器件的拓扑特性,充分利用电极提供的时空信息来优化识别精度是很重要的。在这项工作中,我们介绍了使用图神经网络(gnn)来处理高清肌电图数据,以识别使用机器人假肢的截肢者的运动意图。在对该方法的初步研究中,我们使用了一个由20名志愿者在做65种不同手势时收集的肌电信号组成的真实数据集进行了实验。我们能够检测出45种手势,分类错误率小于10%,总体分类错误率为8.75%,标准差为4.9。据我们所知,这是第一次将gnn用于处理高清肌电图数据。
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引用次数: 2
Deep Learning Based Adaptive Hybrid Beamforming for mmWave MIMO Systems 基于深度学习的毫米波MIMO系统自适应混合波束形成
Che-Chih Hsu, Yuan-Hao Huang
In the fifth-generation communication, the hybrid precoding technique is used in the massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) system to reduce the RF chain number for power reduction. In recent years, deep learning techniques have been widely used in the hybrid precoding design to improve spectrum efficiency. This paper proposes an alternating minimization-based deep learning precoding technique for the hybrid precoding. This technique includes the phase information of the channel matrix in the deep learning model to improve the spectral efficiency. In addition, an on-line training method is also designed to track the channel features of the time-varying channel. Thus, the deep-learning neural network model can adaptively track the time-varying channel characteristics with a better performance than its counterpart deep-learning-based hybrid beamforming (DLHB) technique even if the initial network model is not good. The simulation experiments also analyze and compare the spectral efficiency with different hyperparameters of the deep-learning neural network model. The proposed adaptive hybrid precoding technique can further reduce 51.54% of the trainable parameters in the time-invariant environment and 76.14% of trainable parameters can be reduced in the time-varying environment compared to the benchmark technique of the DLHB. With the reduced parameter size, the proposed technique can be 1.6 ms faster than the DLHB with better spectrum efficiency.
在第五代通信中,混合预编码技术被用于大规模多输入多输出(MIMO)系统中,以减少射频链数来降低功耗。近年来,深度学习技术被广泛应用于混合预编码设计中,以提高频谱效率。针对混合预编码,提出了一种基于交替最小化的深度学习预编码技术。该技术在深度学习模型中加入了信道矩阵的相位信息,提高了频谱效率。此外,还设计了一种在线训练方法来跟踪时变信道的信道特征。因此,即使初始网络模型较差,深度学习神经网络模型也能自适应跟踪时变信道特性,且性能优于基于深度学习的混合波束形成(DLHB)技术。仿真实验还分析和比较了深度学习神经网络模型在不同超参数下的频谱效率。与DLHB的基准技术相比,本文提出的自适应混合预编码技术在定常环境下可训练参数进一步减少51.54%,在时变环境下可训练参数进一步减少76.14%。在减小参数尺寸的情况下,该技术比DLHB快1.6 ms,并且具有更好的频谱效率。
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引用次数: 1
An Image Feature Points Assisted Point Cloud Matching Scheme in Odometry Estimation for SLAM Systems SLAM系统里程估计中图像特征点辅助点云匹配方案
You-Cheng Zhang, Y. Hwang
This paper presents an image feature points assisted scheme to accelerate the process of point cloud matching in Odometry Estimation (OE) equipped with a Lidar camera. To calculate the changes of position and orientation of a camera across successive frames accurately, the corresponding point pairs between two laser point clouds must be identified first, which calls for a time-consuming iterative process. Conventional approaches utilize the laser point cloud data only and do not leverage the information of camera image to expedite the matching process. The proposed scheme analyzes the image first to identify the regions rich of feature points. Compared to flat regions, these regions serve better in point cloud matching. The size of the point could can be largely reduced by pruning out the regions less significant in terms of feature points. This speeds up the process without noticeable compromise of the matching accuracy. We implement the scheme in the odometry estimation module of a Simultaneous Localization and Mapping (SLAM) system and evaluate possible performance enhancement from the proposed scheme. Experimental results show that the enhancement in OE is more significant in a more planar environment. the time saving can be up to 18.9% and the deviation in path trajectory estimation is negligible.
提出了一种图像特征点辅助方案,以加快激光雷达测速估计中点云匹配的速度。为了准确地计算相机在连续帧之间的位置和方向变化,必须首先识别两个激光点云之间对应的点对,这需要一个耗时的迭代过程。传统方法仅利用激光点云数据,而不利用相机图像信息来加快匹配过程。该方案首先对图像进行分析,识别特征点丰富的区域。与平面区域相比,这些区域的点云匹配效果更好。通过修剪特征点不太重要的区域,可以大大减小点的大小。这加快了过程,而不会明显损害匹配精度。我们在一个同步定位与测绘(SLAM)系统的里程估计模块中实现了该方案,并评估了该方案可能带来的性能提升。实验结果表明,在平面环境下,OE的增强效果更为显著。该算法可节省18.9%的时间,轨迹估计偏差可以忽略不计。
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引用次数: 1
Bert Based Chinese Sentiment Analysis for Automatic Censoring of Dynamic Electronic Scroll 基于Bert的动态电子卷轴自动审查中文情感分析
Zong-Yu He, Wei-Liang Lin
This article uses BERT[1] algorithm to judge Chinese sentiment. The goal is to automatically censor short advertising words on advertising boards or message boards, and filter out some inappropriate speeches. The method is to collect various speeches on the internet, including online shopping reviews, meal reviews, store reviews, etc., as well as emotion dictionaries, and use these data to train the algorithm so that the algorithm can correctly identify the emotions of short sentences.
本文使用BERT[1]算法来判断中国人的情绪。目标是自动审查广告板或留言板上的简短广告词,并过滤掉一些不适当的言论。方法是收集网络上的各种演讲,包括网上购物评论、用餐评论、商店评论等,以及情绪词典,并使用这些数据来训练算法,使算法能够正确识别短句子的情绪。
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引用次数: 0
Stereo Video Depth Estimation Based on Disparity Map Propagation 基于视差图传播的立体视频深度估计
Chen-Yu Wang, Wei-Jong Yang, Chien-Yu Chiou, Meng Chen, Chung Ming Wang, Yu-Jyh Wang, P. Chung
Stereo matching algorithm is used to estimating the depth value correspond with two frames taken from left and right cameras. Due to the movement of the objects, the output of depth map will easily vibrate without confidence. Moreover, surrounding information which cover by other objects may cause significant impacts and problems for the users. Therefore, the stability of depth maps is a crucial point for precisely outcomes. This paper proposes a new notion that considers the motion of objects, the frames in different time, and the relationship between left and right frames to propagate a new depth map. The regions of each objects are estimated using quadtree and contrast context histogram. The experimental results show the proposed method surpass conventional stereo matching methods.
采用立体匹配算法估计左、右两帧图像对应的深度值。由于物体的运动,深度图的输出容易产生不自信的振动。此外,被其他物体覆盖的周围信息可能会对用户造成重大影响和问题。因此,深度图的稳定性是获得精确结果的关键。本文提出了一种新的概念,该概念考虑了物体的运动、不同时间的帧以及左右帧之间的关系来传播新的深度图。使用四叉树和对比上下文直方图估计每个对象的区域。实验结果表明,该方法优于传统的立体匹配方法。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
2022 IEEE International Conference on Recent Advances in Systems Science and Engineering (RASSE)
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