Andrea Patricia Manrique-Cantillo, E. Morales-Acuña, Jean R. Linero-Cueto
Climate variability is of global interest due to its socioeconomic and environmental effects on the world’s population. In Colombia, temperature changes affect food security, especially for the most vulnerable people in the Caribbean region. We analyzed monthly air temperature in northeastern Colombia (Cesar, La Guajira, and Magdalena departments). We reconstructed time series with missing data using nonlinear principal component analysis. Subsequently, temporal variability, associations with events of climatic variability, and temporal trends were evaluated. Periodicity analyses indicate the dominance of annual variability, although statistically significant associations with periods between 3 and 7 years show the influence of El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) events. The Spearman correlation coefficient with N = 360 and 95% significance shows a better association with the Multivariate ENSO Index (rsp mean = 0.38) and the Southern Oscillation Index (rsp mean = –0.32). The multi-year monthly analysis shows positive trends, with maximum values between March (1.04 ºC month–1), and June (1.07 ºC month–1) in the valley of the Cesar department, and a minimum in March, at the northernmost La Guajira (0.2 ºC month–1).
{"title":"Variability, cycles, and trends of mean air temperature north of Colombia","authors":"Andrea Patricia Manrique-Cantillo, E. Morales-Acuña, Jean R. Linero-Cueto","doi":"10.20937/atm.53265","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20937/atm.53265","url":null,"abstract":"Climate variability is of global interest due to its socioeconomic and environmental effects on the world’s population. In Colombia, temperature changes affect food security, especially for the most vulnerable people in the Caribbean region. We analyzed monthly air temperature in northeastern Colombia (Cesar, La Guajira, and Magdalena departments). We reconstructed time series with missing data using nonlinear principal component analysis. Subsequently, temporal variability, associations with events of climatic variability, and temporal trends were evaluated. Periodicity analyses indicate the dominance of annual variability, although statistically significant associations with periods between 3 and 7 years show the influence of El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) events. The Spearman correlation coefficient with N = 360 and 95% significance shows a better association with the Multivariate ENSO Index (rsp mean = 0.38) and the Southern Oscillation Index (rsp mean = –0.32). The multi-year monthly analysis shows positive trends, with maximum values between March (1.04 ºC month–1), and June (1.07 ºC month–1) in the valley of the Cesar department, and a minimum in March, at the northernmost La Guajira (0.2 ºC month–1).","PeriodicalId":382891,"journal":{"name":"Atmósfera","volume":"51 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138593261","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Athar Hussain, Hassaan Sipra, Abdul Waheed, K. Ukhurebor
The idea of climate engineering still remains elusive, particularly in several of those developing countries that are most affected by climate change. This knowledge gap can be addressed by knowing the perception of climate change and then introducing and getting feedback on its modification via climate engineering, from the select group of developing countries. Building upon an earlier attempt to achieve these aims, a new group of three developing countries in the global South (Pakistan, Nigeria, and Kenya) is selected to examine their perspective via a total of more than 1000 responses. Descriptive and inferential results indicate that there are significant differences within the global South on awareness of global warming and climate engineering, as well as on the deployment of sulfate aerosols as a measure to delay the harshest effects of global warming.
{"title":"Exploring the academic perceptions of climate engineering in developing countries","authors":"Athar Hussain, Hassaan Sipra, Abdul Waheed, K. Ukhurebor","doi":"10.20937/atm.53264","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20937/atm.53264","url":null,"abstract":"The idea of climate engineering still remains elusive, particularly in several of those developing countries that are most affected by climate change. This knowledge gap can be addressed by knowing the perception of climate change and then introducing and getting feedback on its modification via climate engineering, from the select group of developing countries. Building upon an earlier attempt to achieve these aims, a new group of three developing countries in the global South (Pakistan, Nigeria, and Kenya) is selected to examine their perspective via a total of more than 1000 responses. Descriptive and inferential results indicate that there are significant differences within the global South on awareness of global warming and climate engineering, as well as on the deployment of sulfate aerosols as a measure to delay the harshest effects of global warming.","PeriodicalId":382891,"journal":{"name":"Atmósfera","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139252507","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-09-28DOI: 10.20937/ATM.2018.31.04.06
Ascario Pérez R., Juan Carlos Ortiz R., Luis F. Bejarano A., Luis Otero D., Juan C. Restrepo L., Andrés Franco H.
Circulation of sea breeze is a well-known and important mesoscale system, boosted by different properties of reception and storage of solar heat between land and sea during one day, and its effect on waves, currents, and transport of atmospheric contaminants, among others, has been proven. The aim of this work is to characterize sea breeze in three coastal zones of the Colombian Caribbean, in the north of South America: Riohacha, Barranquilla, and Santa Marta, through the analysis of data from the Instituto de Hidrologia, Meteorologia y Estudios Ambientales (Hydrology, Meteorology and Environmental Studies Institute) of Colombia during the period 1981-2008, and a detail analysis in the city of Santa Marta with data from the station of the Jorge Tadeo Lozano University of Bogota in the period January 1 st to December 31, 2010. Gustavsson´s method was used to identify the marine breeze cycle, its duration, frequency, and hourly pattern; hodograph representation and spectral analysis were performed according to the periodogram modified by the Welch method. It was established that the marine breeze signal in the Colombian Caribbean coast is stronger during the dry season (December-March), when it reaches the highest gradients of sea-land temperature and with a predominantly diurnal component. In the city of Santa Marta and central Caribbean, the sea breeze is stronger and more defined compared to those of the cities of Riohacha at the northeast, and Barranquilla at the southwest, reaching an estimated medium value of 4 m s –1 in March, and minimum values of 2 m s –1 in August. In Barranquilla, the sea breeze signal reaches 2.5 m s –1 , while in Riohacha it reaches 1.5 m s –1 , both in the dry season (December-March). According to the results, the strong signal in the city of Santa Marta is related to the gradient of 3 oC between the sea-land temperature in the dry season, while in Barranquilla is 1.2 oC, and in Riohacha it is less than 1oC. Despite having observed a sea-land temperature gradient close to 2.5 oC in July in the city of Riohacha, the hodograph is not well defined, and the signal magnitude is not strong, which could be related to the presence of strong synoptic winds almost the whole year, the desert landscape of the zone, and its geographical position. This the first scientific work related to marine breeze in this region of the Caribbean, and its results constitute an important base for studying the effect that such breezes may have on the spectrum of waves, upwelling, and especially in the transport of contaminants, given that Santa Marta is one of the most important harbors of mineral coal in Colombia, and one of the main touristic destinations in the northern Colombian coast.
{"title":"Sea breeze in the Colombian Caribbean coast","authors":"Ascario Pérez R., Juan Carlos Ortiz R., Luis F. Bejarano A., Luis Otero D., Juan C. Restrepo L., Andrés Franco H.","doi":"10.20937/ATM.2018.31.04.06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20937/ATM.2018.31.04.06","url":null,"abstract":"Circulation of sea breeze is a well-known and important mesoscale system, boosted by different properties of reception and storage of solar heat between land and sea during one day, and its effect on waves, currents, and transport of atmospheric contaminants, among others, has been proven. The aim of this work is to characterize sea breeze in three coastal zones of the Colombian Caribbean, in the north of South America: Riohacha, Barranquilla, and Santa Marta, through the analysis of data from the Instituto de Hidrologia, Meteorologia y Estudios Ambientales (Hydrology, Meteorology and Environmental Studies Institute) of Colombia during the period 1981-2008, and a detail analysis in the city of Santa Marta with data from the station of the Jorge Tadeo Lozano University of Bogota in the period January 1 st to December 31, 2010. Gustavsson´s method was used to identify the marine breeze cycle, its duration, frequency, and hourly pattern; hodograph representation and spectral analysis were performed according to the periodogram modified by the Welch method. It was established that the marine breeze signal in the Colombian Caribbean coast is stronger during the dry season (December-March), when it reaches the highest gradients of sea-land temperature and with a predominantly diurnal component. In the city of Santa Marta and central Caribbean, the sea breeze is stronger and more defined compared to those of the cities of Riohacha at the northeast, and Barranquilla at the southwest, reaching an estimated medium value of 4 m s –1 in March, and minimum values of 2 m s –1 in August. In Barranquilla, the sea breeze signal reaches 2.5 m s –1 , while in Riohacha it reaches 1.5 m s –1 , both in the dry season (December-March). According to the results, the strong signal in the city of Santa Marta is related to the gradient of 3 oC between the sea-land temperature in the dry season, while in Barranquilla is 1.2 oC, and in Riohacha it is less than 1oC. Despite having observed a sea-land temperature gradient close to 2.5 oC in July in the city of Riohacha, the hodograph is not well defined, and the signal magnitude is not strong, which could be related to the presence of strong synoptic winds almost the whole year, the desert landscape of the zone, and its geographical position. This the first scientific work related to marine breeze in this region of the Caribbean, and its results constitute an important base for studying the effect that such breezes may have on the spectrum of waves, upwelling, and especially in the transport of contaminants, given that Santa Marta is one of the most important harbors of mineral coal in Colombia, and one of the main touristic destinations in the northern Colombian coast.","PeriodicalId":382891,"journal":{"name":"Atmósfera","volume":"54 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134013440","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-07-01DOI: 10.20937/atm.2018.31.03.01
José Luis Pinedo Vega, Carlos H. Ríos Martínez, Mario Molina Almaraz, J. I. Dávila Rangel, F. Mireles García
This work presents an assessment of the global and hemispheric total ozone mass and its interannual variations, using the total number of daily satellite measurements from the Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer (TOMS) version 8 and Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) level 3. The mean total ozone mass was 3.1283 ± 0.1337 × 10 12 kg from November 1978 to November 1979, and 2.9979 ± 0.0917 × 10 12 kg from November 2004 to November 2005. The difference (1.3033 ± 0.3221 × 10 11 kg) represents a 4.2 ± 0.3% decrease in 26 yrs (1.615 ± 0.113% per decade), around 3% corresponding to the Northern Hemisphere and 5% corresponding to the Southern Hemisphere; 1.2 and 2.0% per decade, respectively. Differences in total ozone mass trends between Northern and Southern hemispheres indicate a change in geographic ozone distribution in the Southern Hemisphere. A linear fit between November 1978 and November 1991 shows a global ozone decrease of 4.72 × 10 9 kg per year, representing a loss of 1.5% per decade. Additionally, we found a net interannual variation of 16% of the total quantity existing during the equinoxes, when the maximum annual total ozone mass is reached.
{"title":"Total ozone mass calculation to assess the global ozone behavior","authors":"José Luis Pinedo Vega, Carlos H. Ríos Martínez, Mario Molina Almaraz, J. I. Dávila Rangel, F. Mireles García","doi":"10.20937/atm.2018.31.03.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20937/atm.2018.31.03.01","url":null,"abstract":"This work presents an assessment of the global and hemispheric total ozone mass and its interannual variations, using the total number of daily satellite measurements from the Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer (TOMS) version 8 and Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) level 3. The mean total ozone mass was 3.1283 ± 0.1337 × 10 12 kg from November 1978 to November 1979, and 2.9979 ± 0.0917 × 10 12 kg from November 2004 to November 2005. The difference (1.3033 ± 0.3221 × 10 11 kg) represents a 4.2 ± 0.3% decrease in 26 yrs (1.615 ± 0.113% per decade), around 3% corresponding to the Northern Hemisphere and 5% corresponding to the Southern Hemisphere; 1.2 and 2.0% per decade, respectively. Differences in total ozone mass trends between Northern and Southern hemispheres indicate a change in geographic ozone distribution in the Southern Hemisphere. A linear fit between November 1978 and November 1991 shows a global ozone decrease of 4.72 × 10 9 kg per year, representing a loss of 1.5% per decade. Additionally, we found a net interannual variation of 16% of the total quantity existing during the equinoxes, when the maximum annual total ozone mass is reached.","PeriodicalId":382891,"journal":{"name":"Atmósfera","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133584234","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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