Pub Date : 2019-04-15DOI: 10.1002/9781118568446.eurs0241
R. L. Lois González
{"title":"Postindustrial Economy","authors":"R. L. Lois González","doi":"10.1002/9781118568446.eurs0241","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118568446.eurs0241","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":383686,"journal":{"name":"The Wiley Blackwell Encyclopedia of Urban and Regional Studies","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115400464","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Participatory budgeting is a democratic civic-engagement process that allows community members to decide how to spend portions of an annual public budget. The first participatory-budgeting process took place in the Brazilian city of Porto Alegre in 1989 as a strategy for helping the community root out corruption and address economic inequality. In the decades since, participatory budgeting has been used in thousands of communities and institutions around the world, and it has involved hundreds of thousands of community members in determining how public funds are spent in municipalities, governmental agencies, universities, districts, schools, and other public institutions and programs.
{"title":"Participatory Budgeting","authors":"Osmany Porto Oliveira","doi":"10.4324/9781315884608-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315884608-4","url":null,"abstract":"Participatory budgeting is a democratic civic-engagement process that allows community members to decide how to spend portions of an annual public budget. The first participatory-budgeting process took place in the Brazilian city of Porto Alegre in 1989 as a strategy for helping the community root out corruption and address economic inequality. In the decades since, participatory budgeting has been used in thousands of communities and institutions around the world, and it has involved hundreds of thousands of community members in determining how public funds are spent in municipalities, governmental agencies, universities, districts, schools, and other public institutions and programs.","PeriodicalId":383686,"journal":{"name":"The Wiley Blackwell Encyclopedia of Urban and Regional Studies","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116950793","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-04-15DOI: 10.1002/9781118568446.EURS0096
Sophie Louargant
{"title":"Feminist Interventions: French Connections","authors":"Sophie Louargant","doi":"10.1002/9781118568446.EURS0096","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118568446.EURS0096","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":383686,"journal":{"name":"The Wiley Blackwell Encyclopedia of Urban and Regional Studies","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117182855","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-04-15DOI: 10.1002/9781118568446.eurs0359
Michael Larice
The Master of Urban Design (MUD) degree program is a one calendar year, advanced, interdisciplinary program of study for students with a prior professional degree in architecture, landscape architecture, or city and regional planning. The program's goals are to further train designers who can work effectively in teams across a large range of scales and who have a well-developed understanding of urban places and the interdependencies of the fabric of buildings, landscapes, public ways, and the social interactions that shape them.
{"title":"Urban Design","authors":"Michael Larice","doi":"10.1002/9781118568446.eurs0359","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118568446.eurs0359","url":null,"abstract":"The Master of Urban Design (MUD) degree program is a one calendar year, advanced, interdisciplinary program of study for students with a prior professional degree in architecture, landscape architecture, or city and regional planning. The program's goals are to further train designers who can work effectively in teams across a large range of scales and who have a well-developed understanding of urban places and the interdependencies of the fabric of buildings, landscapes, public ways, and the social interactions that shape them.","PeriodicalId":383686,"journal":{"name":"The Wiley Blackwell Encyclopedia of Urban and Regional Studies","volume":"48 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127234980","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-04-15DOI: 10.1002/9781118568446.eurs0500
W. Imilan, F. Marquez
{"title":"Urban Ethnography","authors":"W. Imilan, F. Marquez","doi":"10.1002/9781118568446.eurs0500","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118568446.eurs0500","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":383686,"journal":{"name":"The Wiley Blackwell Encyclopedia of Urban and Regional Studies","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124826786","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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