The detailed procedure for the calculation of thermodynamic properties based on formulations explicit in Helmholtz energy (Lemmon & Starling, 2003) and on AGA-8 detail characterization equation (Starling & Savidge, 1992) is given in (ISO-207651-1, 2005). Here we elaborate an alternative procedure for the calculation of properties of a natural gas that was originally published in the Journal Flow Measurement and Instrumentation (Maric, 2005 & 2007). The procedure is derived using fundamental thermodynamic equations (Olander, 2007), DIPPR AIChE (DIPPR® Project 801, 2005) generic ideal heat capacity equations, and AGA-8 (Starling & Savidge, 1992) extended virial-type equations of state. The procedure specifies the calculation of specific heat capacities at a constant pressure cp and at a constant volume cv, the JT coefficient μJT, and the isentropic exponent κ of a natural gas. The effect of a JT expansion on the accuracy of natural gas flow rate measurements will be pointed out. The possibilities of using the computational intelligence methods - Artificial Neural Networks - ANNs (Ferrari & Stengel, 2005, Wilamowski et al., 2008) and machine learning tools - Group Method of Data Handling - GMDH (Ivakhnenko, 1971, Nikolaev & Iba, 2003) for meta-modeling the effects of natural gas properties in flow rate measurements (Maric & Ivek, 2010) will be illustrated. The practical examples of ANN and GMDH surrogate models for the compensation of natural gas flow rate measurement error caused by the thermodynamic effects, with the corresponding accuracies and execution times will be given. The models are particularly suitable for implementation in low computing power embedded systems.
{"title":"Natural gas properties and flow computation","authors":"I. Marić, I. Ivek","doi":"10.5772/9871","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/9871","url":null,"abstract":"The detailed procedure for the calculation of thermodynamic properties based on formulations explicit in Helmholtz energy (Lemmon & Starling, 2003) and on AGA-8 detail characterization equation (Starling & Savidge, 1992) is given in (ISO-207651-1, 2005). Here we elaborate an alternative procedure for the calculation of properties of a natural gas that was originally published in the Journal Flow Measurement and Instrumentation (Maric, 2005 & 2007). The procedure is derived using fundamental thermodynamic equations (Olander, 2007), DIPPR AIChE (DIPPR® Project 801, 2005) generic ideal heat capacity equations, and AGA-8 (Starling & Savidge, 1992) extended virial-type equations of state. The procedure specifies the calculation of specific heat capacities at a constant pressure cp and at a constant volume cv, the JT coefficient μJT, and the isentropic exponent κ of a natural gas. The effect of a JT expansion on the accuracy of natural gas flow rate measurements will be pointed out. The possibilities of using the computational intelligence methods - Artificial Neural Networks - ANNs (Ferrari & Stengel, 2005, Wilamowski et al., 2008) and machine learning tools - Group Method of Data Handling - GMDH (Ivakhnenko, 1971, Nikolaev & Iba, 2003) for meta-modeling the effects of natural gas properties in flow rate measurements (Maric & Ivek, 2010) will be illustrated. The practical examples of ANN and GMDH surrogate models for the compensation of natural gas flow rate measurement error caused by the thermodynamic effects, with the corresponding accuracies and execution times will be given. The models are particularly suitable for implementation in low computing power embedded systems.","PeriodicalId":38389,"journal":{"name":"天然气地球科学","volume":"42 1","pages":"501-529"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91140345","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"636 Strategies Lead to New Federal, State Tax Planning","authors":"Robert E. Willett","doi":"10.1002/GAS.3410100607","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/GAS.3410100607","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":38389,"journal":{"name":"天然气地球科学","volume":"69 1","pages":"21-22"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77511292","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Production Technology To Add Significant New Reserves","authors":"M. Haas","doi":"10.1002/GAS.3410100806","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/GAS.3410100806","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":38389,"journal":{"name":"天然气地球科学","volume":"19 1","pages":"20-24"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83922953","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Support for marketing difficult, expensive in an industry without standards","authors":"C. Callender","doi":"10.1002/GAS.3410090502","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/GAS.3410090502","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":38389,"journal":{"name":"天然气地球科学","volume":"7 1","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89219706","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Third-party access now part of gathering test?","authors":"Douglas F. John","doi":"10.1002/GAS.3410070504","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/GAS.3410070504","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":38389,"journal":{"name":"天然气地球科学","volume":"32 1","pages":"9-11"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81915612","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Better Meeting Places for Gas Sellers and Buyers","authors":"F. Moring","doi":"10.1002/GAS.3410100809","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/GAS.3410100809","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":38389,"journal":{"name":"天然气地球科学","volume":"37 1","pages":"29-31"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89979830","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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