King''s Law Journal最新文献

{"title":"Editors' Introduction","authors":"K. D. Ewing","doi":"10.1080/09615768.2023.2263918","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09615768.2023.2263918","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":38410,"journal":{"name":"King''s Law Journal","volume":"33 11","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136104808","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mandatory constitutional referendums in Commonwealth Caribbean constitutions: placing ‘people’ at the centre of the constitution?","authors":"Cynthia Barrow-Giles, Ronnie R. F. Yearwood","doi":"10.1080/09615768.2023.2254674","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09615768.2023.2254674","url":null,"abstract":"Click to increase image sizeClick to decrease image size DISCLOSURE STATEMENTNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).Notes1 For a discussion on the theory of referendums, see S. Tierney, Constitutional Referendums: A Theoretical Enquiry (n 1).","PeriodicalId":38410,"journal":{"name":"King''s Law Journal","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135770616","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Inadequacy of Unilateral Secession Referendums in Modern Democracies","authors":"Lorne Walker-Nolan","doi":"10.1080/09615768.2023.2256213","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09615768.2023.2256213","url":null,"abstract":"Click to increase image sizeClick to decrease image size DISCLOSURE STATEMENTNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).Notes1 See introduction to the Australia Constitution which states that the country is ‘indissoluble’. See Article 39 of the Ethiopian Constitution which permits secession.2 Mark McLaughlin and Sara Wildernberg, ‘We Will Hold Referendum Come What May, Nicola Sturgeon Tells Rishi Sunak’ The Times (11 November 2022) <https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/we-will-hold-referendum-come-what-may-nicola-sturgeon-tells-rishi-sunak--r09k2tbgn> accessed 18 August 2023.3 There is a precedent in s 1 Northern Ireland Act 1998 as part of the Good Friday Agreement.4 Reference by the Lord Advocate of devolution issues under paragraph 34 of Schedule 6 to the Scotland Act [2022] UKSC 31.5 The Spanish Constitution, art. 149.1.32.6 STC 32/2015 de 25 de febrero Disposición 2833 del BOE núm. 64 de 2015 (in Spanish).7 Judgement No. 118. Year 2015 Italian Constitutional Court. S118_2015_en.pdf (cortecostituzionale.it). German Federal Constitutional Court. BVerfG, Beschluss vom 16.12.2016–2 BvR 349/16 (cf.). It was a resolution (Beschluss), not a judgement (Entscheidung/Urteil).8 Ethiopian Constitution, art 39.9 St Kitts and Nevis Constitution, s 113.10 Ibid.11 ‘Advocate General: Scottish Government consultation won't remove legal problem with referendum16 January 2012’ <https://www.gov.uk/government/news/advocate-general-scottish-government-consultation-wont-remove-legal-problem-with-referendum> accessed 17 August 2023.12 Agreement between the United Kingdom Government and the Scottish Government on a referendum on independence for Scotland (The Edinburgh Agreement). 15 October 2012.13 Lorne Walker-Nolan. Chess, ´Brexit, ‘El Proces’ and Referenda’ (Spain in English, 27 May 2019). <https://www.spainenglish.com/2019/05/27/opinion-chess-brexit-proces-referenda/> accessed 17 August 2023.14 Peter Radan, ‘Secessionist Referenda in International and Domestic Law’ (2012) 18 Nationalism and Ethnic Politics 8, 14.15 Memorandum of Understanding between the Government of the Republic of Indonesia and the Free Aceh Movement, 15 August 2005.16 Günter Rautz, ‘South Tyrolean Autonomy as a Model for Coexistence between Ethnic Groups’ in Zoltán Kantor (ed), Autonomies in Europe: Solutions and Challenges (2014). For more, see Pau Bossacoma i Busquets. Justícia i legalitat de la secessió Una teoria de l’autodeterminació nacional des de Cataluny (Generalitat de Catalunya, Institut d’Estudis Autonòmics 2015) (in Catalan).17 Sam Jones, ‘Separatist movement in Catalonia steps up battle with Madrid’ The Guardian (28 July 2016) < https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/jul/27/catalonia-independence-spain-democratic-mandate > accessed 17 August 2023.18 Moreover, even clear majorities in unilateral referendums such as in Somaliland and Krajina were an irrelevance, as were those with high turnouts such as in Tartarstan. See Matt Qvortrup, ‘Breaking up is Hard to D","PeriodicalId":38410,"journal":{"name":"King''s Law Journal","volume":"79 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136135739","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Constitutionalising Abortion: Consequences for Politics and Policy","authors":"Theresa Reidy","doi":"10.1080/09615768.2023.2258578","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09615768.2023.2258578","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":38410,"journal":{"name":"King''s Law Journal","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135059782","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The perils and promise of direct democracy: Labour ballot initiatives in the United States","authors":"Kate Andrias","doi":"10.1080/09615768.2023.2253593","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09615768.2023.2253593","url":null,"abstract":"Click to increase image sizeClick to decrease image size Notes1 See Guy Davidov, Mark Freedland and Nicola Kountouris, ‘The Subjects of Labor Law: “Employees” and Other Workers’ in Matthew Finkin and Guy Mundlak (eds), Research Handbook in Comparative Labor Law (Edward Elgar Publishing 2015); Veena Dubal, ‘The New Racial Wage Code’ (2021) 15 Harv L Pol’y Rev 512, 529.2 The status of rideshare drivers may soon change given a recent decision from the National Labor Relations Board (NLRB), The Atlantic Opera Inc NLRB 10-RC-276292 (2023), and a pending rule from DOL, Employee or Independent Contractor Classification Under the Fair Labor Standards Act, 87 Fed Reg 62218 (proposed 13 October 2022) (to be codified at scattered sections of 29 CFR), both of which make it harder for firms to classify workers as independent contractors.3 However, they must do so consistent with federal antitrust law. See Chamber of Commerce v Seattle, 890 F3d 769 (9th Cir 2018) (striking down Seattle ordinance providing collective bargaining rights to ride share drivers for failing to fall within the state action exemption to federal antitrust law). But see Confederación Hípica de Puerto Rico, Inc. v. Confederación de Jinetes Puertorriqueños Inc 30 F4th 306, 313 (1st Cir 2022) (holding that the labour exemption from the antitrust laws, which exempts labour disputes that ‘concern[] terms or conditions of employment’ encompasses concerted action by independent contractors that relates to an employer—employee relationship).4 Dynamex Operations West Inc v Superior Court of Los Angeles County 4 Cal 5th 903 (2018) (adopting the so-called ‘ABC test,’ which allows employers to classify workers as independent contractors only if the worker is free from the employer’s control both in theory and in practice; the worker performs work outside of the employer’s usual course of business; and the worker is engaged in a customarily independent trade); see also Guy Davidov and Pnina Alon-Shenker, ‘The ABC Test: A New Model for Employment Status Determinations’ (2022) 51 Industrial L Rev 235, 236–37.5 AB5, 2019 Leg Sess (Cal 2019) (hereafter AB5).6 Dubal (n 1) 529.7 Josh Eidelson, ‘Teamsters Union Splits from Uber and Lyft on California Worker Rights Law’ (Bloomberg 25 July 25 2019) (describing Governor Newsom's efforts to get unions and platform companies to agree to a compromise). In its final form, the bill exempted some categories of workers, including insurance professionals, certain healthcare workers, other heavily licensed workers like lawyers and accountants. AB5 (n 5) § 2(b). The legislature also added an exemption for musical artists in September 2020. AB 2257, ch 38, 2019–2020 Reg Sess § 2780(a)(4)(C) (Cal 2020). It also allowed them to form collective bargaining agreements defining their employment status. Ibid. For a further discussion of the exemptions to the law, see Davidov and Alon-Shenker (n 4).8 AB5 (n 5) § 2(i)(3).9 AB5 (n 5) § 1.10 Cal Business & Professional Code § 16703","PeriodicalId":38410,"journal":{"name":"King''s Law Journal","volume":"185 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135149319","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Referendum Turnout: Compulsory or Voluntary?","authors":"Graeme Orr","doi":"10.1080/09615768.2023.2245120","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09615768.2023.2245120","url":null,"abstract":"Click to increase image sizeClick to decrease image size Notes1 ‘Back’ implies that sovereignty derives from the people. ‘Referring’ reminds that a process of choosing which issues to send to a vote – and how to frame them – is involved.2 Eg, Jason Brennan and Lisa Hill, Compulsory Voting: For and Against (Cambridge University Press, 2014), Sarah Birch, Full Participation: a Comparative Study of Compulsory Voting (United Nations University Press, 2009) and Shane P Singh, Beyond Turnout: How Compulsory Voting Shapes Citizens and Political Parties (Oxford University Press, 2021).3 Eg, Costas Panagopoulos, ‘The Calculus of Voting in Compulsory Voting Systems’ (2008) 30 Political Behavior 455 cf Alberto Chong and Mauricio Olivera, ‘On Compulsory Voting and Income Equality’ (Inter-American Development Bank, Working Paper #33, 5/2005).4 Eg, Loren E Lomasky and Geoffrey Brennan, ‘Is There a Duty to Vote?’ (2000) 17 Social Philosophy and Policy 62 cf Michael M Bechtel et al, ‘Compulsory Voting, Habit Formation, and Political Participation’ (2018) 100 The Review of Economics and Statistics 467.5 Eg, Bart Engelen, ‘Why Compulsory Voting Can Enhance Democracy’ (2007) 42 Acta Politica 23. Conversely, it has been argued that compulsion could be used to accentuate a slippage into anti-democratic populism: Pete Crabb, ‘Compulsory Voting and Populism’ (SSRN, doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3662725, 5/9/2020).6 Eg, Xenophon Contiades and Alkmene Fotiadou, Participatory Constitutional Change: The People as Amenders of the Constitution (Routledge, 2016) and Julie Smith, The Palgrave Handbook of European Referendums (Palgrave Macmillan, 2021).7 Respectively: Karin Gilland Lutz and Simon Hug (eds), Financing Referendum Campaigns (Palgrave Macmillan, 2009), Sandrine Baume et al (eds); Misinformation in Referenda (Routledge, 2020); and Ron Levy et al, Deliberative Peace Referendums (Oxford University Press, 2021).8 Eg, Emilee Booth Chapman, ‘The Distinctive Value of Elections and the Case of Compulsory Voting’ (2019) 63 American Journal of Political Science 101, 102 (parenthetically suggesting that the case for compulsion in large-scale elections ‘potentially’ applies to referendums).9 See distinctions in Larry LeDuc, The Politics of Direct Democracy: Referendums in Global Perspective (University of Toronto Press, 2003) 39. I do not otherwise adopt LeDuc’s four-part typology of referendum topics (‘constitutional issues’, ‘treaties and international agreements’, ‘sovereignty, national self-determination and devolution’, and ‘public policy issues’). Whilst useful for a political scientist, they involve too much overlap to be categorically useful.10 Rick Hasen, ‘Voting Without Law?’ (1996) 144 University of Pennsylvania Law Review 2135, 2135.11 In some systems of course, citizens can initiate constitutional referendums, as in Italy and some smaller European democracies: Alan Renwick and Jess Sergeant, ‘The Rules of Referendums’ in Smith, above n 6, 71.12 ‘The concept of representati","PeriodicalId":38410,"journal":{"name":"King''s Law Journal","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135651879","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}