Anemia, a major public health concern impacting physical performance and morbidity, requires etiological assessment as iron deficiency anemia (IDA, 55.7%) may mask hematologic malignancies. This 2022 cross-sectional study at Monastir's Hematology Department included 296 patients (mean age 47 years, female predominance). Anemic syndrome prompted 68% of consultations, with fatigue/dizziness predominant. Mean hemoglobin (Hb) was 7.9 g/dL; severe anemia (Hb <8 g/dL) affected 49.7%. Isolated anemia prevailed (67.6%) over pancytopenia (11.4%). Leading etiologies were IDA (55.7%, mostly idiopathic), megaloblastic anemia (13%, mainly B12 deficiency), Myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS, 11%), multiple myeloma (MM, 5.7%), and acute leukemia (AL, 3.7%). Other causes included renal failure, hypothyroidism, and drug toxicity. The heterogeneous etiological profile underscores the need for systematic, comprehensive diagnostic approaches to identify both benign and malignant causes for optimal management.
{"title":"Clinical and etiological profile of anemia in a clinical hematology department of North Africa : A cross-sectional study","authors":"Wiem Boufrikha , Sirine Ben Salem , Nourhene Mazhoud , Arwa Guedich , Nader Slama , Sarra Boukhris , Mohamed Adnene Lattiri","doi":"10.1016/j.lrr.2026.100571","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.lrr.2026.100571","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Anemia, a major public health concern impacting physical performance and morbidity, requires etiological assessment as iron deficiency anemia (IDA, 55.7%) may mask hematologic malignancies. This 2022 cross-sectional study at Monastir's Hematology Department included 296 patients (mean age 47 years, female predominance). Anemic syndrome prompted 68% of consultations, with fatigue/dizziness predominant. Mean hemoglobin (Hb) was 7.9 g/dL; severe anemia (Hb <8 g/dL) affected 49.7%. Isolated anemia prevailed (67.6%) over pancytopenia (11.4%). Leading etiologies were IDA (55.7%, mostly idiopathic), megaloblastic anemia (13%, mainly B12 deficiency), Myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS, 11%), multiple myeloma (MM, 5.7%), and acute leukemia (AL, 3.7%). Other causes included renal failure, hypothyroidism, and drug toxicity. The heterogeneous etiological profile underscores the need for systematic, comprehensive diagnostic approaches to identify both benign and malignant causes for optimal management.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":38435,"journal":{"name":"Leukemia Research Reports","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 100571"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147327147","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-01Epub Date: 2026-03-03DOI: 10.1016/j.lrr.2026.100577
Hamza Khoudari , Abdalla Shoaib , Muhammad Nashatizadeh , Nausheen Ahmed , Forat Lutfi , Muhammad Mushtaq , Leyla Shune , Anurag Singh , Sunil Abhyankar , Joseph McGuirk , Haitham Abdelhakim
Anti-BCMA CAR T-cell therapy, specifically ciltacabtagene autoleucel, has significantly improved outcomes for relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma (RRMM). While early-onset immune-effector cell–associated neurotoxicity syndrome (ICANS) is a recognized complication, delayed-onset and non-ICANS neurological syndromes, such as movement and neurocognitive toxicity (MNT), present unique diagnostic and therapeutic challenges.
We report a case of a 61-year-old female with a 15-year history of RRMM who developed severe, delayed neurotoxicity 50 days after ciltacabtagene autoleucel infusion. The clinical course began with confusion and rapidly progressed to grade 4 ICANS characterized by lethargy, rigidity, and parkinsonian features. Serial MRI imaging revealed evolving, symmetric T2/FLAIR hyperintensities in the basal ganglia and brainstem, and reactive pachymeningitis. Despite aggressive multi modal immunosuppression, the patient’s condition remained refractory and expired on day 93. Post-mortem autopsy confirmed severe bilateral hippocampal sclerosis, diffuse gliosis, and microglial infiltration.
This case highlights a fatal presentation of delayed neurotoxicity that overlaps with the emerging MNT phenotype. As CAR-T therapies expand, this case underscores the necessity for prolonged clinical vigilance and the urgent need for novel management strategies for refractory, late-onset neurotoxicity.
抗bcma CAR - t细胞疗法，特别是ciltacabtagene autoeucel，显著改善了复发/难治性多发性骨髓瘤（RRMM）的预后。虽然早发性免疫效应细胞相关神经毒性综合征（ICANS）是公认的并发症，但迟发性和非ICANS神经综合征，如运动和神经认知毒性（MNT），呈现出独特的诊断和治疗挑战。我们报告一例61岁女性，有15年的RRMM病史，在西他卡他烯自脱醇输注后50天出现严重的迟发性神经毒性。临床病程以混乱开始，并迅速发展为以嗜睡、僵硬和帕金森特征为特征的4级ICANS。连续MRI成像显示基底节区和脑干不断发展，对称的T2/FLAIR高信号，反应性厚性脑膜炎。尽管有积极的多模式免疫抑制，患者的病情仍然难治性，并于93天死亡。死后尸检证实严重的双侧海马硬化，弥漫性胶质细胞增生和小胶质细胞浸润。这个病例强调了与新出现的MNT表型重叠的延迟神经毒性的致命表现。随着CAR-T疗法的扩展，该病例强调了延长临床警惕的必要性，以及迫切需要针对难治性迟发性神经毒性的新管理策略。
{"title":"Delayed fatal neurotoxicity in post CAR-T cell therapy for multiple myeloma, a case report","authors":"Hamza Khoudari , Abdalla Shoaib , Muhammad Nashatizadeh , Nausheen Ahmed , Forat Lutfi , Muhammad Mushtaq , Leyla Shune , Anurag Singh , Sunil Abhyankar , Joseph McGuirk , Haitham Abdelhakim","doi":"10.1016/j.lrr.2026.100577","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.lrr.2026.100577","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Anti-BCMA CAR T-cell therapy, specifically ciltacabtagene autoleucel, has significantly improved outcomes for relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma (RRMM). While early-onset immune-effector cell–associated neurotoxicity syndrome (ICANS) is a recognized complication, delayed-onset and non-ICANS neurological syndromes, such as movement and neurocognitive toxicity (MNT), present unique diagnostic and therapeutic challenges.</div><div>We report a case of a 61-year-old female with a 15-year history of RRMM who developed severe, delayed neurotoxicity 50 days after ciltacabtagene autoleucel infusion. The clinical course began with confusion and rapidly progressed to grade 4 ICANS characterized by lethargy, rigidity, and parkinsonian features. Serial MRI imaging revealed evolving, symmetric T2/FLAIR hyperintensities in the basal ganglia and brainstem, and reactive pachymeningitis. Despite aggressive multi modal immunosuppression, the patient’s condition remained refractory and expired on day 93. Post-mortem autopsy confirmed severe bilateral hippocampal sclerosis, diffuse gliosis, and microglial infiltration.</div><div>This case highlights a fatal presentation of delayed neurotoxicity that overlaps with the emerging MNT phenotype. As CAR-T therapies expand, this case underscores the necessity for prolonged clinical vigilance and the urgent need for novel management strategies for refractory, late-onset neurotoxicity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":38435,"journal":{"name":"Leukemia Research Reports","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 100577"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147394856","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We report a rare phenotype of Stage IV extranodal marginal zone lymphoma (MALT lymphoma) manifesting as diffuse, asymptomatic skeletal muscle and bone marrow infiltration in a 60-year-old female. Despite a high tumor burden and intense ¹⁸F-FDG avidity (SUVmax 8.8), muscle enzymes remained normal, indicating a non-destructive "silent infiltrator" growth pattern. The diagnosis was confirmed via biopsy (CD20+, CD5-, CyclinD1-) and negative MYD88 L265P mutation status, excluding lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma. The patient achieved a Complete Metabolic Response following Bendamustine-Rituximab therapy. This case underscores the utility of PET/CT in detecting occult systemic disease and defines a unique, indolent clinical variant of muscular MALT lymphoma.
{"title":"Systemic, asymptomatic skeletal muscle infiltration by MALT lymphoma: Defining a 'silent infiltrator' phenotype with 18F-FDG PET/CT","authors":"Yasuyuki Takahashi , Ken Naganuma , Yuka Tanaka , Noriyuki Sakata , Taisuke Kawada , Masahiro Kizaki , Shuji Momose , Morihiro Higashi , Takayuki Tabayashi","doi":"10.1016/j.lrr.2026.100573","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.lrr.2026.100573","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We report a rare phenotype of Stage IV extranodal marginal zone lymphoma (MALT lymphoma) manifesting as diffuse, asymptomatic skeletal muscle and bone marrow infiltration in a 60-year-old female. Despite a high tumor burden and intense ¹⁸F-FDG avidity (SUVmax 8.8), muscle enzymes remained normal, indicating a non-destructive \"silent infiltrator\" growth pattern. The diagnosis was confirmed via biopsy (CD20+, CD5-, CyclinD1-) and negative MYD88 L265P mutation status, excluding lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma. The patient achieved a Complete Metabolic Response following Bendamustine-Rituximab therapy. This case underscores the utility of PET/CT in detecting occult systemic disease and defines a unique, indolent clinical variant of muscular MALT lymphoma.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":38435,"journal":{"name":"Leukemia Research Reports","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 100573"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147378987","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-01Epub Date: 2025-12-18DOI: 10.1016/j.lrr.2025.100556
Donia Bouhoula, Haifa Regaieg, Hela Abroug, Nesrine Ben Sayed, Yossra Ben Youssef
Pediatric acute myeloid leukemia outcomes in resource-limited regions remain understudied, particularly regarding how regional epidemiologic patterns interact with prognostic determinants. Our Tunisian cohort (n=68) reveals distinct pediatric AML features: older presentation (median 11 years), male predominance (63%), and unexpected AML2 subtype prevalence (35%). Cytogenetics showed 24% favorable-risk and 22% adverse-risk cases. Treatment outcomes correlated strongly with risk stratification, emphasizing the need for adapted diagnostic protocols in resource-conscious settings to optimize care pathways.
{"title":"Pediatric AML in Sousse, Tunisia: Epidemiologic patterns and hierarchical prognostic factors","authors":"Donia Bouhoula, Haifa Regaieg, Hela Abroug, Nesrine Ben Sayed, Yossra Ben Youssef","doi":"10.1016/j.lrr.2025.100556","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.lrr.2025.100556","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Pediatric acute myeloid leukemia outcomes in resource-limited regions remain understudied, particularly regarding how regional epidemiologic patterns interact with prognostic determinants. Our Tunisian cohort (n=68) reveals distinct pediatric AML features: older presentation (median 11 years), male predominance (63%), and unexpected AML2 subtype prevalence (35%). Cytogenetics showed 24% favorable-risk and 22% adverse-risk cases. Treatment outcomes correlated strongly with risk stratification, emphasizing the need for adapted diagnostic protocols in resource-conscious settings to optimize care pathways.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":38435,"journal":{"name":"Leukemia Research Reports","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 100556"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145938759","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
To systematically evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of decitabine (DAC) combined with CAG regimen in the treatment of elderly patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) using meta-analysis
Methods
The studies reported the clinical efficacy and safety of DAC combined with CAG regimen in the treatment of elderly AML patients were searched in Pubmed, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wanfang Database, and VIP database by computer. On the basis of the screening criteria, the non-conforming literature was eliminated and the final selected literature was analyzed. The methodological quality was assessed and the research data was extracted. Revman 5.3 software was used to assess the clinical efficacy and safety of DAC combined with CAG in the treatment of elderly AML patients, which were shown with forest map. The funnel plots were used to test publication bias.
Results
Thirteen studies involving 1133 elderly AML patients were included. Meta-analysis demonstrated that in comparison with CAG alone group, the CR rate (Z = 5.50, P < 0.001) and total effective rate (Z = 8.71, P < 0.001) of DAC combined with CAG group were higher, while there was no significant difference in PR rate between the two groups (Z = 1.59, P = 0.11). And the infection rate (Z = 3.56, P < 0.001) and fever rate (Z = 5.86, P < 0.001) of DAC combined with CAG group were increased. There were no significant differences in the rates of hematological adverse reactions (P = 0.14), gastrointestinal reactions (P = 0.05), alopecia (P = 0.39), heart injury (P = 0.55), liver and kidney injury (P = 0.74) and myelosuppression (P = 0.82) between the two groups.
Conclusion
Compared with CAG alone regimen, DAC combined with CAG regimen improves clinical efficacy in elderly AML patients, but increases risks of infection and fever-related adverse events.
{"title":"Meta-analysis of clinical efficacy and safety of decitabine combined with CAG regimen in the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia in the elderly","authors":"Yanxia He, Lili Zhang, Mengmeng Liu, Fuhua Zhang, Hui Gao","doi":"10.1016/j.lrr.2025.100559","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.lrr.2025.100559","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To systematically evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of decitabine (DAC) combined with CAG regimen in the treatment of elderly patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) using meta-analysis</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The studies reported the clinical efficacy and safety of DAC combined with CAG regimen in the treatment of elderly AML patients were searched in Pubmed, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wanfang Database, and VIP database by computer. On the basis of the screening criteria, the non-conforming literature was eliminated and the final selected literature was analyzed. The methodological quality was assessed and the research data was extracted. Revman 5.3 software was used to assess the clinical efficacy and safety of DAC combined with CAG in the treatment of elderly AML patients, which were shown with forest map. The funnel plots were used to test publication bias.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Thirteen studies involving 1133 elderly AML patients were included. Meta-analysis demonstrated that in comparison with CAG alone group, the CR rate (<em>Z</em> = 5.50, <em>P</em> < 0.001) and total effective rate (<em>Z</em> = 8.71, <em>P</em> < 0.001) of DAC combined with CAG group were higher, while there was no significant difference in PR rate between the two groups (<em>Z</em> = 1.59, <em>P</em> = 0.11). And the infection rate (<em>Z</em> = 3.56, <em>P</em> < 0.001) and fever rate (<em>Z</em> = 5.86, <em>P</em> < 0.001) of DAC combined with CAG group were increased. There were no significant differences in the rates of hematological adverse reactions (<em>P</em> = 0.14), gastrointestinal reactions (<em>P</em> = 0.05), alopecia (<em>P</em> = 0.39), heart injury (<em>P</em> = 0.55), liver and kidney injury (<em>P</em> = 0.74) and myelosuppression (<em>P</em> = 0.82) between the two groups.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Compared with CAG alone regimen, DAC combined with CAG regimen improves clinical efficacy in elderly AML patients, but increases risks of infection and fever-related adverse events.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":38435,"journal":{"name":"Leukemia Research Reports","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 100559"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146077384","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-01Epub Date: 2026-01-13DOI: 10.1016/j.lrr.2026.100563
Christian J. Puzo , Karl Hager , Michal Rose , Ellice Wong , Christopher A. Tormey , Alexa J. Siddon
This case details a patient presenting with a history of chronic leukocytosis with isolated eosinophilia, who was found to have a JAK2 G571S mutation by a next generation sequencing (NGS) panel for myeloproliferative neoplasm driver mutations. Adjunct NGS testing was performed on a sample of buccal cells to demonstrate this variant was a germline alteration, occurring in the absence of additional disease-causing mutations. The result caused the patient to be re-treated for a prior Strongyloides infection with ivermectin, which resolved his eosinophilia. This patient case highlights the likely benign polymorphic nature of the rare G571S JAK2 mutation that has been previously reported. Moreover, our results stress the importance of appropriate interpretation of rare variants of uncertain significance, namely that clinical decision making should be supported by adjunct genetic testing and with appropriate reference to each patient’s clinical context.
{"title":"Leukocytosis and a JAK2 mutation: The importance of expertise in somatic variant interpretation","authors":"Christian J. Puzo , Karl Hager , Michal Rose , Ellice Wong , Christopher A. Tormey , Alexa J. Siddon","doi":"10.1016/j.lrr.2026.100563","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.lrr.2026.100563","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This case details a patient presenting with a history of chronic leukocytosis with isolated eosinophilia, who was found to have a <em>JAK2</em> G571S mutation by a next generation sequencing (NGS) panel for myeloproliferative neoplasm driver mutations. Adjunct NGS testing was performed on a sample of buccal cells to demonstrate this variant was a germline alteration, occurring in the absence of additional disease-causing mutations. The result caused the patient to be re-treated for a prior Strongyloides infection with ivermectin, which resolved his eosinophilia. This patient case highlights the likely benign polymorphic nature of the rare G571S JAK2 mutation that has been previously reported. Moreover, our results stress the importance of appropriate interpretation of rare variants of uncertain significance, namely that clinical decision making should be supported by adjunct genetic testing and with appropriate reference to each patient’s clinical context.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":38435,"journal":{"name":"Leukemia Research Reports","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 100563"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146037337","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-01Epub Date: 2025-12-20DOI: 10.1016/j.lrr.2025.100558
Kaiqiong Liao , Chong Guo , Min Zhang , Xiaobin Lv , Jinhua Yan
Objective
The objective of this research is to explore the anti-leukemic properties of CDK4/6 inhibitors when used alongside BET inhibitors for treating acute myeloid leukemia (AML), as well as to clarify the molecular mechanisms involved.
Methods
Cell viability was assessed using the CCK-8 assay following treatment of AML cells with varying doses of SHR6390, a CDK4/6 inhibitor, and OTX015, a BET inhibitor.The time- and dose-dependent inhibitory effects of these two drugs on AML cells were assessed, and the respective IC50 and combination index (CI) values after co-treatment were calculated. The effects of SHR6390 and OTX015 on the growth potential of AML cells were additionally examined through soft agar colony formation assays and flow cytometry. Furthermore, RNA sequencing and Western blot analysis were conducted on cells treated with both drugs. The aim of this study is to explore the mechanism by which SHR6390 and OTX015 synergistically inhibit the proliferation of AML cells.The anti-tumor activity of SHR6390 and/or OTX015 in AML xenograft mice was also investigated through animal experiments.
Results
1. Either the CDK4/6 inhibitor SHR6390 or the BRD4 inhibitor OTX015, or a combination of the two, were employed to hinder both the survival and proliferation of cell lines associated with acute myeloid leukemia, showing a synergistic effect. 2. The combined application of SHR6390 and OTX015 markedly suppresses the invasive and migratory capacities of acute myeloid leukemia cells.3. The use of both SHR6390 and OTX015 induces apoptosis in acute myeloid leukemia cells while also disrupting cell cycle progression, leading to a halt before DNA replication occurs. 4. SHR6390 and OTX015 hinder the proliferation of acute myeloid leukemia cells by targeting both the PI3K-AKT-mTOR and the Wnt-β-Catenin pathway. 5. SHR6390 and OTX015 Synergistically Inhibit the Growth of AML Xenografts In Vivo.
{"title":"The synergistic tumor suppressor effect of CDK4/6 inhibitors and BRD4 inhibitors in acute myeloid leukemia","authors":"Kaiqiong Liao , Chong Guo , Min Zhang , Xiaobin Lv , Jinhua Yan","doi":"10.1016/j.lrr.2025.100558","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.lrr.2025.100558","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>The objective of this research is to explore the anti-leukemic properties of CDK4/6 inhibitors when used alongside BET inhibitors for treating acute myeloid leukemia (AML), as well as to clarify the molecular mechanisms involved.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Cell viability was assessed using the CCK-8 assay following treatment of AML cells with varying doses of SHR6390, a CDK4/6 inhibitor, and OTX015, a BET inhibitor.The time- and dose-dependent inhibitory effects of these two drugs on AML cells were assessed, and the respective IC50 and combination index (CI) values after co-treatment were calculated. The effects of SHR6390 and OTX015 on the growth potential of AML cells were additionally examined through soft agar colony formation assays and flow cytometry. Furthermore, RNA sequencing and Western blot analysis were conducted on cells treated with both drugs. The aim of this study is to explore the mechanism by which SHR6390 and OTX015 synergistically inhibit the proliferation of AML cells.The anti-tumor activity of SHR6390 and/or OTX015 in AML xenograft mice was also investigated through animal experiments.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>1. Either the CDK4/6 inhibitor SHR6390 or the BRD4 inhibitor OTX015, or a combination of the two, were employed to hinder both the survival and proliferation of cell lines associated with acute myeloid leukemia, showing a synergistic effect. 2. The combined application of SHR6390 and OTX015 markedly suppresses the invasive and migratory capacities of acute myeloid leukemia cells.3. The use of both SHR6390 and OTX015 induces apoptosis in acute myeloid leukemia cells while also disrupting cell cycle progression, leading to a halt before DNA replication occurs. 4. SHR6390 and OTX015 hinder the proliferation of acute myeloid leukemia cells by targeting both the PI3K-AKT-mTOR and the Wnt-β-Catenin pathway. 5. SHR6390 and OTX015 Synergistically Inhibit the Growth of AML Xenografts In Vivo.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":38435,"journal":{"name":"Leukemia Research Reports","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 100558"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145977084","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-01Epub Date: 2026-03-02DOI: 10.1016/j.lrr.2026.100578
Tung-Lin Chiang , John Frater , Amanda Cashen
Bruton tyrosine kinase (BTK) inhibitors are used to treat chronic lymphocytic leukemia/small lymphocytic lymphoma (CLL/SLL), providing survival benefits over traditional chemoimmunotherapy. Richter transformation is the transformation of CLL/SLL into an aggressive lymphoma, typically necessitating an immediate start of treatment. This case report presents a CLL/SLL patient developing pathology-proven Richter transformation after a short hold of the BTK inhibitor, without clinical evidence of disease progression. This case also demonstrates that the pathology-only Richter transformation after a pause of the BTK inhibitor can respond to resumption of the inhibitor, without the addition of intensive chemotherapy.
{"title":"Richter-like transformation of CLL/SLL after a temporary hold of ibrutinib: A case report","authors":"Tung-Lin Chiang , John Frater , Amanda Cashen","doi":"10.1016/j.lrr.2026.100578","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.lrr.2026.100578","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Bruton tyrosine kinase (BTK) inhibitors are used to treat chronic lymphocytic leukemia/small lymphocytic lymphoma (CLL/SLL), providing survival benefits over traditional chemoimmunotherapy. Richter transformation is the transformation of CLL/SLL into an aggressive lymphoma, typically necessitating an immediate start of treatment. This case report presents a CLL/SLL patient developing pathology-proven Richter transformation after a short hold of the BTK inhibitor, without clinical evidence of disease progression. This case also demonstrates that the pathology-only Richter transformation after a pause of the BTK inhibitor can respond to resumption of the inhibitor, without the addition of intensive chemotherapy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":38435,"journal":{"name":"Leukemia Research Reports","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 100578"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147394909","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In children, acute promyelocytic leukemia is a distinct and underreported entity. The objective of our study is to report the therapeutic outcomes of APL in the pediatric population.
Methods
This was a descriptive, retrospective, single-center study including 30 patients diagnosed with APL over an 18-year period. Patients were treated in the Hematology Department of Aziza Othmana Hospital in Tunis.
Results
The median age at diagnosis was 11 years, with a sex ratio of 0.87. Half of the patients were classified as high-risk. Post-induction cytologic remission was achieved in 86.6 % of patients. There were five cases of relapse, 60 % of which were early relapses. The 5-year overall survival rate was 70.6 %.The 5-year event-free survival rate was 72 %. The 5-year relapse-free survival rate was 80 %.
Conclusion
Although our results were satisfactory, they revealed a poor prognosis for relapsed patients. A larger study focusing on relapse characteristics is needed.
{"title":"Therapeutic outcomes of acute promyelocytic leukemia in children","authors":"Sirine Chatti, Emna Azza, Marwa Bahri, Roua Hsasna, Yosr Ben Abdennebi, Lamia Aissaoui","doi":"10.1016/j.lrr.2026.100569","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.lrr.2026.100569","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>In children, acute promyelocytic leukemia is a distinct and underreported entity. The objective of our study is to report the therapeutic outcomes of APL in the pediatric population.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This was a descriptive, retrospective, single-center study including 30 patients diagnosed with APL over an 18-year period. Patients were treated in the Hematology Department of Aziza Othmana Hospital in Tunis.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The median age at diagnosis was 11 years, with a sex ratio of 0.87. Half of the patients were classified as high-risk. Post-induction cytologic remission was achieved in 86.6 % of patients. There were five cases of relapse, 60 % of which were early relapses. The 5-year overall survival rate was 70.6 %.The 5-year event-free survival rate was 72 %. The 5-year relapse-free survival rate was 80 %.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Although our results were satisfactory, they revealed a poor prognosis for relapsed patients. A larger study focusing on relapse characteristics is needed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":38435,"journal":{"name":"Leukemia Research Reports","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 100569"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147395026","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-01Epub Date: 2026-01-12DOI: 10.1016/j.lrr.2026.100561
Jordan Rubenstein, Sarah M. Schwartz, Jay Vankawala, Michael Caplan, Steven Shea, Joseph G. Jurcic
Imatinib, a tyrosine kinase inhibitor used for chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) and gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST), is associated with myalgia and creatine kinase (CK) elevations, though severe rhabdomyolysis and myopathy are rare. We report an 83-year-old woman with CML who developed progressive proximal weakness, dark urine, and acute kidney injury after three years of imatinib therapy. Laboratory evaluation revealed CK >24,000 U/L, transaminitis, and myoglobinuria. MRI showed diffuse muscle and fascial edema, while autoimmune testing was negative. Imatinib and rosuvastatin were discontinued, and the patient was managed with intravenous fluids and supportive care. CK and renal function normalized within 10 days, with substantial recovery of strength. The strong temporal relationship between drug withdrawal and improvement implicates imatinib as the etiology. This case represents one of the most severe reported instances of imatinib-induced rhabdomyolysis. Early recognition and discontinuation are essential to prevent life-threatening sequelae.
{"title":"Imatinib-induced rhabdomyolysis: A case report","authors":"Jordan Rubenstein, Sarah M. Schwartz, Jay Vankawala, Michael Caplan, Steven Shea, Joseph G. Jurcic","doi":"10.1016/j.lrr.2026.100561","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.lrr.2026.100561","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Imatinib, a tyrosine kinase inhibitor used for chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) and gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST), is associated with myalgia and creatine kinase (CK) elevations, though severe rhabdomyolysis and myopathy are rare. We report an 83-year-old woman with CML who developed progressive proximal weakness, dark urine, and acute kidney injury after three years of imatinib therapy. Laboratory evaluation revealed CK >24,000 U/L, transaminitis, and myoglobinuria. MRI showed diffuse muscle and fascial edema, while autoimmune testing was negative. Imatinib and rosuvastatin were discontinued, and the patient was managed with intravenous fluids and supportive care. CK and renal function normalized within 10 days, with substantial recovery of strength. The strong temporal relationship between drug withdrawal and improvement implicates imatinib as the etiology. This case represents one of the most severe reported instances of imatinib-induced rhabdomyolysis. Early recognition and discontinuation are essential to prevent life-threatening sequelae.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":38435,"journal":{"name":"Leukemia Research Reports","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 100561"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145977082","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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