The tussle between CSOs and governments on foreign funding is not going anytime soon. As long as the mandate of most CSOs remains to hold governments accountable, governments will look for ways to retaliate. Most African governments hate to account and it is for this reason that the tension will continue. These governments react by enacting restrictive laws on the funding of CSOs which should be viewed as a declaration of war on CSOs. In response, the CSOs must adopt a strategic response that is multifaceted and people-centred. This paper dismantles the smokescreen that governments use to hide their sinister motives in restricting CSOs' funding. It posits that the many reasons such as monitoring terrorism financing are pretentious. The paper also asses the effect of restriction on CSOs funding. It concludes the restriction though adverse to CSOs has no capacity to extinct them.
{"title":"A Strategic Response to the Restriction on Foreign Funding of the Civil Society Organisations in Africa","authors":"I. Mathenge","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3574322","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3574322","url":null,"abstract":"The tussle between CSOs and governments on foreign funding is not going anytime soon. As long as the mandate of most CSOs remains to hold governments accountable, governments will look for ways to retaliate. Most African governments hate to account and it is for this reason that the tension will continue. These governments react by enacting restrictive laws on the funding of CSOs which should be viewed as a declaration of war on CSOs. In response, the CSOs must adopt a strategic response that is multifaceted and people-centred. This paper dismantles the smokescreen that governments use to hide their sinister motives in restricting CSOs' funding. It posits that the many reasons such as monitoring terrorism financing are pretentious. The paper also asses the effect of restriction on CSOs funding. It concludes the restriction though adverse to CSOs has no capacity to extinct them.","PeriodicalId":384705,"journal":{"name":"AARN: Civil Society & Social Movements (Sub-Topic)","volume":"68 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122816151","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Today the usage of building information modeling (BIM) technology has the special position in the construction industry. So this technology can be used in various stages, including project design, construction and operation. This technology is based on the digital displaying of building specifications that helps the project managers in making decisions. In this article, we will discuss about the role and the position of BIM in different stages of executive precast concrete structures and also its effect on the intelligent management of structures.
{"title":"BIM Technology Usage in Intelligent Management of Precast Concrete Structures","authors":"S. Vakili, Masoud Ahmadvand, H. Eghbali","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3569490","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3569490","url":null,"abstract":"Today the usage of building information modeling (BIM) technology has the special position in the construction industry. So this technology can be used in various stages, including project design, construction and operation. This technology is based on the digital displaying of building specifications that helps the project managers in making decisions. In this article, we will discuss about the role and the position of BIM in different stages of executive precast concrete structures and also its effect on the intelligent management of structures.","PeriodicalId":384705,"journal":{"name":"AARN: Civil Society & Social Movements (Sub-Topic)","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124703681","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In the sociology of social movements, it is common to distinguish three main paradigms - the paradigm of collective behavior, the paradigm of collective action and the paradigm of new social movements. Within the evolution of these paradigms, there has been a shift from the notion of social movements as a manifestation of the dysfunction of the social system to the understanding that it's an integral part of its normal functioning; from the emphasis on the rigid organizational design of the movement to uncovering the potential of its informal character. In Russia, this scientific heritage is actively used in the analysis of civil society.
{"title":"Социология Общественных Движений – Основные Подходы (Sociology of Social Movements – Main Approaches)","authors":"K. Kazenin, M. Koroleva","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3195212","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3195212","url":null,"abstract":"In the sociology of social movements, it is common to distinguish three main paradigms - the paradigm of collective behavior, the paradigm of collective action and the paradigm of new social movements. Within the evolution of these paradigms, there has been a shift from the notion of social movements as a manifestation of the dysfunction of the social system to the understanding that it's an integral part of its normal functioning; from the emphasis on the rigid organizational design of the movement to uncovering the potential of its informal character. In Russia, this scientific heritage is actively used in the analysis of civil society.","PeriodicalId":384705,"journal":{"name":"AARN: Civil Society & Social Movements (Sub-Topic)","volume":"91 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132709142","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper investigates the impact of regional political instability on the political instability of a country. Our identification strategy relies on the spatial nature of international relations. We use the characteristics of the neighbors’ neighbors as the instruments for the neighbors’ political instability and regional dummies to control for common regional shocks. We show that political instability in neighboring countries has a strong positive impact on a given country's political instability. The average of neighbors’ population size appears to be a significant mediating factor behind this relationship.
{"title":"Shall We Riot Too? The Geographical Neighbor Impact on Political Instability","authors":"D. Grechyna","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3100028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3100028","url":null,"abstract":"This paper investigates the impact of regional political instability on the political instability of a country. Our identification strategy relies on the spatial nature of international relations. We use the characteristics of the neighbors’ neighbors as the instruments for the neighbors’ political instability and regional dummies to control for common regional shocks. We show that political instability in neighboring countries has a strong positive impact on a given country's political instability. The average of neighbors’ population size appears to be a significant mediating factor behind this relationship.","PeriodicalId":384705,"journal":{"name":"AARN: Civil Society & Social Movements (Sub-Topic)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131111969","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The European Union must be strengthened by better involvement of Civil Society . Societal coexistence between the various local cultures in the Union is anchored in three principles that are as simple as they are powerful. - Primacy of all human life (including equality of genders and equality of minorities); - Rule of law (including equality of all citizens in- and under the law); and - Democracy and secular governance (including autonomy of State and Church). These genetically and racially neutral values have given the Union the means and resilience to guarantee diversity and peace. The 2012 Nobel Peace Prize is a testimony to the success of the Union to ensuring peace between its Member States: “At a time of uncertainty, this reminds people across Europe and the world of the Union's fundamental purpose: to further the fraternity between European nations, now and in the future.” Now, the Union has to find its way in the 21st Century. Idealistic blindness and political naivety will deconstruct the Union and do as much damage as terrorist attacks. The Union has let external events take their course. It is forcing to be reactive rather than being able to shape its vision for the future. In view of the hyper-connected World and the digitalized global economy, the authors recommend: The EU needs to undertake a comprehensive reality check: agree on a realistic moral compass and develop an implementable “Grand Design”. Civil Society MUST be part of this process. In an attempt to wrestle the discourse away from the opportunists and populists on all sides of the spectrum, this paper analyses the situation and identifies fundamental principles and cornerstones of Europe and the European Union that need to be at the basis of political solutions. The EU MUST remain a union of shared values.
{"title":"Why Is the European Union Being Deconstructed?","authors":"Ulric Fayl V. Hentaller, G. Fayl, Ivo Grga","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3087102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3087102","url":null,"abstract":"The European Union must be strengthened by better involvement of Civil Society . Societal coexistence between the various local cultures in the Union is anchored in three principles that are as simple as they are powerful. - Primacy of all human life (including equality of genders and equality of minorities); - Rule of law (including equality of all citizens in- and under the law); and - Democracy and secular governance (including autonomy of State and Church). These genetically and racially neutral values have given the Union the means and resilience to guarantee diversity and peace. The 2012 Nobel Peace Prize is a testimony to the success of the Union to ensuring peace between its Member States: “At a time of uncertainty, this reminds people across Europe and the world of the Union's fundamental purpose: to further the fraternity between European nations, now and in the future.” Now, the Union has to find its way in the 21st Century. Idealistic blindness and political naivety will deconstruct the Union and do as much damage as terrorist attacks. The Union has let external events take their course. It is forcing to be reactive rather than being able to shape its vision for the future. In view of the hyper-connected World and the digitalized global economy, the authors recommend: The EU needs to undertake a comprehensive reality check: agree on a realistic moral compass and develop an implementable “Grand Design”. Civil Society MUST be part of this process. In an attempt to wrestle the discourse away from the opportunists and populists on all sides of the spectrum, this paper analyses the situation and identifies fundamental principles and cornerstones of Europe and the European Union that need to be at the basis of political solutions. The EU MUST remain a union of shared values.","PeriodicalId":384705,"journal":{"name":"AARN: Civil Society & Social Movements (Sub-Topic)","volume":"101 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123235684","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper studies the perplexity of scope for poor families in the establishment of microenterprises through SHG businesses. It is a buzz word in the SHG businesses that a matured SHG group has the capacity to establish microenterprises to support their families with income and employment to enhance their poverty level. The growth hierarchical system of SHGs under the programme seems very easy and it tells that promotion of SHG-business means eradication of poverty and income generation for the masses. But the practical field says something else which may not be suitable to listen because the trade-off between the SHG-business and wage-job is stood as an impediment for internal self motivation of members to the growth and development of microenterprises. This paper tries to analyse in the purview of income earning capacity of members of a group and the situation of trade-off between SHG-business and wage-job. The means of main income sources to run SHG-members’ family is basically the wage-job on which most of them are dependent. In this case the motivational factors of programmes fail to work on the members of SHGs to lure them solely for the business of SHGs. Besides, in practical, income from SHG businesses is not sufficient to manage the household expenditure as well as the cost of capital investment in the businesses of SHGs. Hence, the members from poor families arrive at a decision where have to go for the sustainability of their household. Is it to go for SHG business which cannot supplement their main source of income for their families? Or should they go for wage job that old practice which may give at least some daily support than new one. The wage-job at least can give a way to survive somehow without any risk of failure and without incurring loss for the investment. The resulted explanations in the paper have tried to show some intervening present scenario of micro credit programmes and status of members of group businesses in Meghalaya.
{"title":"Development of Microenterprise Lays on Trade-Off between SHG-Business and Poor Families’ Wage-Job","authors":"S. Rajbongshi","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2700732","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2700732","url":null,"abstract":"This paper studies the perplexity of scope for poor families in the establishment of microenterprises through SHG businesses. It is a buzz word in the SHG businesses that a matured SHG group has the capacity to establish microenterprises to support their families with income and employment to enhance their poverty level. The growth hierarchical system of SHGs under the programme seems very easy and it tells that promotion of SHG-business means eradication of poverty and income generation for the masses. But the practical field says something else which may not be suitable to listen because the trade-off between the SHG-business and wage-job is stood as an impediment for internal self motivation of members to the growth and development of microenterprises. This paper tries to analyse in the purview of income earning capacity of members of a group and the situation of trade-off between SHG-business and wage-job. The means of main income sources to run SHG-members’ family is basically the wage-job on which most of them are dependent. In this case the motivational factors of programmes fail to work on the members of SHGs to lure them solely for the business of SHGs. Besides, in practical, income from SHG businesses is not sufficient to manage the household expenditure as well as the cost of capital investment in the businesses of SHGs. Hence, the members from poor families arrive at a decision where have to go for the sustainability of their household. Is it to go for SHG business which cannot supplement their main source of income for their families? Or should they go for wage job that old practice which may give at least some daily support than new one. The wage-job at least can give a way to survive somehow without any risk of failure and without incurring loss for the investment. The resulted explanations in the paper have tried to show some intervening present scenario of micro credit programmes and status of members of group businesses in Meghalaya.","PeriodicalId":384705,"journal":{"name":"AARN: Civil Society & Social Movements (Sub-Topic)","volume":"18 8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125770849","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
W. Carlos, W. Sine, Brandon H. Lee, Heather A. Haveman
Recent work linking social movements and organizations has shown that social movements can promote entrepreneurial activity in new industries. Social movements can increase acceptance of new industries among consumers, drum up state support, call entrepreneurs’ attention to new opportunities, connect entrepreneurs to resource providers, and promote the formation of supportive infrastructure. All of these actions facilitate new industry emergence and expansion. In this paper, we argue that when social movements successfully foster industry expansion, three related things happen. First, the movement-encouraged development of industry infrastructure reduces the need for continued support by social movements. Initially because of the difficulty of starting a new organization in a new sector, initial entrants are more likely to be highly motivated by ideology. Second, movements’ efforts on behalf of new industries increase the importance of resource availability: by improving opportunities to earn profits, entrepreneurs who are motivated more by financial considerations and less by movement ideologies are increasingly attracted to the industry; for such instrumentally motivated entrepreneurs, resources are more important than movement support. Third, industry growth motivates counter movements that compete with initiator movements, further reducing the beneficial impact of imitator movements. To test these arguments, we use panel data on the US wind power industry and related social movements. We conclude by considering the implications of our findings for the study of social movements, organizations, and entrepreneurship.
{"title":"Gone with the Wind: Industry Development and the Evolution of Social Movement Influence","authors":"W. Carlos, W. Sine, Brandon H. Lee, Heather A. Haveman","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2746274","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2746274","url":null,"abstract":"Recent work linking social movements and organizations has shown that social movements can promote entrepreneurial activity in new industries. Social movements can increase acceptance of new industries among consumers, drum up state support, call entrepreneurs’ attention to new opportunities, connect entrepreneurs to resource providers, and promote the formation of supportive infrastructure. All of these actions facilitate new industry emergence and expansion. In this paper, we argue that when social movements successfully foster industry expansion, three related things happen. First, the movement-encouraged development of industry infrastructure reduces the need for continued support by social movements. Initially because of the difficulty of starting a new organization in a new sector, initial entrants are more likely to be highly motivated by ideology. Second, movements’ efforts on behalf of new industries increase the importance of resource availability: by improving opportunities to earn profits, entrepreneurs who are motivated more by financial considerations and less by movement ideologies are increasingly attracted to the industry; for such instrumentally motivated entrepreneurs, resources are more important than movement support. Third, industry growth motivates counter movements that compete with initiator movements, further reducing the beneficial impact of imitator movements. To test these arguments, we use panel data on the US wind power industry and related social movements. We conclude by considering the implications of our findings for the study of social movements, organizations, and entrepreneurship.","PeriodicalId":384705,"journal":{"name":"AARN: Civil Society & Social Movements (Sub-Topic)","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126395502","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ramadhar Singh, P. Bell, R. Sinha, S. Sinha, Krithiga Sankaran
Indians and Americans read about a severe crime committed by a man against a woman in the presence of his group of friends. The social order and the resulting public protest against that crime were manipulated. Participants indicated punishment goals they pursued. As hypothesised, public protest amplified the pursuit of the goals of retribution for the offender and omission by the group when the social order was deteriorating. Moreover, public protest affected the pursuit of the deterrence and retribution goals by Indians as if they acted as pragmatic politicians, but not by Americans as if they acted as principled theologians.
{"title":"Crime Against Woman and Punishment Goals: Social Order and Country Moderate Public Protest Effect","authors":"Ramadhar Singh, P. Bell, R. Sinha, S. Sinha, Krithiga Sankaran","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2414289","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2414289","url":null,"abstract":"Indians and Americans read about a severe crime committed by a man against a woman in the presence of his group of friends. The social order and the resulting public protest against that crime were manipulated. Participants indicated punishment goals they pursued. As hypothesised, public protest amplified the pursuit of the goals of retribution for the offender and omission by the group when the social order was deteriorating. Moreover, public protest affected the pursuit of the deterrence and retribution goals by Indians as if they acted as pragmatic politicians, but not by Americans as if they acted as principled theologians.","PeriodicalId":384705,"journal":{"name":"AARN: Civil Society & Social Movements (Sub-Topic)","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124411668","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We are seeing concrete examples of what can happen when funders recognize relationships as having a place at the theory-of-change table.
我们正在看到一些具体的例子，说明当资助者认识到关系在变革理论中占有一席之地时，会发生什么。
{"title":"From the Kids' Table to the Adults' Table: Taking Relationships Seriously in a World of Networks","authors":"J. Esterle, Malka R Kopell, P. Strand","doi":"10.2139/SSRN.2320196","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/SSRN.2320196","url":null,"abstract":"We are seeing concrete examples of what can happen when funders recognize relationships as having a place at the theory-of-change table.","PeriodicalId":384705,"journal":{"name":"AARN: Civil Society & Social Movements (Sub-Topic)","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126752180","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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